US2235092A - Duplicating machine - Google Patents

Description

E. L. WALL DUPLICATING MACHINE March 18, 1941.

Filed Sept 16, 1958 a Sheets-Sheet 1 1 m 4. m w a z 7 L H I r w 3 L a m w 1 v i 1 2% a is u w u an H a f Q 00 9 7 wwm mw wr wnn n wwwmmw m a 5 1% f m w March 18; 1941. WALL DUPLIGA'I'IEG MACHINE Filed Sept. 16, 1938 8 Sheets-$heet 2 E. L. WALL DUPLIGATING MACHINE I March ls, 1941.

Filed Sept. 16, 193B 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 March 18, 1941'.

E. L. WALL DUPLICAI'ING MACHINE Filed Sept. 16, 1933 8Sheets5h eet 4 Ednueml. WwZL March 18, 1941.

E. L. WALL 2,235,092 DUPLICA'I'ING MACHINE Filed Sept. 16, 1933 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 1 715 .9. 12 l .10.

r0 BOTTOM 26 0F CYL 7a 27 I ll I l L 25 Mmh 18, 1941. E. L.

DUPLI CA'I'I Filed Sept. 16, 1938 ii; 17 16. iii:

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WALL 2,235,092 HG MACHINE 8 Sheds-Sheet 6 6 March 18, 1941. E. L.'WALL DUPLICATING MACHINE Filed Sept. 16, 193B 8 Sheets- Sheet Y nm wH mu mm mi mm Patented Mar. 18, 1941 I I "UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,235,092 DUPLICATING MACHINE Edmund Leo Wall, Detroit, Mich, assignor to The Cincinnati Milling Machine Company, a corporation of Ohio Application September 16, 1938, Serial No. 230,312 26 Claims. (Cl. 90-435) 1% invention relates to improvements in duing machine are performed semi-automatically. plicating machines, its fundamental purpose be- Most of the work is done by an automatic control, ing to provide a two-purpose machine, the respecbut in every instance a manual act is required,

. tive purposes being that of a die-sinking machine this carrying with it the advantage of constant 5 and that of a milling machine. In considering supervision. With the foregoing statements in 5 the general aspects of the instant invention refmind the objects of the invention are as follow: erence may be made to the following patents of s t p vid a t -p p s m h e apalidmund L. Wall; Universal die-sinking attachble of being devoted solely to vertical or horizonrnent for horizontal milling machines, Patent tal straight milling or to die-sinking, and when 1,997,891 of April 16, 1935, Duplicating machine, the machine is adapted to do die-sinking it has 10 Patent 2,007,231 of July 9, 1935, Automatic carprovision for either reproducing surface or perriage control for duplicating machines, Patent imetric contours. 2,007,232 of July 9, 1935, and Universal die-sink- Second, to embrace the units responsible for ing attachment for vertical milling machines, the foregoing acts in a y ic pressure sy m l5 Patent 2,051A30, of Aug. 18, 1938. 'As already w i h s m n ly c oll d y a h e -W y suggested, it is the underlying purpose of th invalve in changing over from surface contour vention to place at the disposal of a machine-shop tracing to perimetric tracing, and vice versa, each operator, 9. machine which is capable of doing function involving the automatic control afforded either straight milling in the vertical or horiby a tracer respectively in following surface conzontai directions, or die-sinking. tours of the master, and top and-bottom peri- 20 it machine primarily built to do die-sinking metric contours of the master, the former funcis ordinarily very expensive, the excessive cost tion further involving a reversing valve which prohibiting many machineshop operators from automatically causes the cutter to repeatedly installing them. Such operators, however, are travel up and down periodically reversing the necessarily equipped with straight milling madirection of motion until the machine is stopped. 25 chines and, generally, separate machines for hori- Third, to provide an unusually stable support rental and vertical milling are required. It for the saddle casting which carries the cutter, stands to reason that with equipment such as this said support involving the use of screw threads the shop operator is restricted in the nature of on the vertical plunger shaft on which said cast- ,.0 the work which he can turn out, ing is rested when the respective plunger is let it it were possible for him to do die-sinking down to the bottom of the vertical cylinder, thus he would hav open to him an avenue t a, greater avoiding any deviation whatsoever of the cutter income, but,as has been pointed out already, such from its work when used in milling, especially an avenue is closed to small machine shop oph izo l S i m l n craters, because of the high cost of a die-sinking Fourth, to suspend the saddle casting indirectly 35 machine. from one end of a counter-weighted cable, the

The instant machine is so arranged that the interposition of a screw shaft and nut making it shop operator can do any kind of vertical or possible to anchor, so to speak, the cutter to the horizontal straight milling which the ordinary immediate cutting point at the work without the machines of these types are equipped to do, but necessity of locking a gib. for the same purpose, 40 at the same time the instant machine is conin other words, holding the cutter down to its vertible in its nature, the conversion enabling work with the entire dead weight of the saddle it to perform a wide variety of die-sinking operacasting, thereby involving the highly improbable tions. Thus the small machine shop operator, circumstance of the cutter ever lifting the saddle and others who need not and cannot be classed casting because of i havin enc untered a hard as small, has at his disposal a two-purpose maspot in the work, resulting in the utmost stabilizachine which is extremely flexible as regards the tion of the cutter and making the tracer only kinds of work which it is adapted to do; further, responsible for its deviations from the cuttin a machine which can be manufactured and sold point in most of the performances of the machine.

so at a cost approximately the same as that of a Fifth, to provide a lead screw, in other words single milling machine of either type, and t a the screw shaft mentioned before, which is recipcegt 50 19,1- below rthat of a, die-sinking machine rocable in the direction Of its axis Within fixed that a comparison at this place would not serve limits and to adjustably mount the saddle and as any useful purpose. head castings carrying the cutter and tracer 5t The important acts of the improved duplicat-' thereon, thereby enabling locating said castings t5 for work in any region within said limits for a full stroke operation.

