US2236782A - By-product coke oven and apparatus for operation of the same - Google Patents

Description

April 1, 1941- P. M. PINCKARD '2.236.782

BYPRODUCT COKE OVEN AND APPARATUS FOR QPERATION 0F THE SAME -2 Sheets-Sheet 1 I Filed Jan. 51, 1940 //l f f f i555. 5

Patented Apr. 1, 1941 UNITED STATE s PATENT vottici;

Blf-PRODUCT COKE ov'EN AND APPARATUS Foa OPERATION o F THE SAME Paul M. Pinckard, BattleCi-eek, Mich. Application January 31, 1940, Serial No. 316,677v

(Cl. 2oz-112) 5 Claims.

by faulty levelling; and a. better distribution and dischargev of gas, particularly when its volume is at a maximum and the distance from the charge. to the roof is least, ay condition encountered when'the -coking chamber has been newly filled. It wasstated as probable, in the specication of the patent referred to, that less ammonia will be broken up into cyanides; that there or stand pipe for collection and treatment. It is well known that these distillation products contain a number of valuable constituents, prominent among which are the aromatic hydrocar bons. During the period from the year 1914 to 1919, it became almost universal practicein the operation of by-product coke ovens to maintain a hot top reaction zone in an eiort to convert more of the parafn constituents to aromatic compounds. In View of the known disadvantages of excessively hot top operation however, the practice was discontinued at the expirationV of this emergency period.

In accordance with the present invention it is proposed to increase the yield of these aromatic hydrocarbons by imposing catalytic material in the path of portions of the issuing gases. Such catalytic operation has not been found to be practicable in .conjunction with existing ovens since the temperatures encountered in their hot zones are excessive for the catalytic formation yof aromatic hydrocarbons. As a matter 'of fact, catalytic treatment at these excessive temperatures would result in a break-down of ac considerable portion of the products into elemental carbon and hydrogen. Moreover, the interposition of such catalytic material in the hot zone or stand pipe of existing ovens would tend to inwill be less polymerization of benzolto naphthalene; and that cooler gas gooseneck.

It is contemplated in accordance with the present invention that the principal' advantages of the patented construction be utilized and in addition,` that provision be made for the catalytic treatment of the distillation vproducts passing through the relatively cool by-passes or conduits so as to produce greater yields o f the particular aromatic constituents sought. This is accomplished by providing removable sections or` manhole covers in the roof of such an oven to aiIord access to such` a conduit or conduits which may 'interconnect a plurality of charging passages or a charging passage and the,stand pipe. Newly constructed ovens may be designed f or the provision .of such conduits between each pair of charging passages and between the stand pipe crease the back pressure and thereby produce an undesirable ilow of gas from the oven to the-dues which-is not only wasteful of the ngases themselves, but likewise appreciably cools the ues and renders the oven as a whole ineiilcient.

An arrangement of by-passes whereby the charging passages of an oven have been interconnected with the stand pipe by conduits extending through a cool zone in the roof has already been disclosed in United States Letters Patent No. 1,888,012, issued on November l5, 1932,

to the present inventor. 'I'he primary object' in that patent was to provide one or more cool bypasses for gases, whereby hot zone temperatures would be entirely avoided. once the gases entered the by-passes. The advantages set forth for the patented construction include a shorter time during which the' richest gases remain in the hot zone: the elimination of extreme pressure caused" and the charging passage adjacent thereto. In

adapting the invention to'existing ovens however, for structural reasons it may be desirable to interconnect only certain of the charging passages l with one kanother and/or with the stand pipe.

' The production of increased Vyields of aromatic hydrocarbons in the distillation of coal is understood as involving the phenomenon of, dehydrogenation ofparamns. In accordance with the operation of present day ovens, this dehydrogenation is believed to be induced in the hot zone to some extent without the beneiit of catalysis. In accordance with-the present invention, the yield of such aromatic products can be greatly increased by the use of dehydrogen'ation catalysts in one or more conduits provided in the relatively cool zone of the roof above the coking chamber.l In some instances it is contemplated that theproducts of catalysis be returned to the hot zone prior to their discharge through tlie stand pipe. In other instances it is deemed preferable to discharge the products from the catalytic zone or zones directly to the stand pipe.

A more'comple'te understanding ofithe present inventionl will follow from a more detailed de.- 1' scription taken in conjunction with the attachedv drawings wherein:

will be delivered to the reduce the 'eect of hot gases passing through the cross over iiue, a slab of heat resistant insulating material 59 may be interposed between the top of the flue and the:bottom of the catalyst conduit 26. i

It will be noted in all of the gures that at the intersection of a charging 'passage with one-of the interconnecting conduits, the' lower corners 60 are sharply beveled to insure against clogging of the conduits during a charging operation.

As a further precaution against clogging the conduits in the cool zone, butterfly valves 62 or the like may be arranged to close the conduits with respect to the charging passages during a charging operation and until the blowing of coal dust has abated. For convenience, these valves have been vshown only in Fig. 4, but it will be understood that they are equally applicable to the other forms of the invention.

Whereas the invention has been discussed with respect to only a few of the possible modes of operation and constructions with which it is operative, its scope should be construed in accordance with the appended claims.`

i I claim:I

1. In combination with a high temperature carbonization coking chamber and a standpipe connected therewith, a roof for said chamber provided with vertical passages for gases, by utilizing two inner and two outer coal charging passages for same, a pair of larry car rails supported by said roof between the inner and outer passages, said roof being provided. with a conduit interconnecting said inner passages and a second conduit interconnecting said standpipe with the outer passage nearest thereto, said conduits being arranged through a relatively cool portion of said roof above said chamber and having sealing means in removable covers said conduits being intermittent of each other and of the rails to permit the return of gases to the hotv zone to overcome radiation losses below optimum temwith a horizontal passage interconnecting a pair of said coal charging passages and retaining a body of catalytic material in said horizontal passages, said coal charging passages being used as vertical passages for gas and being approximately of adiameter equal to the width of said chamber.

3. In combination with a high temperature byproduct coking chamber and vertical heating walls ltherefor and a standpipe connected theregwith, a roof for said chamber providedA with a perature range for formation of aromatics and l plurality of spaced coal charging passages and coal charging passage acting as a vertical uptake for gases and with a horizontal passage retaining catalytic material. said horizontal passage interconnecting said charging passage with said standpipe through a relatively cool portion of said roof, s aid charging passage being of approximately of adiameter equal to the width of said chamber and a removable cover above the horizontal passage for the ready insertion or withdrawal of said catalytic material, the proportions of the passages permitting a treatment of a maximum quantity of coal gas.

4. In combination with a high temperature byproduct coking chamber and vertical heating walls therefor and a standpipe connected therewith. a roof for said chamber provided with a plurality of spaced coal charging passages spanning the chamber and with a horizontal passage interconnecting a pair of said coal charging passages and a second horizontal passage connecting one of the coal charging passages with said standpipe, the horizontal passages retaining catawith, a roof for said chamber having vertical spaced coal charging passages spanning the width of the chamber and a horizontal passage interconnecting said charging passages with said standpipe, the horizontal passage retaining catalytic material in that portion of the roof in which the temperature is best suited for the formation lof aromatic compounds.

PAUL M. PINCKARD.I

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