US2237689A - Carbonization apparatus - Google Patents

Description

April 8, 1941.

F. PUENING CARBONZATION APPARATUS Filed June 18, 1958 Zvi 02723071',

prils, 1941.4 F PUENING 2,237,689

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CARBONI ZATION APPARATUS Filed June 18, 193s 4 sheets-sheet 4 is coked qverheats the Patented Apr. 8, 1941 2,237 ,689 CARBONIZATION APPARATUS Franz Puenng, Claygate, England Application June 18, 193

In Great Britain 2 Claims.

This invention relates to carbonization apparatus for the production of coke from liquid for liquiable charges such as petroleum residue or pitches produced by the distillation of coal tar, wood tar, lignite tar and so forth.

Both vertical and horizontal forms of such ovens have been proposed but the vertical type sulers very serious disadvantages, such as the tendency of the charge to foam and the difficulty of sealing the doors due to the hydrostatic pressure of the considerable depth of liquid in the oven.

Ovens of a at horizontal form, on the other hand, have also proved difficult to keep tight and, particularly when such an oven is used with regenerators placed below it, leakage of the liquid charge through the horizontal oor on which Iit regenerators and may even cause the bricks to melt Another diiculty experienced with coke ovens of the flat type is that when a group or battery of such ovens is used the lateral expansion of the coking oors may cause them to buckle, thereby increasing the tendency to leak, and,

when connected to a common chimney, while the flow of dark smoke from the chimney shows that leakage has occurred, it may be very` difficult to nd out which of the ovens has failed,

It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved form of apparatus for purpose in question in which these difficulties are at least partly overcome.

With such an object:

A coking oven for the purpose in question comprises an upper` coking chamber havingv a continuous horizontal oor, lower regenerator chambers, and between said coking chamber and said regenerator chambers, combustion flues, having a horizontal floor also continuous except for ducts the upper openings of which lie wholly above, and spaced from, the floor and which ducts place in communication the combustion flues and the regenerator chambers.

The ducts pass through and protrude above the lower floor in order to prevent any liquid which may leak through the upper oor on to the lower oor from passing down the ducts into the regenerator chamber. Preferably the lower oor is thicker than the upper one and may for example, comprise two layers of bricks, the bricks in each layer being jointed together by lap, tongue, rgroove or other similar -ioints. Furthermore, a longitudinal heating flue may be provided in the outside wall or walls of the oven at substantially the top level of the material to the f 8, Serial No. 214,499

June 18, 1937 be carbonized, which heating flue is in communication with a regenerator chamber. Preferably also the ovens are arranged in pairs, each pair having a common waste gas chimney.

VA preferred form of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings, in which:

Figures 1A and 1B constitute two halves of a Figure 1 which is a sectional elevation of an oven constructed in accordance with the invention.

Fig. 2A shows a transverse section of one oven and Fig. 2B shows an end elevation of a similar oven, such ovens being built up integrally together.

Figure 3 shows larged scale; and

Figure 4 is a side sectional view of the detail shown in Figure 3.

Each oven comprises a pair of regenerator chambers 5 and 6 a detail of Figure 2A on an er1- combustion flue I 0. Liquid to be carbonized is charged on to the upper coking floor 8 through an inlet II and the gaseous products of carbonzation are collected after passing through an outlet I2.

Each oven is operated reversibly in the usual manner. Air and gas circulate, during operation in one sense, in the direction indicated by the arrows. Air is admitted to each of the several vertical sections of the regenerator chamber 5 by way of an inlet I3, whilst gas is admitted for combustion in each ue I0 by way of a pipe I4. Air admitted at I3 is heated whilst it passes over the checkerbricks I5 and passes from the upper shelf of the regenerator chamber via ducts I6 into the combustion flue III. A first set of ducts I6 supplying primary air for combustion are arranged, as shown in Figure 1A, adjacent the end wall of the oven and a second set I 1, supplying the secondary air for combustion, further in, the latter set of ducts being controlled by damper bricks I8 (Figures 2A, 3 and 4), the positions of which can be adjusted from outside the oven after removing bricks I9 in the end wall of the oven. Gases burning in the flue I!! pass down similar ducts I6 and I I at the otherend of the oven, serve to heat up the regenerator chamber 6 and escape by an outlet I3', the gas inlet I4 and air inlet 20 at this end of the oven meanwhile being closed. The escaping gases pass along pipe 2| (gases from the second oven of the pair being collected from pipe 22) thence through a reversing valve 23, to a fan 24 and a chimney 25 common to the two ovens. At appropriate intervals of time the process is reversed.

It will be seen from Figures 3 and 4 that each duct I6 or l1 is formed in a monolithic brick 28 which is formed with walls 21 protruding above the lower floor 9 of the combustion ilue. lThese monolithic bricks are ship-lap jointed to the neighbouring bricks, whilst adjacent bricks in each layer of the upper and lower floors 8 `and 9 are also joined together with a ship-lap joint as shown in Figures 3 and 4. The ducts I6 and l1 between walls 21 are bridged over by bricks 28 (Figures 2A, 3 :and 4) forming supports for the upper floor 8.