Sixth, to rest the entire saddle casting and its carried parts (the tracer and cutter assemblages) upon the nut of the vertical lead screw, but at the same tiine to counter-weight said saddle casting and its carried parts so that the operator can maneuver said casting with the utmost case .while profiling either a plaster-cast or a cam model.

Seventh, to provide a tracer which accomplishes its universal motion in an improved way upon the patent of E. L. Wall for Universal tracer, No. 1,997,890, April 16, 1935. v

Eighth, to provide a tracer having a barrel or piston valve which is so arranged as to prevent the escape of exhaust fluid under direct force of incoming high pressure fluid, the driving out of the exhaust fluid being accomplished by the admission of high pressure fluid into the opposite end of the, respective cylinder, this provision preventing any sudden jumpy movement of the cutter and tracer, particularly in the event when the fluid contains a small amount of air.

Other objects and advantages will appear in the following specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a front-elevation of the improved duplicating machine.

Figure 2 is a detail sectional view of the plunger stufllng box of the vertical cylinder.

Figure 3 is a side elevation of the improved machine, a part being shown in section.

Figure 4 is a plan view.

Figure 5 is an end elevation of the head casting.

Figure 6 is a central vertical sectiontaken substantially on the line 6-8 of Figure 3.

Figure! is a detail sectional view of the quill adjustment taken on the line 'l-l of Figure 6.

Figure 8 is a detail sectional view of the quill lock taken on the line 8-8 of Figure 6.

Figure 9 is a horizontal section taken on the line 3-9 of Fig. 1, particularly showing the re versing valve and the pressure fluid passages, for which purpose the column casting is shown partially in section. 1

Figure 10 is a cross section of the reversing valve taken on the line |0lll of Fig. 9.

Figure 11 is a detail view of the reversing lever, parts being shown in section.

Figure 12 is a horizontal section of the reversing valve taken on the line l2|2 of Fig. 1.

Figure 13 Isa horizontal section of the previously mentioned three-way valve, taken on the line i3-l3 of Fig. 1.

Figure 14 is a detail front elevation of the column casting (Fig. 6), illustrating the arrangement of pressure fluid passages.

Figure 15 is a detail plan view of the saddle casting (Fig. 6), the plunger screw being shown in section.

Figure 16 is a cross section taken on the line Iii-l6 of Fig. 15.

Figure 17 is a cross section taken on the line lI-fl of Fig. 15.

Figure 18 is a longitudinal section of the improved tracer, taken on the line l8l8 of Fig. 3.

Figure 19 is a cross section taken on the line l9--l9 of Fig. 18.

Figure 20 is a horizontal section of the valve sleeve container.

Figure 21 is a detail sectional view showing the interconnection of the terminal grooves of the sleeve.

Figure 22 is a cross section taken on-the line 22-42 of Fig. 12.

Figure 23 is a cross section of the auxiliary reversing valve taken on the line 23-23 of Fig. 4.

Figure 24 is an end elevation of said valves.

Figure 25 is a cross section similar to Fig. 23

illustrating the shifted position of the valve plug.

Figure 26 is a detail cross section taken on the line 26-26 of Fig. 23.

In carrying out the invention provision is made of a base, generally designated I (Fig. 1). This base is hollow and contains parts of the operating mechanism as indicated by the dotted lines in Figures 1 and 3. The base has several prominent upstanding parts, one of these designated 2 being herein known as the bed casting, the other one 3 comprising the master and work support. These parts, because of their upstanding relationship to the base define a recess 4 which provides a convenient receptacle for the cuttings from the work.

A trough 5 is'attached to the base I, for example, by casting it integrally therewith, which trough extends around three sides of the base not only to catch oil and metal cuttings but also to provide a convenient ledge for temporarily supporting some of the workmans. tools. A plurality of slideways 6 in the top face of the support 3 provide for the aflixation of a master and work foundation 1, to which the master or model 8 is suitably secured at 9, and also to which the work I0 is secured at II. It will be understood that the purpose of the machine when operated as a duplicator is to cause the tracer to feel either the surface of the'master 8 or the top and bottom of a master so as to reproduce its contours in the work H) by controlling the cutter accordingly.

with reference to the master 8 it will be perceived in Fig. 1 that its contour is reproduced in the work It) by periodic up and down movements of the tracer and cutter assemblages. Provision is also made in the machine'for contouring the master 8 horizontally because the tracer is as readily responsive to deviations in contour above and below a straight horizontal line as it is to 6), beneath which the retainer bars l3 of a column casting l4 engage. These bars are attached to the flanges I 5 which depend from the casting l4 andride'beside the flanges l2. The casting I4 is slidable on the casting 2 for the purpose of shifting the column casting II and all of theL mechanism that is supported upon it. back and forth in the horizontal direction.

