US2237780A - Turbine governor - Google Patents

Description

April M. GOTTLIEB 2237.780

TURBINE GOVERNOR Filed March 8, 1939 2 SheetsSheet 1 Far. 1.

9 a WITNESSES: I05

INVENTOR I44 Mnmous GnTTLIEB. a

April 1941- M. GOTTLIEB 2.237.780

wunanim eovmmon Filed March, 8, 1939 2 Shbets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR ATTORNEY Mnmous Go'r'rusa;

atenteci- A r. 8, 1941 roanms GOVERNOR Manious Gottlieb, Philadelphia, Pa., assignor to Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company, East Pittsburgh, Pa, a. corporation of Pennsylvania Application March 8, 1939, Serial No. 260,478

16 Claims.

My invention relates to a fly-weight governor of the force type, as distinguished from the motion type, and it has for an object to provide apparatus of. this character wherein friction and iooseness are avoided and low resistance to operation is secured by having the fly-weights carried by a transversely flexible member, which serves to transmit the centrifugal force thereof to suitable force-responsive controlling means for the apparatus to be governed.

A further object of my invention is to pro-- vide a governor having a leaf spring extending iiiametrally of its rotary driving member and carrying the fly-weights, the leaf spring functioning to transmit centrifugal force of the fly weights to suitable force-responsive means.

A further object of my invention is to provide a centrifugal governor wherein a leaf spring is used to support the fly-weights and to transmit the centrifugal force-effect thereof to av transformer, which converts force and changes therein received from the leaf spring into transformed pressure and changes in the latter.

A further object of my invention is to provide a centrifugal governor wherein the fly-weights are carried by a leaf spring which fun'ctionsto transmit the centrifugal force of the fly-weights to a transformer operating to convert changes iniorce to changes in pressure together with a relay utilizing changes in pressure received from the transformer to secure changes in motion, the latter being utilized to control the position of a part, such as a governor valve.

A further object of my invention is to provide a governor including fly-weights, a load spring, force-responsive means, a leaf spring and thrust connections between the load spring and the leaf spring and between the latter and the force-responsive means. 1

A further object of my invention is to provide a governor and force-responsive controlling means wherein the governor weights are carried by a leaf spring and a thrust connection is ar-- ranged between the leaf spring and the force-responsive means.

These and other objects are effected by my invention as will be apparent from the following description and claims taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, forminga part of this application,- in which:'

Fig. 1 is a side'elevational view of apparatus having my improved governing mechanism applied thereto;

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the relay, transformer, and governing mechanism Fig. 3 is a. horizontal sectional view taken along the line III--III of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view taken along the line IV--IV of Fig. 8;

Fig. 5 is a detail view showing the connection of the leaf spring to one of the supports; and,

Fig. 6 shows a construction having a modified connection for the leaf spring ends.

The present invention relates to the general ment from no load to full load, the centrifugal force being directly impressed on the transformer so that force changes are converted into transformed pressure changes. A transformer has the advantage of providing suitably wide pressure range for a small force range in going from no load to full load. Changes in transformed pressure are converled into motion changes by a suitable relay having a pressure-responsive device acted on by transformed pressure received from the transformer. In addition to the novel relation of the governor, the transformer, and the relay, a particular feature of the present invention is the means for supporting the fly-weights and for transmitting the centrifugal force thereof to the transformer, such feature preferably comprising a transversely extending leaf spring carrying the fly-weights and serving to transmit the centrifugal force of the latter to the transformer piston. The leaf spring serves as an elastic hinge, the small amount of fly-weight motion required for operation of the transformer piston occurring with very small motion or deformation of the leaf spring distributed as flexure thereof, whereby the governor is frictionless and is without looseness or lost motion.

Referring now to the drawings more in detail, in Fig. 1, there is shown apparatus to be governed. for example, a steam turbine, at l0, having an admission or governor'valve, at If, the governor valve having its position controlled by the pressure-responsive relay, at l2, operating to convert changes in pressure into changes in position, the relay functioning in response to transformed oil pressure changes furnished to its pressure-responsive device, at l3, by the transformer, at ll, whichconverts force changes into'liquid pressure changes, the transformer being subject to force changes of the centrifugal governor, at l5. operated by means of the shaft l6 driven by th prime mover, at ll.

