US2237881A - Computing machine - Google Patents

Description

April 8, 1941. w. w. LANDSIEDEL 2,237,881

COMPUTING MACHINE Filed Jan. 22, 1958 16 Sheets-Sheet l nnnnnnnn C) (X uuuuuuuu E o fi :.2 5:' 2 5:3

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NTOR WALTER W LANDSIEDEL BY MA ATT RNEY April 8, 1941- w. w. LANDsn-:DEL 2.237,881

COMPUTING MACHINE Filed Jan. 22, 1938 16 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG.2

lnveN'roR WALTER W. LANDSIEDEL BQMM AT'TOR NEY April 8, 1941. w. w. LANDsfEDEL COMPUTING MACHINE Filed Jan. 22. 1938 16 Sheets-Sheet 3 mvsNroR WALTER W. LANDSEDEL BY AT oRNzY April 8, 1941. w. w. LANDsu-:DEL

COMPUTING MACHINE ATT RNEY April 8, 1941.

w. w. LANDsIEDr-:L 2.237.881

COMPUTING MACHINE Filed Jan. 22, 1938 16 Sheets-Sheet 5 lNvENToR WALTER W. LANDSiEDEL,

ATTO NEY April 8, 1941.

VW. W. LANDSIEDEL COMPUTING MACHINE Filed Jan. 22, 1938 1G Sheets-Sheet 8 lNvENToR WALTER W. LANDSIEDEL ATTORNEY April 8, 1941. w. w. LANDsn-:DEL

COMPUTING MACHINE Filed Jan. 22, 19158 ATT RNEY April 8, 1941. w. w. LANDSIEDEL 2.237.881

COMPUTING MACHINE Filed Jan. A222, 1938 16 Shee'ts'Sh-eet 8 FIG.

mvENroR WA LTER W. LANDSIEDEL B Y e- JM ATTORNEY April 8, 1941- w.-w. LANDsxEDEL 2.237,881

COMPUTING MACHINE Filed Jan`l 22, 1938 16 Sheets-Sheet 9 F IG. l l

soa 4607 :o0 a 1250 000 l; 7 1250 00o l; 5 1250000 0 125000 3 12500 z 1250 0 125 Il Il gli' 307 we :E "l :i

' TEFNJ/E T TDSIEDEL Floss W^L A TORNEY AP-ll 8, 1941- w. w. LANDsxEDEI. 2.237.881

COMPUTING MACHINE Filed Jan. 22, 1938 16 Sheets-Sheet 10 FIG. I6

FIYG. l5

2 INVENTOR vWALTER W. LANDSlEDEL.

AT ORNEY April 8, 1941.

W. W. LAN DSIEDE'L COMPUTING MACHINE Filed Jan. 22, 1938 16 Sheets--Sheel l1 INVENTOR WALTER W LANDSIEDEL BY A TonNtY W. W. LANDSIEDEL April 8, 1941.

COMPUTING MACHINE Filed Jan. .22, 1938 16 Sheets-Shea?l l2 INVENTOR WALTER W. LANDSIEDEL BY fj/fw- MON ATTORNEY April 8, 1941 w.*w. LANDSIEDEL 2.237.881

COMPUTING MACHINE Filed Jan. 22, 1938 16 Sheets-Sheet 13 INVENTOR WALTER W. LANDSIEDEL Y M- XM ATTOR NE Y April 8, 1941. w. w. LANDslEDEl.

COMPUTING MACHINE Filed Jan. 22, 1938 16 Sheets-Sheet 14 MON G N.N

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INVENToR WALTER W. LANDSIEDEL ATTO NEY April 3, 1941- w. w. LANDslEDr-:L 2.237,881

COMPUTING MCHINE Filed Jan. 22, 1938 16 Sheets-Sheet l5 FIG. 2|

lNveNroR WALTER W. LANDSIEDEL ATT O R NEY 'Dril 8, 1941- w. w. LANDsn-:DEL 2,237,881

COMPUTING MACHINE Filed Jan. 22, 1958 16 Sheets-Sheet 16 INVENTOR WA LTER W. LANDSlEDEL AT ORNEY Apr. 1341 COMPUTING MACHINE Walter W. Landsiedel, Elmira, N. Y., assignor to Remington Rand Inc., Bualo, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application January 22, 1938, Serial No. 186,459

(Cl. 23S- 60) 4 Claims.