This particular function is obtained by manualmeans in this particular construction. The column casting H has a heavy depending lug I6 (Figs. 3 and 6). A screw shaft I1 is suitably journaled at l8, 18 at its ends upon the bed casting 2 (Fig. 4), the screwed portion'20 of which is in engagement with the threaded bore of the lug l6. A hand wheel 2| on the forward end of the screw shaft I! has a crank for convenient turning. When the screw shaft is thus turned, the column casting I 4 is slid back and forth in the manner already stated.

A column 22 (Fig. 9) is in rigid upstanding relationship to the casting I I, being integral therewith, and perpendicular thereto. This column is necessarily very strong in order to resist any noticeable flexure due to the action of the cutter on the work H). The fact that the column 22 is hollow (Fig. 9) and that the length of its cross sectional oblong shape stands at right provides a passageway (iii .fluid "flow in respect to the hoses assaooa angles to the work is a large contribution to the desiredstrength of the column.

The space 23 which the hollow column affords for a 'counter' balancing weight it (Figs. 3 and 4). The weight fitsthe column closely enough to utilize the latter as a guide. The column 22 has a pair of vertical heads it, it (Figs. 4 and 9) which are connected thereto by webs 21. These are narrower than the heads, providing vertical recesses 28. The respective heads it, 26 have pairs oi! pressure fluid bores it, it and 3|, 32 (Fig. 9) These bores run full length or the heads (Fig. it). At their upper ends the bores it to 32 are appropriately coupled to hoses it, it, it and it.

But the hoses til, tit are joined directly to the ports its, its of an auxiliary reversing valve lilo, said ports registering with the bores it, ill? (Fig. 23). The auxiliary reversing valve is solely for the purpose oi causing the tracer head to bear down on the top edge or the master during perimetric tracing as is described in the operation.

A valve plug ttais subject to a quarter turn in the bore did. The turning is done by a ban die iter, and the limiting oi the turn is accom plished by a pin'tla, the point of which extends into a segmental slot tie in the valve plug (Fig. 26). The pin is carried by a cap lta which provides a closure for the bore its.

pair of diametric passages Md, that (Fig. 23) is intended to provide normal communication oi the hoses it, it with the bores til, it. At this time the handle its points upwards (lull lines Fig. 2d) and the passages ttd, the are in registration with the ports ltd, its.

Spiral passages its, l'ld in the valve plug lite provide tor a reversal or crossing over oi the till, it and bores ill, The terminals oi the spiral passages are spaced 90 degrees from the terminals of the passages tits, the. in other words, the terminals of the spiral passages stand half-way between the terminals of the diametric passages. 'ttlhen the valve plug its is given a 9d degree turn by moving the handle titer irom the full line to the dotted line position in Fig. 24L, the passages its, the, are disconnected :trom the ports tile, lite, and the spiral passages that, t'la are connected thereto (Fig. 25) so that fluid flow ing in any one of the hoses is shunted over to the opposite bore in the head it.

The bores it, it (Fig. 9), respectively, conduct exhaust and high pressure fluid from and to the tracer assemblage (Fig. 18).. The bores ti, t'i alternately conduct exhaust and high pressure fluid from and to the vertical cylinder through the tracer assemblage by way of the three-way valve ill.

it is preferred to defer the description oi the tracer lit to a later period, but the following parts or the assemblage are described because the routing of the fluid carried by the hoses it, should be understood. A block it has a sleeve til nxed in a bore ti. The sleeve is set in the here very tightly. This sleeve has a series oi annular passages tit, 43, 44, t5 and it (Figs. it and so). These passages are sunlr below the surface of the cylindrical bore t'l oi the sleeve ill. Said bore t'l comprises the slide "for a barrel valve it.

Ui the foregoing annular passages ti to t (Fig. 20) the central passage i l always contains high pressure fluid, the passages dd, tn, respectively, at the left and right alternately containing high pressure and exhaust fluid and the remote passages 42, it always containing exhaust fluid. A by-pass at joins the exhaust passages 42 and M5. This by-pass is joined by a bore 50 which branches diagonally therefrom to an inlet 5i in the annular concavity iii of the sleeve in.

The barrel valve M3 is intentionally seated rather loosely on the surface oi the bore t'l. This is necessary in order to prevent said valve from. sticlring. The consequence of this loose mounting is a leakage oi fluid into the concavity bl. This is continuously drawn out through the bore tit.

it suitable arrangement of bolts ti (Fig. l3) secures the casing ill oi the three-way valve to the bloclr The latter has ducts t l, tn, it and ti (Fig. it), the upper terminals of which communicate in the order named with the exhaust by-pass til, the high pressure passage it, the passage ilt and the passage tit. The rear terminals of these ducts open upon the rear race of the bioclr (Fig. it) where they have communication with the exhaust and high pressure hoses lit, and with the ports in the three-way valve casing.

Said casing has a downwardly directed port it which establishes permanent communication between the duct tit and the bore lit in the easing. it. port tt is situated diagonally in the casing t'l establishing permanent communication between the duct ti and the bore it. The inner terminals or these ports are on a horizontal line where they enter the bore it. Their outer ter ininals are on a vertical line because of their having to commtmicate with the super-imposed outlets oi the ducts Ft, til.