Preferably, the relay, at 12, the transformer,

at H, and the centrifugal governor, at l5, have a superposed relation, thereby providing for a simpler and more compact structure, one more economical to produce, and for a peculiarly desirable operating relation of the governor and the transformer. The governor valve II is positioned by means of the lever l'l fulcrumed at 18 and pivoted at l9 to the upper end of the rod 20 of the relay, at l2.

Referring now to the relay, the transformer, and the centrifugal governor, there is shown a first or body structure 22 having a governor cavity 23 within which depends a second body or structure 24 fastened in abutting relation to the first structure by screws 25.

The relay comprises a pilot valve cylinder 26 and an operating cylinder 21 formed in the structure 22, the pilot valve cylinder being preferably provided by a liner 28. The pilot valve cylinder has upper and lower pressure ports 29 and 30 and an intermediate exhaust port 3!. Between the pressure port 29 and the exhaust port 3!, there is an admission and exhaust port 33 communicating with the passage 34 leading to the upper end of the cylinder 21; and, between the exhaust port 3| and the lower pressure port 39, there is an admission and exhaust port 35 communicating with the passage 36 leading to the lower end of the operating cylinder. A pilot valve 31 is arranged in the cylinder 26, the pilot valve having upper, intermediate and lower lands 33, 39 and 46, respectively, for interrupting communication of the pressure and drain ports with the admission and exhaust ports as long as the pilot valve is in its neutral position.

The pilot valve 31 is held in position and moved by means preventing binding, the upper and lower ends being held between abutments 42 and 43, the lower abutment being carried by the spring 44 and the upper abutment 42 being carried by the pressure-responsive device, at l3.

The abutments cooperate with the ends of the piston valve in such manner as to prevent binding, that is, the upper abutment is free to tilt or to move laterally relatively to the upper end of the piston valve and the lower abutment may tilt angularly in various directions to suit the spring 44 without any of these motions being transmitted to the piston valve. To this end, the upper abutment 42 has a flat-faced hardened bearing block 45 engaging the convex upper end 46 of thepilot valve, and the lower abutment 43 is in the form of a cup stably supported by the spring 44 and having its conical bottom 4! providing a bearing for the lower pointed end 48 of the pilot valve. Thus, it will be seen that, if the upper abutment 42 moves downwardly, the pilot valve is also constrained to move, the spring 44 being compressed; on the other hand, if the upper abutment 42 moves upwardly, then the force of the spring 44 acting on the lower abutment 43 causes the pilot valve to follow the motion of the upper abutment with maintenance of contact with the latter.

, The pressure-responsive device, at l3, includes outer and inner bellows 49 and 50 arranged in the chamber formed in the body structure 22 and having a cover 52. The lower end of each bellows is connected to a bottom closure 33 forming a rigid connection with the stem 54 carrying the abutment 42 and its hardenedblock 43, the stem being arranged approximately in axial alignment with the pilot valve. The upper ends of the inner and outer bellows 49 and" are at- .tached to" the cover 52, the space between the bellows providing a pressure chamber 5! arranged to receive transformer oil pressure in a manner to be described, and the space 56 between the outer bellows and the Wall of the chamber may be used as an additional pressure chamber for controlling purposes, an inlet 56a being shown for such additional pressure.

The operating cylinder 21 has a piston 58 therein connected to the rod 20, the latter not only being connected to the lever I! for the governor valve but also being connected to follow-up mechanism including the lever 59 and the spring between the operating piston and the stem 54 of the pressure-responsive device, at It.

In operation, if there is a change in transformed pressure, the upper abutment moves correspondingly to change the position of the pilot valve 37 thereby bringing about admission. and

exhaust of motive fluid through the passages 34 and 36 to change the position of the operating piston 58 and the admission valve, at ll. As the operating piston 58 moves, the force of the spring 6! changes in such a direction as to tend to restore the pilot valve 3? to neutral position, movement of the operating piston and the admission valve continuing until the change in force of the spring 60 balances the change in fluid pressure force with the pilot valve 3'? restored to neutral or cut-cit position.