This invention relates generally to calculating machines and, more particularly, to a machine upon which problems in multiplication and division may be performed and which prints, upon a tally roll or record sheet, all the essential factors of such problems. f

The machine of the present invention is an improvement upon the machine disclosed in my prior application Ser. No. 125,704, led February 15, 1937 and, like the machine of that application, goes back to the adding and listing machine disclosed by Mehan in his Patent No. 1,899,444, issued February 28, 1933 for many of its basic points of structure and operation. The Mehan machine as disclosed in the above patent has been improved upon in a manner other than that shown in the application S. N. 125,704, such improvement being shown in Patent No. 2,203,336, issued June 4, 1940 and Patent No. 2,229,908, issued January 28, 1941, both of which were made by the present applicant, Walter W. Landsiedel. Patent No. 2,203,336 discloses principally a novel accumulator capable of direct subtraction, while Patent No. 2,229,908 discloses the manner in which the operation of this machine has been simplified and speeded up by adapting the machine to operation by an electric motor. In the previously mentioned application S. N. 125,704, the features of multiplication and division were added to the machine and in the present application these features are further rened and improved upon.

Division is accomplished in both the previous and present applications by entirely automatic means in almost exactly the same manner. The

theory of its operation is one of repeated subtraction from a single accumulator in successively lower denominational orders of the accumulator. In operating the machine the divifiend is rst entered into the accumulator and l is printed at the same time. The divisor is then set up on a laterally movable pin carriage which is so positioned as to place the first or highest significant digit of the divisor directly beneath the highest digit of the dividend. Then the repeat kev is latched down to prevent the return of the pin carriage to normal after each machine cycle, and the machine started by operation of the division lever. The machine is automatically set for subtraction and the suppression of printing upon operation of the division lever, so that the divisor is subtracted successively from the dividend without printing until an over-subtract cycle occurs. At this time, subtraction is momentarily suspended and on the following cycle the divisor is added back into the accumulator and printed. Also printed at this time in a separate printing zone to the left of the divisor is the number corresponding to the number of subtract cycles which took place before over-subtraction occurred. This is the rst digit of the quotient. During this same cycle the pin carriage is automatically backspaced, and without stopping, the machine begins a new series of subtract cycles, continuing as above, over-subtracting, backspacing, and printing until the dividend has been completely subtracted from the aocumulator or until the remainder therein is smaller than the divisor. At this time the machine automatically stops and, if there is a remander, it may be printed by totaling the machine. During division operations, printing occurs only during backspace cycles. The quotient is printed, one digit under another, on the lefthand side of the sheet, while the true divisor will be printed upon the last printing operation before the machine stops.

In accomplishing multiplication on the present machine substantially the same procedure is applied except, of course, that repeated addition instead of subtraction is performed. With the accumulator cleared the multiplicand is set up on the pin carriage and there is added to it a number of zeros which is one less than the number of digits in the multiplier. For example, if the multiplicand were 543 and the multiplier 201, then the multiplicand would be set up as follows, 54300. The repeat key is latched down, and the multiply lever is pushed rearward to start the machine. The lever is held rearward for the proper number of cycles signified by the rst digit of the multiplier, and is then released. A suitable dial is provided for visually counting machine cycles. These cycles are add and nonprint cycles and, in order to print the result of this rst multiplication, the multiply lever is pulled forward and immediately released, thereby causing a print, non-add and backspace cycle. The multiplicand is printed on a single horizontal line during this cycle. while the first digit of the multiplier is printed to the left of the sheet through the same means which effected printing of the quotient in division. This procedure is repeated throughout all the digits of the multiplier. then the pin carriage is manually returned to normal and the machine totaled to obtain the product.