The similarly superimposed outlets of the ducts it, til, comprise the connecting places of the exhaust hoses from which the previous statement will be understood that the central passage it always contains fluid at high pressure whereas there is always a tendency to evacuate fluid iroin the passages til, ti, and inlet iii.

Reverting to the three-way valve casing iii, an upright pair oi port-s ti, provide the places for connection oi the inner ends of the hoses it, it (Fig. ll the tar ends at which connect with the bores ti, in the head it (Fig. 9). A horizontal pair oi ports provide the places of connection oi hoses lit, tt, (Fig. l), the respective ones at which are connected to ports til, W at the left and right ends of a horizontal cylinder ti. it is observed in Fig. 6 that the port tt has an extensionbore in the wall of the cylinder tt, it being the outlet oi the latter that has communicaltlon with the right end of the cylinder. There is a turnable plug it in the bore lit (Figs. 13 and it). This plug has a stem it which extends through a gland it and has a handle ll-l on its exposed end. The plug has a pair or keris it, it (Fig. 13) respectively in vertical line with the ports ti, ti, and with the ports t l, When the handle "it is set in the horizontal position (Figs. l and it) the lreris l t, lb establish fluid communication between the sleeve tilt and the horizontal cylinder At this time the ports ti, ti are cut on from fluid communication with the sleeve it.

Tracing the route of the fluid subject to transmission through the hoses it and it (Fig. l) which begin at the ports ti, ti (Fig. 13), the bores ill, it to which said hoses are connected at the head it (Fig. 9), respectively, join ducts it, ll which communicate with the respective top 18. The head 6) is directly It is secured thereto by any suitable means. Consequently the je'cted pin 92 haust feeder II5 vertical cylinder 18 depends from the column casting I4, and is movable back and forth as said column is horizontally slid on its ways I2.

As the result of this dependency of the vertical cylinder it is possible to make direct fluid communication between the top of the cylinder and the duct 16, which like other ducts of its kind (Figs. 9 and 14) are bored in the required directions in the casting I4. The duct 11, however, has to be connected with the bottom of the cylinder 18 by a pipe 88. This is a common pipe, functioning for the conduction of fluid when directed to the vertical cylinder either by the three-way valve 31 or by the reversing valve 8-I.

This reversing valve comprises the casing denoted by the numeral 8I (Fig. 10) which is bolted down at 82 to the column casting I4 (Figs. 6 and 9). The casing 8I has a bore 83 in which a hardened bushing 84 is permanently fixed. The bore of this bushing turnably contains the valve plug 88. This plug has a washer 81 attached to one end of it (Fig. 12). This washer overlaps the bushing 84. The valve plug conbinues as a stem 88, said stem projecting through a g-land 89 in the bushing. The exposed end of the stem 88 tumably carries the hub 98 of a weighted lever 9|. This hub is perfectly l-oose upon the stem 88 so that the lever is free to turn to either side of the vertical dead center, thereby to shift the valve plug into either of its two positions. In order to bring this about the stem 88 has a radially pro- (Fig. 11) which occupies a slot 93 in the hub. An ear 84 on one side of the hub 98 has a rod connected to it. This mod rides in a guide 98 on th saddle casting and it carries an adjustable pair of stops 91, 98.

A key 81a on the washer 81 fits in a slot 88a in the innenend of the plug 88 (Figs. 12 and 22). This insures the securement of the washer 81 to the valve plug. Said washer has a segmental slot 89a (Fig. 22) into which the end of a. pin 98a rigidly carried by a closure 9Ia projects (Fig. 12). The pin and slot limit the oscillaition of the plug 88. The latter can be locked in a central or neutral position by turning a thumb screw 92a inwardly until its end rests in a depression 93a in the washer 81. I

The housing 84 (Fig. 10) has four circumferent-ially spaced ports 99, I88, IN, and I82. These ports communicate with the bore 85 as shown. The plug 86 has a pair of kerfs I83, I84, which are registrable with pairs of said ports in alternation according to the shifting of the lever 9|. The casing 8| has passages I85, I88, I81 and I88 (Fig. 10), the inner ends of which are in permanent registration with the ports 98, I82.

These passages are directed downwardly. The passage I85 has direct communication with a duct I88, the other end of which'joins the bore 38 in the head 25. High pressure fluid is supplied to the duct I89 by a feeder II8 to the nether side of which a high pressure hose III (Fig. 6) is coupled at II2 (Fig. 9). The passage I88 (Fig. 10) is joined to the duct II3 which goes to the top of the vertical cylinder 18 (Fig. 9). The passage I81 is connected to a duct II4 (Fig. 9) which joins the exhaust bore 29. An e'xin the casting I4 (Fig. 9) cornmunicates at one end with the duct I I4 and at the otherwise open ends of the passages being plugged to produce the required closures.

Tracing the continuations of the high pressure and exhaust hoses III, I I1 (Fig. 6) it is seen in Fig. 3 that these terminate at the stand pipes such'as I28, of a pair of pumps I22, I23 (Fig. 1). The first of these is the high pressure pump which takes its fluid supply from the sump I24 into which the bottom of the base I is converted. The second of these is the exhaust pump, the discharge pipe I25 of which (Fig. 3) is directed into the sump. These pumps are driven in unison by a gear train I28 (Fig. 1), the train in turn being driven by a motor I 21.