The body or structure 22 is also pref crab-1y cared to provide various spaces and passages for fluid. It has upper and lower spaces 62 and 63 supplied with oil under high pressure by any suitable means, for example, by the ports 54 and 65 con nected to the passage t6. Between the high pressure oil spaces 62 and 33, there is a drain space El having a drain port 68. The upper and lower high pressure fiuidspaces 62 and 63 communi cute with the pressure ports 29 and 3t and the drain space 61 communicates with the drain port 3i. The body or structure 22 has cored passages H, 82 and 73 extending through the abutment face 14 thereof and communicating, respectively, with the high pressure space 83, the exhaust or drain space 69, and the pressure chamber 35 of the pressure-responsive device, at E3, the upper end of the passage 13 communicating with a passage '15 formed in the cover 52 and opening into the chamber 55.

Referring now to the transformer, at N, for converting force changes into pressure changes, the second structure 24 has an upper surface 16 abutting with the surface '14 and having passages cored therein, the passages including a highpressure passage 11 communicating'with the passage H, a drain or exhaust passage 18 communieating with the passage 12, and a transformed oil pressure passage l 'communicating with the passage I3.

The structure 24 is formed with a barrel portion providing the transformer cylinder "a.

The transformer cylinder has a high-pressure port Bla communicating with the high-pressure passage 11, a drain port 8lb communicating with the drain passage 18 and an intermediate transformed oil pressure port 82. Also, the cylinder has ports 83 and 84 communicating with the upper and. lower' ends thereof, and with the transformed pressure passage 19 and the drain passage 18, respectively.

A piston valve 85 is arranged in the cylinder and it has spaced upper and lower lands 88' and 81, which, for a neutral position of the piston, Just lap the pressure and drain ports Bla and Nb, the space between the lands and the wall' of the cylinder providing a transformed oil pressure space "in communication with the port 32. The transformer piston valve is guided by upper and lower stems 30' and 0.! fitting bushings02 and 93, respectively, The lower end of the stem 3| having force applied thereto in the manner to be described, and this force, together with the force of transformed pressure acting on the piston area 34 of the outer end of the land 86 remote from the governor, at I5, positions .the piston valve and tends to restore the latter to neutral position. Both the transformer cylinder 80:: and the piston valve are in approximate axial alignment with the relay pilot valveand with the abutment stem 54.

The centrifugal governor, at I5, includes the rotary member or shaft IS in approximate axial alignment with the transformer piston valve 35' and with the relay pilot valve 31, the upper end of the shaft I being connected to adrum structure 00 carrying the transversely flexible memher or leaf spring 91, which supports a pair of in superposed relation by means of bolts I04 (Fig. 4).

justment by means of the locking device I22. Thus, it will be seen that the upper ring has a range of movement determined by the travel of the lug H9 between the stops I20 and that this range may be shifted upwardly and downwardly by raising and lowering the ring I2I.

The closure I03 has a depending sleeve I23 (Fig. 4) forming a cylindrical guide for the depending cylindrical guide I24 forming a part of the lower abutment ring 4. Both the depending sleeve 123 and the guide I24 are provided with The ring IOI provides diametrically opposed supports I05 for opposite'ends of the leaf spring 0i.

As shown in Figs. 1 to 5 inclusive, the ends of the leaf spring are attached to the diametrically opposed supports I05 by means of clamping blocks I03 arranged above the leaf spring and rivetsilll extending through the ring, the leaf spring, and the blocks.

As shown in Fig. 7, instead of having the ends of the leaf spring attached to the ring by rivets, the ends of the spring are held in place by means of pins I03 carried by the ring Illa,

the ring having an axial flange I03, which encompasses the cylinder I02, the lower end of the latter cooperating with the ring togrip the ends of the spring, whereby a stronger structure is provided. With the form shown in Figs. l. to 5, inclusive, the casing or cylinder has openings III affording clearance for the regions of attachmentfor the ends of the leaf spring.

at load spring H3 is arranged in telescopic relation with respect to the depending barrel 30, the load spring being arranged within the m terior space of the cylinder drum I02 and having abutment devices cooperating with the uppar and lower ends thereof. The upper abutment 'device comprises'a lower ring I I4, an upper ring II! and an intervening thrust bearing lit, the upper ring having threaded connection ill with respect to the exterior of the barrel 80.