For reasons to be explained in greater detail later on. the machine of the previous application S. N. 125,704 was unable to print a zero in the multiplier. When a zero appeared in the multiplier it 'was necessary to backspace the carriage manually, rotate the platen one step by hand and write in the zero at the proper point. Through the provision of the multiply lever mentioned above this difculty has been eliminated since, by merely tripping this lever, a non-add, line space, backspace cycle will be effected and a Zero printed at the proper point. Another dis- 'antage present in the previous machine and rcome herein has to do with the accidental ping of the division lever when the pin car- ;e is resting at normal position with none of pins set up. If such a thing occurred in the vious machine, the mechanism for automatiy stopping the machine would be prevented n operating, as will be later explained, and machine would continue running until a :h inside the machine be manually disabled. ',he present machine, the latch may be released ply by depression of the motor bar so that an roper operation of the division lever is of no ticular consequence. Other features of novand improvement will be given in the detailed :ription to follow. ne object of this invention is a multiplying :hine wherein every digit of the multiplier iniing zeros may be printed. ,nother object of the invention is a simple and ctive means for stopping the machine if it is `ted through an improper operation of the sion lever. nother object of this invention is an improve- 1t upon certain interlocking mechanism been the correction key and the main operating ft of the machine in order to simplify and :d up the performance of multiplication on machine.

ther objects and structural details of the o ention will be apparent from the following :ription when read in conjunction with the )mpanying drawings, wherein:

ig. 1 is a view in right-hand cross section he machine as disclosed in a previous applion showing several features of basic operabut none of the mechanism of the present ntion;

Lg. 2 is a plan view showing the framework yhe machine and the relative arrangement he mechanism of the invention;

g. 3 is a fragmentary plan view showing the or drive mechanism;

g. 4 is a View in right-hand side elevation he start-stop and drive mechanism of the hine;

g. 5 is a view in right-hand elevation dis- .ng the general operating mechanism of the hine;

g. 6 is a detailed elevational view of the lmulator engaging and disengaging mecha- 1I gs. 7 and 8 are views in operating position he mechanism for tumbling or switching accumulator cradle from add to subtract non;

g. 9 is a view in left-hand elevation of the ,iplication and division control mechanism, vn in normal position;

g. 10 is a detailed View of the multiplication rol mechanism in operating position;

g. 11 is a front elevational view of the mae showing the manual carriage return and :space mechanism;

g. 12 is a detailed view in left-hand elevation zing principally the non-add mechanism of machine;

g. 13 is a detail view in left-hand side elevashowing principally the backspace and divimechanism;

g. 14 is a detail view showing the mechanism actuating the special multiplier-quotient carrier and the means for suspending sub- ;ion during division when the accumulator `er-subtracted;

Fig. 14A is a detail view of a portion of the mechanism shown in Fig. 14;

Figs. l5 and 16 are detail views of the special multiplier-quotient type carrier;

Fig. 17 is a detail plan view of the keyboard of the machine;

Fig. 18 is a detail isometric view of portions of the automatic backspace and carriage return mechanism;

Fig. 19 is a detail View of the interlock between the main shaft of the machine and the manual controls operated from the keyboard;

Fig. 20 is a detail View of the division and backspace mechanism in operating position;

Fig. 2l is a detail view of the motor control mechanism in operating position;

Fig. 22 is a detail View in operating position of the mechanism shown in Fig. 14;

Fig. 23 is a detail View in isometric of the means for automatically restoring the division lever;

Fig. 24 is a detail isometric view of certain division control mechanism in normal position; and

Figs. 25 and 26 are views of a sample division problem as printed on the record sheet and also illustrate the mechanical decimal finding means.

General description Inasmuch as the present invention is in the form of an improvement upon a machine, the original features of which are already well known in the art, only a brief description will be given Vherein of the machines basic points of operation and construction. For a detailed discussion of these points, reference should be made to the aforementioned Patents Nos. 1,899,444, 2,203,336,

and 2,229,980.

Referring first to Fig. 1, which is a View in cross section taken from the right-hand side of the machine, there is shown therein several essential features of the machine including the keyboard, traveling pin carriage, accumulator and actuating means therefor, and the printing mechanism. This View is identical in every mechanical respect to Fig. 1 of Patent No. 2,203,336, and is included in the present drawings in order to provide a basis for illustration of the present invention. Some of the mechanism of Fig. 1 is not used in the machine of this application, and some has been replaced by similar mechanism of a modified form. These changes and the reasons therefor will be noted in the course of the description to follow.