Mention has been made of a saddle casting. This casting is now designated I28 (Figs. 1 and 6). This casting is slidable upon the heads 25, 26 (Fig. 4), toward which end the casting is recessed at I29 to embrace the heads. Those portions of the casting which come flush with the backs of the heads have plates I38 which engage said backs and thus hold the casting to the heads. The saddle casting has a forwardly extended rib (Figs. 15 and 16) along the top and a bracket extension I32 along the bottom. The forward end of this extension is flanged at I33. The bracket I32 is braced at I34 because of the weight which is imposed upon it.

A hub I35 (Fig. 16) or back of the saddle casting I28 is bored at I36 to provide a seat for a bottom thrust bearing I31. Said bore houses the sleeve I38 of what has been termed a nut I39. The sleeve and nut are kept in proper relationship to the bore I36 by a bracket I 39a (Fig. 16) secured to the extension I32. This nut is peripherally formed into a worm gear I48, the bore I36 being counter-bored at I4I to make room for the shouldered portion of the gear and nut.

Said worm gear and nut have a threaded bore I42 (Fig. 16) in which the threaded portion I43 of the shaft I44 is screwed. This shaft, also herein known as the vertical lead screw, is equipped at its lower end with a plunger I45 (Fig. 6) which occupies the vertical cylinder 18. That portion of the casting I4 through which the plunger shaft I 44 necessarily passes, is equipped with a packing gland I46 (Fig. 2) to prevent the upward escape of pressure fluid.

The upper end of the screw and plunger shaft I 44 (Fig. 1) has a cable I41 coupled to it. This cable is directed over a sheave I48, and it carries the previously mentioned counter-weight 24 (Fig. 4). The sheave is journalled on a support I49 on top of the column 22. A worm pinion-I58 (Figs. 6 and 17) meshes with the gear I48. This pinion is carried by a counter-shaft I 5I which is appropriately journalled beneath the bracket I32 and carries a spur gear I52 on its forward extremity. A pinion I53 meshes with this spur gear. The pinion is carried by a stub shaft I54 which is suitably journaled in a bearing I55 that Said shaft The lead screw M3 and nut I39 (Fig. 16) constiinto the intermediary connection. This arrangement has the important advantage oi perpetually imposing the dead weight oi the saddle casting ldd and its carried parts upon the nut ldd so that there is never any baclr lash between the top oi the thread ldd and the top of the thread passage in the nut and sleeve.

in other words, the dead weight oi the saddle casting and its carried parts is used to eliminate cured to the rib ldl.

the baclr lash between the thread on the lead screw and the thread passage in the nut and sleeve which is the inevitable result oi the operation oi the machine over an extended period, the so-called elimination occurring only to the extent to which it would be damaging to the operation oi" the cutter this. 'i)

liny obstruction in the course of the cutter point inopportunely present in the worlr ld, would result in the cutter clinching the obstruction and raising the saddle casting ldd ii the latter were directly counter-balanced by direct suspension from the cable ld'l. But by suspending the lead screw ldd irom the cable, thereby making the saddle casting and its carried parts in-- directly dependent :lrom the cable, said saddle casting and its parts are permitted to constantly remain in the anti-baclr lash position, thereby backing the cutter up with a dead weight, the inertia oi which supersedes by iar any lilting effort that the cutter might ever tend to respond to because of encountering an obstruction in the worlr, as aforesaid.

it is thus that the cutter is stabilised at and particular cutting point which it might occupy.

This stabilization is augmented by the dash-pot which. the vertical cylinder id and its contained plunger ldd and liquid affords.

The braclret ldd (Fig. lb) provides the slide way tor a part which is hereinafter lrnown as the head casting ld'l (l igs. l, d and "l') This casting has a flange ldd which abuts the flange ldd (big. 3) and is overlaid with a plate ldd which holds the base oi the head casting ldl down. The top portion of said casting is grooved at ldd (dig. d) to contain the edge oi a plate ldl, which is see-- The plates ldd, ldl, guide the head casting ldl in its lateral movements.

Said casting is enlarged to comprise the previously described horizontal cylinder dd. The latter consists oil a bore in the casting (Fig. d), the right end being headed at ldd, the left end being closed by a flange ldd, on which a stufiing boir ldd is mounted. it. piston ldd is situated in the cylinder dd. ried by a bracket ldd which is a mired to the saddie casting ldd by bolts ldl. The piston ldd thus remains stationary. The admission and escape of fluid to and from the cylinder dd at opposite sides of the piston causes the entire head casting ldl to slide either to the right or left in respect to the saddle casting lid.

The head casting l'dl carries a quill ldd. This quill has a lrey ldd which occupies a lreyway lid in the head casting ldl. The quill is rectilinearly adjustable with respect to the head casting ldl ior which purpose it is toothed at l'll (Fig. 6) to provide tor the engagement of a turn-hey ill This piston and rod are can (Fig. 7) This key is turned with a wrench and the result is the foregoing adjustment of the quill. The latter is secured in its adjusted positions by a lock (Fig. 8) which consists of a pair of blocks I13. A bolt lid is screwed into one of these blocks and has its head in engagement with the other block. When the bolt is turned clockwise it draws the blocks in together and into loclring contact with the Wall of the quill ldd.