The upper ring H5 may be turned in any suitable manner to vary the force of the spring. As shown, the upper ring is geared to a suitable speed changershaft H8. Preferably, the upper clearance openings I25 and I26 for the flyweights 93 and the guide I24 has a key I21 fitting a slot I23 formed in the depending sleeve I23 and preventing the lower ring and its guide from turning when the upper ring is adjusted to vary the force of the load spring.

The-leaf spring 01 has an intermediate bent section I30 and adjacent straight sections I3I,,

the outer ends of the latter being attached, as already pointed out, to the diametrically opposed supports I03. The bent section I30 provides a force-transmitting portion I32, which is aligned with the shaft I6 and. with the transformer piston valve 85.

A thrust connection is interposed between the lower end of the load spring H3 and the forcetransmitting portion I32, such thrust connection including the abutment ring or device I33 for the lower end of the spring, the ball member I34 arranged centrally with respect thereto and depending from the lower face thereof, and the socket member I35 carried by the structure I33 attached to the force-transmitting portion I32 of the spring.

The lower abutment I33 and the ball member 1 I34 are provided with an axial passage I31.

through which extends a second thrust connection interposed between the force-transmitting portion I32 of the leaf spring and the lower end of the relay piston valve stem 9|. the second thrust connection includes an abutment I38 and a ball I39 arranged between the latter and the lower end of the stem ill, the abutment I38 and the stem 9| constituting spaced abutments and the ball providing an intermediate abutment, the normal transverse opposed end faces of the spaced abutments, to-

gether with the convex contacting faces of the intermediate abutment, permitting of various movements of the structure I36 both angularly and laterally with respect to the stem 9| with maintenance of the thrust connection and without any force being transmitted to the transformer piston and tending to bind the latter.

The portion of the second thrust connection extending through the passage I31 is made smaller than the latter, not only to permit of relative adjustment movements of the lower abutment I33'w'lth respect to the upper abutment ill, but also the clearance between the second connection and the boundary of the passage provides for tilting movement or adjustment of the lower spring abutment I33 to suit the spring H3 without disturbing the second thrust connection or the leaf spring 97!.

The fly-weightsfldare attached to the leaf spring'straight sections IN by means of clamps I40, each comprising plates Ill and I42 arranged at opposite sides of the straight sections, the fly-weights having tenons I43 extending through registering openings formed in the plates Ill and I42 and in the straight sections l3| and nuts I44 cooperating with the tenons to attach As shown,

the weights and to exert the desired compression of the clamp plates with the straight section. In addition to the fly-weight tenons, rivets HE also serve to clamp the plates compressively in contact with opposite faces of the straight sections.

Due to the stiffening eflect of the fly-weight clamps, the leaf spring straight sections i3l have outer portions 6 between the outer ends of the clamps Mil and the supports I and inner portions Ml between'the inner ends of the clamps and the bent section I 30 which are free to flex, the adjacent corners of the support 8 iii, the plate I05 and the clamp plates I M and 2 being preferably rounded as indicated at 8 to prevent corner stress concentration.

The bent section M0 is preferably U-shaped. it comprising leg portions we, prefer-ably arranged approximately at right anglm to the straight sections, the leg portions being joined by rounded portions ifii to the sections 838 and by rounded portions I62 to the bottom or forcetransmitting portion i 32.

With the arrangement of a leaf spring and fly-weights shown and described. it will be apparent that the centrifugal force of the flyweights is readily transmitted by mwns of the leaf spring to the force-transm tting portion E32 thereof, the portions itii and it? of the straight section, the leg portions it and the rounded portions I56 and IE2 flexing to the required extent so that force may be impressed on the bottom portion I32 and transmitted from the latter to the transformer piston valve through. the

thrust transmitting connection. Any tendency of the fly-weights to move outwardly with increase in centrifugal force due to increase inspeed and decrease in load, since the outer ends of the leaf spring ill are fixed to the supports lot), is accompanied by a tendency to bowed deforma= tion of the leaf spring as a whole, this necessitating elongation to the extent of bowing. The necessary elongation is readily provided by hexing of the leg and rounded portions of the bent section. As the transformer serves to convert changes in force into changes in pressure with I veryslight movement of the transformer piston, it will be apparent that the fly-weights are required to have only slight movement.