Considering briefly the general operation of the machine, the previously mentioned pin carriage is indicated in Fig. l -by the reference character l and there is mounted therein a plurality of rows of pins 2 adapted to be depressed by the stems 3 of digit keys 4. The key stems 3 have their lower ends positioned in a single line just over a column of pins 2, the carriage l being normally so positioned as to place the extreme left-hand or highest order column beneath the stems. The carriage is spring-tensioned towards the left and suitable escapement mechanism (not shown herein) is provided in order that the carriage may shift one step leftward upon each operation of a digit key 4, to place a new column of pins 2 beneath the stems 3. Positioned beneath the pin carriage I is a set of longitudinal actuating racks 5, each of which is connected by means of pin and slot to an associated slide 6, formed with an upturned toe l. The racks 5 and slides 6 are normally held in their forward position, against the tension of a spring 8, by means of a bail rod 9. Once for each cycle of the machine the bail rod 9 is moved rearwardly, permitting the racks and slides 6 to follow until the toes 1 engage respective depressed pins 2. As shown the racks 5 project rearwardly in the machine and are formed with a series of teeth along their upper edge for actuation of the accumulator Wheels and for rotating a set of pinions II. The pinions II, besides engaging the actuating racks 5, also engage associated printing racks I2 and elevate these racks in accordance with the extent of movement permitted the actuating racks 5. Each printing rack I2 carries the usual series of type elements I3 through which printing is effected against a platen I4. The type elements I3 are adapted to be struck by hammers I5, pivoted on a tie rod I6 and urged rearwardly by springs I1. The hammers I5, normally latched in ineffective position, are released for operation once for each machine cycle and are restored to normal by a bail rod I8.

Accumulator In all respects, save one to be noted below, the accumulator illustrated herein is the same as the accumulator disclosed in Patent No. 2,203,336. Referring to Fig. 1, it is seen to comprise two sets of intermeshing wheels I9 and 2I supported between a pair of plates 22 (one shown). The pair of plates 22 constitutes a cradle for the wheels I9 and 2I and, through means later to be described, is adapted to be raised and lowered to disengage and engage the wheels and the actuating racks 5, and also to be turned a distance of 180 to cause the engagement of one or the other of the sets of wheels with their racks, according to the type of operation to be performed. The wheels I9 may be termed the add wheels, since they engage the racks 5 during add cycles while the wheels 2| may be called the subtract wheels since they engage the racks during subtract cycles. The wheels I 9--2I normally engage the racks 5 and move to disengaged position at the start of each accumulating cycle. At approximately the middle of the cycle, and just before the racks 5 start to return to normal, the wheels I 9-2I reenga'ge the racks and, as the racks return to normal, each of the wheels is turned a number of tooth spaces determined by the extent of movement of its respective rack. During total taking cycles the wheels I9-2I remain in engagement with the racks during the first portion of the cycle, thereby positioning the printing racks I2 directly from the wheels, as is well known in the art. The point of difference mentioned above between the present accumulator and that shown in Patent 2,203,336 lies in the fact that there is no fugitive one mechanism in the present machine. Thus, although subtraction may be performed on the machine in the same manner as before, a negative total will be printed in its complementary form instead of in its true form as was done before. The fugitive one mechanism has been replaced in the present machine by the previously mentioned over-carry and add-back mechanism necessary to the automatic performance of division.