' The latter is loosened by turning the bolt lid in the reverse direction.

It will be understood from Figs. 6, l and d that the quill ldd occupies part of a bore lid in the head casting ld'l. The quill is adjustable in said bore, the extent of the toothed surface ill. .d. spindle lid is revoluble in the uuill on sets of roller bearings ill. The right end oil'this uuill carries a collet chuclr lld by which a cutting tool l'ld oi any desired description is gripped. The spindle is held in position in the quill ldd by an appropriate arrangement ldd.

Beyond this arrangement ldd the spindle lid is huted at ldl (Fig. 6) to contain the splines l dd oi a bushing ldd oi a multbgrooved pulley ldd. This pulley is mounted on a ball bearing ldd which is supported by a braclret ldd attached to the saddle casting ldd. as the quill lid is adjusted to set the cutting tool l'ld up to or away from the worir, its fluted spindle slides in respect to the pulley ldd but without distmhing the driving connection oi the latter.

i-i standard ldl' (Figs. i and 6) provides the support for the tracer bloclr upon the head casting ldl'. The latter is grooved at ldd (Figs. 3 and ii) to contain the heads oi the bolts and nuts ldd which hold the standard down. This arrangement provides for a limited adiusti'rient oi the tracer assemblage dd in respect to the head casting ldll. The standard ldll carries a them: her ldd (Fig. ll which is dove-tail grooved at ldl to contain a correspondingly shaped rib ldd on the bottom of the hloclr. The bloclr has limited adjustment in respect to the member ldd, this being accomplished by a screw ldd which is mounted upon the member ldd and has threaded engagement with the block; Provision is made ior locking the head casting ldll upon the saddle casting ldd so that the cut ting tool lid is prevented from wavering during horizontal and. vertical milling. This provision comprises a fairly heavy screw ldd (Figs. l and i) which is rigidly ailirred at ldd to the bracket i This screw is parallel to the axis oi the horizontal cylinder The latter has a lug ldd with which the screw dd has unthreaded engagement. A pair of nuts lil'l, ldd is threaded on the screw l and as one or the other of these is driven along the screw the entire head casting l dl is adjusted accordingly in respect to the saddle casting ldd. These nuts are then loclred iagainst the lug ldd, thus securing the head cast Driving power ior'the cutting tool lid is supplied by a motor ldd (Fig. 3)., The shaft oi this motor carries a rnulti-groove pulley ddd (l ig. d) which is belted to the pulley ldd at ddl. The motor is mounted on a base ddd (Fig. 31) which is adjustable by a screw and cranlr ddd in respect to a shelf ddd which extends backward from the saddle casting ldd.

Attention is now directed to the tracer dd (Fig. 18). The sleeve lid is internally threaded at ddd at one endto enable the screwing in ct a valve cap ldd. This can has a thimble dd'l screwed into it, the bottom of the thimble providing a rest for one end of a spring 208 and having a hole 289 for the guidance of a rod 2I0. The use of this rod is optional, the only purpose in illustrating it being to disclose a plan whereby the valve 48 could be operated manually. If the latter provision is not desired then the rod 2IIJ would be omitted.

The inner end of the rod 2! is screwed into the apex of a central cone 2I I which arises from a web 2I2 across the piston valve 48. The inner end of the spring 208 abuts a portion adjacent to the cone 2| I. The spring 288 is necessary to tend to constantly urge the piston valve 48 in the directlonof the master. This function of the spring also keeps the cone 2| I in contact with the balls 2I8 in the conical portion 2I9 of a retainer 220.

The cylindrical part of the retainer 228 fits loosely inside of a tracer tube 22I. the inner end of said tube carrying a hardened race 222 upon which the balls 2I8 ride. A universal ball bearing 223 has a slip fit upon the tracer tube 22I.

This bearing is situated adjacently to a collar 224 on the tube, the latter being slightly spaced from the bearing at 225 when the piston valve 48 isin the neutral position. The halls of said bearing ride upon a concavity 226 in the outer ring 221 of said bearing. Thus the tracer tube 22I is capable of universally rocking within slight limits, and it is also capable of back and forth sliding movement in respect to the universal bearing.

A shell 228 is screwed onto the externally threaded end- 229 of the sleeve 48. This shell supports the bearing 223 and consequently the tracer tube 22I and at the same time confines any leaking oil which may have escaped the concavity 52. The shell 228 has a cylindrical terminal 230 in which the outer ring 221 has a slip fit. This cylindrical terminal is threaded at 23I to receive an adjusting nut 232. This nut is adapted to set the piston valve 48 in proper relationship to the series of passages42, 46, and to regulate the speed of travel of the tracer 38 and its train toward the master.

An adapter 233 is secured to the forward end of the tracer tube 22 I. This adapter has a threaded stem 234. The purpose of the latter is to carry a tracer head 235. Tracer heads may be supplied in various sizes in order to suit various types of work. Usually a tracer head is made of aluminum, fiber, or some other light material. Generally the tracer head is very slightly larger in diameter than the cutter I19 with which it cooperates.