The cover 898 of the drum construction pref= erably has pins lot for limiting outward movement of the fiyeweights. Also, an adjustable stop it? is preferably carried at the upper end of the shaft it for limiting downward movement of the leaf spring and the abutment structure i 33 under the influence of the spring lid. When the prime mover comes to a stop, the spring MS can move the fly-weights ea inwardly and the leaf spring of downwardly only to the extent of the clearance between the upper end of the stop I and the abutment structure 685%, this clean ,ance being suitably varied'by adjustment of the stop lliii, the latter preferably having threaded connection with rmpect to the shaft it and being held in adjusted position by means of the Jam nut lot. Thus, the. stoppins let limiting outward aosvnao While I have shown my invention in but one form, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that it is not so limited, but is susceptible of various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit thereof, and I desire, therefore, that only such limitations shall be placed thereupon as are specifically set forth in the appended claims.

What I claim is: V

1. In a governor providing fiuid under pressure, a rotary member; a leaf spring extending diametrally of the rotary member, having its ends supported by the latter, and having an intermediate bent section providing a'force-transmitting portion aligned with the rotary member; fly-weights carried bythe leaf spring; a transformer for transforming changes in force into changes in fluid pressure; said transformer including a valve member in axial alignment with the rotary member and a housing for the valve member; a load spring; and thrust connections between the load spring and said leaf spring force-transmitting portion and between the latwith respect to the housing; an abutment forone end of the load spring and carried by the housing; and thrust connections between the other end of the load spring and said leaf spring force-transmitting portion and between the latter and the transformer valve member.

3. In a governor providing fluid under pressure, a rotary member; a leaf spring extending diametrally of the rotary member, having its ends attached to the latter, and having an intermediate sectlon providing a force-transmitting portion aligned with the rotary member; a pair of flymovement of the. fly-weights and the step i limiting inward movement thereof, assure that the range of movement of" the fly-weights and of the spring may be kept within suitably narrow limits preventing qverstiess and so that the parts will occupy a position suitable for transmission of centrifugal force to the transformer andcon= version by the latter of such force into pressure.

weights carried by the leaf spring; a transformer for transforming changes in force into changes in fluid pressure and including a valve member in axial alignment with the rotary member and a housing for the valve member; a load spring telescopically arranged with respect to the housing; an abutment for one end of the load'spring and carried by the housing; a first thrust connection between the other end of the load spring and said leaf spring force-transmitting portion and including ball-and-socket members, the portion of said connection adjacent to the load spring. and its ball-and-socket member having an axial passage; and a second thrust connection between said leaf spring force-transmitting portion and said transformer valve member and extending through said passage.

i. In a governor providing fluid under pressure, a rotary driving member; a hollow drum axially aligned with and carried by the driving member; a leaf spring extending diametrally of the drum, having its ends attached to the latter, and having an intermediate section providing a force-transmitting portion aligned with the axis of the drum and the rotary member; a pair of fly-weights within the drum, supported by the leaf spring at one side of the latter, and extending substantialiy parallel to the drum axis; a transformer for transforming changes in Iorce into changes in fluid pressure and including a valve member in axial alignment with the axis of the drum and of the rotary member and extending within the interior space of the drum and a housing for the valve member; a load spring telescopically arranged with respect to the housing and located within the interior space or said drum; a thrust abutment for one end'oi the load spring and carried by the housing; and thrust connections between the other end .Of the load spring and said leaf spring force-transmitting portion and between the latter and the transformer valve member,

5. In combination, apparatus, controlling means for the apparatus, and a governor for the controlling means: said governor including a rotary member; fly-weights; a member carrying the fly-weights, supported from the rotary mem-.

her, and having a portion for transmitting to the controlling means forces imparted thereto by the fly-weights axially or the rotary member; a load spring; a first thrust connection between the load spring and said force-transmitting portion and including ball-and-socket members, the portion of said connection adjacent to the spring and its ball-and-socket member having an axial passage; and a second thrust connection betweensaid force-transmitting portion and. said controlling means and extending through said passage.