The outer vertical section 29 of the regenerator chamber, as shown in Figure 2A, communicates by way of a duct 38 with a heating flue 3| extending the whole length of the oven. This later-al heating flue 3| is built into the outer side wall of each oven at substantially the top level of the material to be carbonized which lies on the upper floor 8. The flue 3l serves to transmit heat to the sides or edges of the charge and at the same time increases the heat supply, whether by radiation or convection, from the upper part of the oven side walls to the space above the material to be coked, so that the coking of the upper portions of this material is accelerated and the main gas jets can be correspondingly turned down.

As mentioned above the ovens are preferably arranged in pairs, side by side, to avoid difficulties due to expansion of the ovens, but if used singly a heating fiue 3l may be provided in each side wall.

Referring to Figure 2A, the maximum lateral expansion of the pair of ovens occurs at the level of the upper oor 8 and least expansion occurs at tbe top and bottom of the oven since the lowest shelves of the regenerator chamber are always the coolest. rThe ovens are supported laterally by buckstays 32 and 53 tied together by tie- rods 36 and 35 and the maximum lateral expansion of the ovens at the level of the floor B is thus taken up by the resultant resilient bending of the buckstays 32 and 33.

The coking chamber 'l is closed by doors 38' and 31 (Figure 1A) which are lowered whilst being guided into position by guide members 38 and 39.

Longitudinal expansion of the oven, which also is a maximum at the level of the floor 8, is accommodated by end buckstays 4U land M tied together by tie-rods 82 and 53. Between adjoining end buckstays on the same side or the oven a very strong horizontal girder M is secured r which will prevent an uneven longitudinal motion of the bricks in the floor 8, the bricks being held back and closed up when the floor is heated. A cast iron filler block 43 is laid upon girder M, of such thickness that the upper surfaces of iioor 8, block 45 and a bench d5 are all at the same level in order to facilitate the discharge of the completed coke, and to protect the girder against the heat of the coke.

Many advantages accrue from the oven con- A,

struction described above. i

ln the irst place the lower floor 9 is subject to less unfavourable iniiuencev as regards leakage than the coking oor 8. The latter is necessarily thin since heat must be transmitted through it from the combustion ue I0 below, but as regards the lower oor 9, no heat has to pass through it and therefore it can be made thicker with more effective joints of zig-zag, tongue-andv-groo've or other type, between the component units of which it is built up.

Further, if foaming occurs, pressure will build up in the coking chamber 1 and tend to drive the pitch or the like through the joints of the coking door 8, but no pressure can arise in the combustion flues l0 above the lower floor 3, because this space is connected to the outside atmosphere through the regenerator chamber 5, 6.

The lower oor 9 moreover is not subjected to the high mechanical and thermal stresses which are present in the case of the upper floor 8. For example, as'regards mechanical stresses, the coke formed on the coking floor 8 is pushed out by a mechanical pusher (not shown) which is of considerable weight and may bear very heavily on some particular component of the coking floor, while as regards thermal stresses, very high temperatures prevail when coking takes place and low temperatures prevail when a fresh charge enters or when the doors 36 and 31 are opened and the hot floor 8 is in contact with the cold air, but owing to the secluded position of the lower floor 9 no such influence can arise.

Further, when the ovens are arranged in pairs, each pair with its own chimney and reversing valves as described, both the horizontal iloors can expand laterally, the buckstays 32 and 33 being capable of bending resiliently to provide for this movement; at the same time, if leakage occurs, it is a simple matter for the operator to determine which oven is at fault.

The coking floor 8 and the lower floor 9, moreover, together with the horizontal partition walls of the regenerator chamber 5, 6 are subject to graded temperatures decreasing in a downward direction so that not only the coking floor 8, but also the lower floor 9 and the three or so horizontal shelves of the regenerator chamber press against the vertical buckstays on expansion, the deilection of these buckstays being greatest in the neighbourhood of the coking iioor 8, which expands most. The pressure against the buckstays is thus distributed over the various floors and shelves so that a good deal of the lateral pressure is removed from the coking floor 8 itself, with the result that the tendency for it to buckle is reduced or eliminated, thus making the provision of objectionable expansion joints in the top oor against its lateral expansion, superuous.

I claim:

l. A coking oven including an upper coking chamber having a continuous horizontal ioor, lower regenerator chambers, and between said coking chamber and said regenerator chambers, a combustion flue having a horizontal iloor also continuous except for ducts the upper openings of which lie wholly above, and spaced from, the floor and which ducts place in communication said combustion iiue and regenerator chambers.

2. A coking oven including an upper coking chamber having a continuous horizontal oor, lower regenerator chambers, and between said coking chamber and said regenera-tor chambers, a combustion ue having `a horizontal floor also continuous except for ducts which emerge at points spaced from the oor and which place two sections of the combustion flue in communication with two sections of a regenerator chamber, in such manner that each combustion flue receives `its combustion air from opposite sides and the entering air currents meet in the centre of each flue and do not im'pinge upon the side walls of the flues.

FRANZ PUENING.

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