The operation is readily understood. The machine is adapted to do three outstanding classes of work, first, to vertically traverse the contour of the upright surface of a master by means of the tracer head 235, thereby to simultaneously cause an identical response of the cutter I19 with respect to the work III, the successively fresh point cutting planes being produced by slight manual turns of the hand wheel 2|. Second, to cause the tracer head 235 to perform perimetric tracing wherein it is made to feel out the top and bottom edges of a master and accordingly regulate the position of the cutter I19 for side cutting into the top and bottom edges of the work I8, the up and down traverses of the tracer being under the automatic regulation of the vertical cylinder 18 and its plunger I45. Third, to lock the cutter I19 at the desired distance from the saddle casting I28, then to cause the cutter to do straight vertical milling either by working the hand wheels I56 and 2I in conjunction with each other or working the reversing valve 8I in conjunction with the hand wheel 2|, or to cause the cutter to do straight horizontal milling by manipulating the e a pattern or model. It may have a front surface contour which it is desired to duplicate, or it -may have top and bottom boundaries of special shapes which it is desired to reproduce in the work. When straight vertical or horizontal milling is done, there is no need for a pattern. The

work ID, if not already roughed out into shape as it would be if it were an unfinished casting, will comprise a generally shapeless block of the material, out of which it is desired to reproduce the master 8.

For the purpose of the present illustration, the master 8 may be considered as comprising a horizontally elongated plaster cast, which in its cross sectional contour includes the vertical ogee curve. The longitudinal surface of this curve may be perfectly straight, or it may include eminences or depressions which the reader can readily visualize without the necessity of an illustration. The settings which can be accomplished by the adjusting nuts I89 (Fig. 6) and the screw I93 (Fig. 1) of the tracer assemblage are generally fixed in nature. That is to say, when settings are once made here they are not usually disturbed.

In making an original setting it is necessary to vertically aline the front face of the tracer head 235 with the front face of the cutting tool I19 (Fig. 1). This is done by adjusting the quill I 68 (Fig. 6). Cutters I19 are not always of the same length and when there is any deviation from the foregoing vertical alinement it is necessary to unlock the quill at I13, I14 (Fig. 8) and to turn the key I12 (Fig. '1) until the desired alinement is obtained.

The description is now reverted to the previously mentioned three phases of operation, the first of which comprises the vertical surface contouring of the master 8. The assemblages of the tracer 38 and the cutter I19 (Fig. 1) move back and forth in unison on horizontal lines. The

head casting I51 must be free to slide back and forth in reference to the saddle casting I28, and this freedom of motion is permitted by adjusting the nuts I91, I98 far enough away from the lug I96.

Presumably the first cut will be started from the top of the work I II at the end nearest the observer (Fig. 1). The saddle casting I28 and its carried parts are regarded as travelling downwardly in the direction of arrow a. The hand wheel I56 is initially turned to elevate the saddle casting I28 until the tracer head 235 and the cutter I19 are set at the top of the master and work. Thereafter the hand wheel I55 is turned slowly in the reverse direction to lower the assemblage (arrow a, Fig. 1) then turned in the other direction to again raisethe assemblage, each of the latter acts being accompanied by a slight turn of the hand wheel 2I to reposition the tracer head and cutter at the beginning of a fresh stroke.

Upon starting the motor I21 (Fig. 1) the high pressure and exhaust pumps I22, I 23, respectively drive high pressure fluid through the hose iii Bill

(Iii (Fig. 6) and tend to draw fluid from the exhaust hose I". High pressure fluid is thus introduced into the central passage 44 (Fig. 20) by way of the coupling point 2 (Fig. 9), feeder M0, duct I09, high pressure bore 30, hose 33 and duct 55 (Fig. 19). The flow to exhaust s traced from the passage 42 and 49 (Fig. 20) through the by-pass 49, duct 54 (Fig. 19), hose t l, exhaust bore 29 (Fig. 9), duct II4, feeder H5, coupling point IIS and the previously mentioned hose In.

Move the handle 13 to the horizontal position (Fig. 1). This places the valve plug I in the position shown in Fig. 18. The her! 14 (Fig. 13) connects the ports and 63, the latter having the hose connection 95 to the left end of the cylinder 69. The her! connects the ports 62 and 04 so as to establish communication through the hose 60 with the right end of the cylinder ti.

Now turn the hand wheel I56 slowly (Fig. 1) so as to lower the saddle casting I (arrow a. Fig. i). As the tracer head 23! rides down the incline of the master 0 the piston valve 49 is urged to the right (arrow b, Fig. 18) because of the spring pressure behind it. The passage 44 (Fig. 20) 'is uncovered so that high pressure fluid enters the passage 43. It is conducted through the duct 59 and port}! (Fig. 18) to the right end of the cylinder 99. The pressure reaction against the stationary piston I09 drives the entire head casting I51 to the right (arrow 0, Fig. 1). This drives the cutting tool I19 into the work to an extent equal to the advance of the tracer head.

at the same time the fluid in the cylinder 09 at the left of the piston I1! is forced through the diagonal port 40 (Fig. 18) and the duct 51 to the passage 49 which is now uncovered by the closure 2 I 5, permitting the exhaust fluid to reach the hose 33 and pass onto the pump I22 (Fig; i) by way of the bore 29 (Fig. 9) duct Ill, and the previously described feeders H5.