6. In combination, apparatus, controlling means for the apparatus, and a governor for the controlling means: said governor including a rotary member; flyweights; an elongated member supported by the rotary member, extending diametrally of the rotary member and capable of transverse movement in a plane which is axial of the latter, and having a portion axially aligned with the rotary member tor transmitting to said controlling means forces imparted thereto by the fly-weights; a load spring; a support for one end of the load spring and which is adjustable for varying the force of the latter; means for adlusting said support; a first thrust connection between the other end of the load spring and said force-transmitting portion and including ball-and-socket members, the portion of said connection adjacent to the load spring and its balland-socket member having a passage extending therethrough and in approximate alignment with the axis of the rotary member; and a second thrust connection between said force-transmitting portion and said controlling means and extending through said passage.

7.. In combination, apparatus, controlling means for the apparatus, and a governor for the controlling means: said governor including a rotary member; fly-weights; an elongated member supported by the rotary member, extending diametrally oi the rotary member and capable of movement in a plane which is axial of, the latter, and having a portion aligned with the rotary member for transmitting to the controlling means forces imparted thereto by the fly-weights; a load spring; a support for one end or the load spring and which'is adjustable for varying the force of the latter; means for adjusting said support; a first thrust connection between the other end of the load spring and said force-transmitting por tion and including ball-and-socket members, the portion of said connection adjacent to the load springand its ball-arid-socket member having a passage extending therethrough and in approximate alignment with the axis of the rotary member; and a second thrust connection between said force-transmitting portion and said control ling means and extending through said passage;

said second thrust connection including spaced abutments carried by said force-transmitting portion and by said controlling means and an intermediate abutment having convex faces .contacting therewith; said abutments extending in a ing the faces of the spaced abutments; the porports carried by tion of said second thrust connection arranged in'the passage being of smaller cross-sectional area than the latter and the intermediate abutment being held in place by theboundary wall of said passage and by the spaced abutments.

8. In combination, apparatus to be governed, force-responsive controlling means 101' the apparatus and including a Iorce-receiving element, and a governor for developing and applying force to the tome-receiving element; said governor including a rotary member axially aligned with said element, a pair or diametrically-opposed and spaced supports carried by the rotary member, a leaf spring extending between the supports and having its ends attached to the latter, said leaf spring having an intermediate force-transmitting portion axially aligned with said rotary member and said element and cooperating with the latter, and a pair or fly-weights carried by said leaf spring between the supports and the Iorce-transmitting portion and having their centers of gravity in an axial plane of the rotary member and spaced from the side of the leaf spring facing said element,

9. In combination, apparatus to be governed,

paratus and including a force-receiving element capable of rectilinear movement, and a governor for developing and applying iorce to the forcereceiving elements; said governor including a rotary member axially aligned with said element, a pair of diametrically-opposed and spaced supthe rotary member, an elongated member extending between the supports and having its ends attached to the latter, said elongated member being deflectable transverse- ,ly between the supports in the direction of an axial plane of the rotary member and having a force-transmitting portion aligned with the rotary member and with said element, thrust means between said portion and said element, a pair of fly-weights carried by the elongated member between said supports and said force-transmitting portion and having their centers of gravity in an axial plane of the rotary member and spaced laterally from the side of the elongated. member facing said element, and a load spring for exerting force on the elongated member in opposition to the centrifugal force of the 10. In combination, apparatus to be governed. force-responsive means for controlling the apparatus and including a force-receiving element, and a governor for developing and for applying force to the force-receiving element; said governor including a rotary member, a pair of di ametrically-opposed and spaced supports carried by the rotary member, a leaf spring extending between the supports and having its ends attached to the latter, said leaf spring having an intermediate bent section providing a forcetransmitting portion axially aligned with said rotary member and said element and cooperatfly-weights.

ing with the latter, and a pair of iiy-weights carried by portions of the spring between the bent section and the supports and having their centers of gravity in an axial plane of the rotary member and spaced from the side of the spring facing said element.

11. In combination, apparatus to be governed, force-responsive controlling means for the apparatus and including a force-receiving element capable of rectilinear movement, and a governor for developing and applying force to said forcereceiving element; said governor includinga rotary member in alignment with the path of movement of said element, a pair of diametricallyopposed and spaced supports carried by the rotary member, a leaf spring extending between the sup ports and having its ends attached to the latter, said leaf spring having an intermediate bent section providing a force-transmitting portion axially aligned with-said rotary member and said ele-- ment and extending toward said element, thrust means between said portion and said element, and a pair of fly-weights carried by portions of the spring between the bent section and the supports and having their centers of gravity in an axial plane of the rotary member and spaced from the side of the spring facing toward said element.