Framing and drive Referring now to Figs. l and 2, it will be seen that the mechanism of the machine is mounted upon a base plate 20 and is further supported by a pair of outer side frames 23 and 24 and a pair t counter-clockwise movement of the bail lever 30 of inner frames 25 and 26. The main operating shaft 21 of the machine is supported between the side frames 23 and 24. This shaft is driven in a reciprocal rocking motion, through means now to be described, once for each machine cycle. The shaft 21 is driven by an electric motor in the same manner as is disclosed in the above mentioned Patent No. 2,229,908. Referring to Fig. 3, the motor 28 is shown mounted at the rear of the machine and connected by suitable speed reducing gearing to a clutch disc 29 (see also Fig. 4) secured to the outer end of a stub shaft 3| which extends through a wall I0 of the base 20. Loosely mounted upon the stub shaft 3|, just inside the disc 29 is a plate 32 upon which is pivoted a pawl 33 cooperable with the disc 29. A spring 34 tensioned between the plate 32 and the pawl 33 urges the pawl ina counter-clockwise direction (as shown in Fig. 4) into engagement with the clutch disc 29. The pawl is, however, normally held in the disengaged position shown in Fig. 4, by one arm 35 of a three-armed bail lever 30 pivoted at 38 to the wall I0. A second arm 31 of the bail lever 30 extends forwardly and is formed with a pair of steps at its forward end adapted to engage the toe of a lever 38 pivoted at 39 to the wall I0. A spring 4I connecting the lever 38 and the arm 35 urges the lever 38 in-a clockwise direction (Fig. 4) and in the normal stopped position of the machine the toe of the lever limits the bottom step of the arm 31. The lever 38 is substantially bailshaped, as shown in Fig. 3, and straddles the wall ID. Secured to the top of the lever 38 is a conductor 42 cooperable with a pair of contacts 43, forming a part of the motor circuit. As shown in Fig. 4, the conductor 42 normally lies above the contacts 43 and the motor circuit is broken or open. If, however, the lever 38 is permitted to move clockwise under tension of spring 4I, the conductor will come to rest upon the contacts, thereby closing the circuit, starting the motor 28, and rotating the clutch disc 29. The motor will continue to run as long as the circuit remains closed. The lever 38 is permitted to rock through this movement enabling the toe of lever 38 to move on to the second step of arm 31. This bail lever 30 is formed with a third upstanding arm 44 connected to a forwardly extending link 45.-

Through means soon to be described, the link 45 is moved forward when it is desired to start the machine, thereby rocking the bail lever 30 in a counter-clockwise direction. As previously mentioned the arm 35 of the above bail lever normally holds the pawl 33 disengaged and it will be seen that counter-clockwise movement of the bail lever, besides starting the motor to rotate the disc 29, will also permit the pawl 33 to engage the teeth of the disc, thereby causing the plate 32, upon which the pawl is mounted, to move with the disc. The direction of movement of the plate 32 and disc 29 is counter-clockwise as viewed in Fig. 4, so that the plate will be disengaged from the disc upon the restoration of the arm 35 to normal position, since the forward end of the arm will reengage the pawl 33. A means is provided whereby in problems other than multiplication and division, the machine will automatically stop after one cycle of operation. The plate 32 is formed with a cam nose 46 on its outer periphery, this cam nose being adapted to cooperate with a stud 41 mounted in the lever 38. In the normal position of the machine, as viewed in Fig. 4, the stud 41 is positioned just below and to the right of the cam nose 46 and, as the lever 38 moves :kwise to start the machine, the stud moves vardly to a spot just beneath the cam nose 46. v, near the end of the cycle of plate 32, the e 46 cams the stud 41, and thereby the lever rearwardly in a counter-clockwise direction )reak the motor circuit. Also, inasmuch as toe of lever 38 holds arm 31 depressed during operation of the machine, this arm will be reed and the entire lever comprising arms 35, and 44 will be forced to return to normal under ;ion of spring 4|. If, however, the previously itioned link 45 is held in its forward operating ,tion for more than one cycle, the bail lever vill be unable to return to normal and a new e of operation will begin immediately, with halt between cycles. he rotating motion of the plate 32 is caused love the previously mentioned main machine ft 21 in a reciprocable rocking motion in the al manner, through a stud 48 on the plate, a nerating lever 49, an arm loose on the t 21 and operable by the lever 49, arm 52 Fig. 2) fast on the shaft 21 and coil spring onnecting the two arms 5| and 52. Through chain of mechanism the shaft 21 is rocked counter-clockwise direction (Fig. 4) during first 180 of rotation of the plate and is rned in a clockwise direction during the nd 180 of rotation of the plate. nnsidering now the means for operating link 45 to start the machine, it will be seen as shown in Figs. 4 and 5, the forward of the link is connected to an upstanding of a triple armed bell-crank lever 54 pivoted 5 (see Fig. 5) to the side frame 24. A second normally horizontal arm of lever 54 extends yardly and bears a stud 56 at its forward Overlying the stud 56 is the stem 51 of usual operating lever or motor bar 58 slidably nted on the side wall 24. The motor bar s urged upward to the position shown in 5 by a spring 59 and is positioned at the t-hand side of the keyboard. The motor is adapted to be manually depressed, and n so operated will rock the bell-crank lever r1 a counter-clockwise direction (Fig. 5) to the link 45 forward and start the machine ascribed. It is thus seen that anything which s the lever 54 will start the machine. Sevmeans, other than the motor bar 58, are ided for operating the lever 54, one of these g the subtract key 6| (Fig. 5). The lower of the subtract key 6| is pivoted to one arn f a bail-shaped lever 63, loosely mounted shaft 64 supported by the side frames 23 24. An arm 65 of lever 83 extends rearlly and has secured to its far end a downlly extending link 66 (see also Fig. 4) ed with a slot 61 at its lower end. A pin r1 the lever 54 extends through the slot 61, iat depression of the subtract key 6| will link 66, thereby rocking lever 54 to start nachine.

Accumulator control ferring now to Fig. 6, there is shown therein mechanism for raising and lowering the nulator wheels |9 and 2| from and into gement with their actuating racks 5. The ously mentioned cradle plates 22, between 70 1 are mounted the accumulator wheels |9 2|, are supported by a pair of arms 69 shown) fast on a shaft 1| supported be- 1 the inner frame pieces 25 and 26. Pivoted to the left-hand arm 69 is a depending 75 plate 13 shaped somewhat in the manner of an inverted Y. Thus the lower end of the plate 13 is formed as with two prongs 14 and 15, and along the inner edges of each prong is a respective notch 16 and 11. Adapted to be engaged by the notches 16 and 11 is a pair of pins '|8 and 19 mounted on opposite ends of a plate 8| pivoted to a fixed bracket 82. The pins 18 and 19 are mounted on the right-hand side of the plate 8| (as viewed from the front of the machine) and on the left-hand side of the plate are two studs 83 and 84 cooperable in the usual manner with a wipe pawl 85 pivoted on the outer end of an arm 86 fast on the main shaft 21. In Fig. 6 the above mechanism is shown in its normal position with the notch 16 engaging the pin 18 and the wipe paWl 85 held out of engagement with either stud 83 or 84. As previously mentioned the accumulator wheels are normally in mesh with their actuators. Now as the shaft 21 begins to turn at the beginning of a cycle (clockwise, as viewed in Fig. 6) a shoulder of the wipe pawl contacts the stud 83 and as the main shaft continues to turn, the plate 8| is rocked in a clockwise direction, thereby elevating member 13 to rock arms 69 upward and disengage the accumulator. This occurs at the start of the machine cycle before the actuating racks 5 move rearward, and as the rock shaft 21 continues its forward motion the wipe pawl 85 pivots idly about the second stud 84. At the start of the return stroke of the shaft 21, but before the actuators 5 begin their return stroke, the opposite shoulder on the wipe pawl 85 contacts the stud 84 and rocks the plate 8| counter-clockwise back to normal, thereby lowering the arms 69 and engaging the accumulator wheels and their racks, in order that the amount set up on the racks may be added to or subtracted from the wheels. Through means not herein shown the plate 13 is shifted a short distance in a clockwise direction (Fig. 6) during total strokes to engage notch 11 and pin 19 and disengage notch 16 and pin 18. The mode of operation is thus reversed and the accumulator wheels 9 and 2| remain in mesh with the racks 5 during the forward stroke of the machine and are cleared as is well known in the art. All of the above mechanism, as well as some illustrated but not described herein, is exactly the same as that disclosed in the abovementioned Patent No. 2,203,336.

Also disclosed in the above application is the previously mentioned mechanism for rotating the accumulator cradle to place either the wheels |9 or the wheels 2| into mesh with the racks 5. according to whether the amount to be entered is positive or negative. This mechanism is briefly described hereinafter.

Projecting from the center of the right-hand cradle frame piece 22, in a manner not complete` ly shown herein, is a stud 81 (see Figs. 7 and 8) and fast on this stud is a pinion 88. Adapted to engage and rotate the pinion 88 is a rack 89 fixed to the upper end of a lever 9| pivoted to a xed bracket 92. The lever 9| is formed with an arm 93 which engages, through a pin and slot connection, a slide 94 loosely mounted for free forward and rearward movement upon the main shaft 21 and a fixed cross bar 95. Mounted for limited vertical movement upon the slide 94 is a plate 95 formed with rearwardly extending arms 91 and 98 adapted to cooperate respectively with pins 99 and ||J| integral with a cam |82 fast on the shaft 21. Cut in the upper

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