12. In combination, apparatus to be governed, force-responsive controlling means for the apparatus and including a movable force-receiving element, and a governor for developing and applying force to the force-receiving element; said governor including a rotary member, a pair of diametrically-opposed and spaced supports carried by the rotary member, an elongated and transversely flexible spring extending between the supports and having its ends attached to the latter, said spring having an intermediate U-shaped section extending toward said element with the bottom of the U providing a forcetransmitting portion axially aligned with said rotary member and said element, thrust means between said portion and the element, and a pair of fly-weights carried by the spring between the U-shaped section and the supports and having their centers of gravity in an axial plane of the rotary member and spaced from the side of the spring facing toward said element.

13. In combination, apparatus to be governed, force-responsive controlling'means for the ap= paratus and including a movable force-receiving element, and a governor fordeveloping and applying force to said element; said governor in cluding a rotary member in alignment with the path of movement of said element, a pair of dia= metrically-opposed and spaced supports carried by the rotary member, a leaf spring having its ends attached to the supports and extending be= tween the latter, said leaf spring having an intermediate U-shaped section extendin toward said element, a pair of iiy-weights having their centers of gravity in an axial plane of the rotary member and disposed at the side of the spring facing toward said element, and clamps for attaching the fly-weights to said leaf spring between the supports and the U=shaped section thereof, said clamps extending longitudinally of the leaf spring and having the ends thereof spaced from the supports and from the U-shaped section to provide leaf spring flexing portions.

14.. In combination, apparatus to be governed, force-responsive controlling means for the apparatus and including a movable force-receiving element, and a governor for developing and applying force to said element; said governor including a rotary member, a leaf spring, means for connecting the ends of said spring to the rotary member so that it extends diametrally of the latter, saidconnecting means including elements having opposed surfaces in the plane of rotation of the rotary member and with the end portions of the spring arranged therebetween, said spring having an intermediate bent section extending from adjacent sections toward said element and cooperating with the latter, a pair of fly-weights having their centers of gravity disposed at the side of the spring facing toward said element, and means for attaching said fiy-weights to said adjacent sections including clamping plates arranged at either side and extending longitudinally thereof so as to leave flexing portions of the adjacent sections between the outer ends of the weight clamps and the connecting means for the spring ends and between the inner ends of the weight clamps and the bent sections, said connecting means and the clamps having rounded corners adjacent to ends of said flexing portions.

15. In combination, apparatus to be governed. force-responsive controlling means including a movable force-receiving element, and a governor for developing and applying force to said element; said governor including a rotary member aligned with said element, diametrically-opposed supports carried by the rotary member, a leaf spring having its ends attached to said supports and having an intermediate bent section extending laterally from the adjacent sections toward said element, said bent section including leg portions joined at one end by curved portions of small radius to said adjacent sections and joined at the other end by curved portions oi short radius to an intermediate portion, said leg portions extending substantially at right angles to said adjacent sections and to said intermediate portion and said intermediate portion being aligned with the rotary member and with said element, a thrust connection between said intermediate portion and said element, and flyweights carried by said adjacent sections, the centers of gravity of said fly-weights being spaced from the side of said adjacent sections facing toward said element.

16. In combination, apparatus to be governed, force-responsive controlling means for the apparatus including a force-receiving element which is movable rectilinearly, and a governor for developing and applying force to said element; said governor including a rotary member alignedwith said element, a leaf spring having its ends attached to the rotary member and extending diametrally thereof, said leaf spring including an intermediate bent section and ad'- jacent straight sections and the intermediate section including leg portions extending laterally from the straight sections and joined, at one end, to said straight sections and, at the other end, to an intermediate portion which is aligned with said element and with the rotary member, a thrust connection between said intermediate portion and said element, and a pair of flyweights carried by said straight sections with their centers of gravity spaced laterally therefrom in the direction of said element and in a plane which is axial of the rotary member.

MANIOUS GO'I'I'LIEB.

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