When the tracer head 295 rides up an eminence instead of moving down grade, as just described, the reverse of the foregoing operation takes place. The piston valve 48 is then shifted to the left (arrow (1, Fig.- 18) to admit high pressure fluid to the passage 45. This is delivered to the left end oi? the cylinder 69 by way oi the duct 51, port 60 and hose 65. Exhaust fluid from the right end of the cylinder is conducted to the passage 42 by way of the ports 84 and 58 and the duct 56.

Circumstances might be such wherein it is not desired to produce the periodic raising and lowering of the saddle casting I28 by the continuous manual operation of the hand wheel I50. This act can be done automatically by cutting in the reversing valve 9|. The three-way valve 91 is not disturbed; its handle 19 remains in the horizontal position (Fig. 1). The ensuing operation or the machine is still semi-automatic because of the necessity for the operator's presence for the turning of the hand wheel 2| to advance the tracer and cutter assemblages into successively fresh stroking planes.

1 Up to this moment the reversing valve" 0| has been locked in the neutral position. This'posi tion is signified by the upright position of the lever 9| (Fig..11). The actual neutralization of the reversing valve comprises locking the plug at (Fig. 12) centrally across the ports I00, I02 (Fig. 10), this being accomplished when the point of the thumb screw 92a is nested in the depression 99a (Fig. 22) of the fixedly carried washer 01.

It is quite possible that the lever 9| (Fig. 11) will not remain in the erect positionillustrated,

and if it should fall to one side of the other it will simply be stopped by the engagement of one end of the slot 99 with the pin 29. The latter comprises a rigid abutment because of its being a part of the now locked plug 86. So in order to cut in the reversing valve 9| the first act is to back of! the thumb screw 92a. This i'rees the plug 00 and it is necessary forms operator to see to it that the lever 9| is caused to take the correct right or left position as is necessary to produce the next up or down stroke of the saddle casting I29. For example, if the saddle casting I29 should have stopped at the top of its stroke, the lever 9| will be switched over to the right, as shown in Fig. 1. This act turns the plug 00 so that the kerf I03 stands in the relationship to the ports 99, I00 shown in Fig.10. These ports are now open and high pressure fluid is delivered to the top of the cylinder 19 (Figs. 1 and 6) by way of passages I05, I09 (Fig. 10). This drives the plunger I45 downwards in the vertical cylinder, carrying the saddle casting I29 and its carried parts downward (arrow a, Fig. '1).

When the guide 99 (Fig. 1) reaches the stop 99 a reversal of the valve 9| occurs. The weighted lever 9| is turned counter-clockwise slightly past dead center. The lever 9| then topples over, moving the plug 08 from the full to the dotted line position (Fig. 10). The port I00 is now closed from the high pressure port 99 and the port I02 is opened. High pressure fluid is now .delivered to the vertical cylinder I0 by way of the which has top and bottom edges desired to be reproduced in the work I0. The term edges is used in a broad sense. They can comprise special shapes along top and bottom margins of the master, lying substantially parallel to each other or diverging from the parallel relationship until they comprise virtually half circles. The sense which it is desired to impart by these statements is that in the second phase of operation the tracer head 235 makes contact either with the top or bottom margins of the master at its sides, as distinguished from the tip contact in front surface contouring. On the same principle the side of the cutter I19 is employed to remove material from the top or bottom of the work I0 as distinguished from the routing operation accomplished by the tip contact of the cutter with the work in vertical surface contouring.

The first acts are to neutralize the reversing valve 8| (Fig. 10 and to. reverse the position of the three way valve 31 (Fig. 18). The reversing valve 8| is neutralized by turning the screw 92a. inward (Fig. 12) until its point is again nested in the depression 93a (Fig. 2). The plug 86 is now to be regarded as closing off the two ports I00, I02. The reversal of the three-way valve is accomplished by turning the handle I3 (Fig. 18) QOdegrees in the downward directionby turning the nuts I91, I90 toward each other on the screw I94 until they bind against lug I96.

It is assumed that the bottom boundary of the master is to be traversed first. This may, and for illustration is, regarded as having an up and down contour. This contour is traversed by turning the hand wheel 2| in the proper direction from the desired starting position. The reason for selecting the bottom boundary for the initial traversal is that the tracer 38 automatically causes the elevation of the saddle casting I28 when left free to do as it will, so to speak.

This function is readily understood by referring to Fig. 18. The operator is presumed to have maneuvered the saddle casting I28 until the tracer head 235 stands clear of the master the 8 below the bottom margin. The unrestricted of the vertical cylinder 18. The upward'pressure on the plunger I (arrow e, Fig. 6) elevates the saddle casting I28 as previously explained, causing the side of the tracer head 235 to contact the bottom margin of the master 8. I

The upward travel of the saddle casting I28 is stopped automatically by the tracer. Since the head 235 is now in contact with the bottom margin of the master, the elevating motion of the casting I28 causes the tracer tube Hi to turn clockwise on its universal bearing 223. The result is a backward push on the piston valve 48 (arrow :1, Fig. 18) The passages 44, 45, are thus made to communicate. High pressure fluid is I delivered to the hose 35 (Fig. 4) by way of the duct 51 (Fig. 18) diagonal port 68 (Fig. 13) and keri" 14. From the hose 35 said fluid is delivered to the top of. the cylinder 18 (Fig. 9) by way of the bor 3I and duct 16: the. resulting downward pressure on the plunger I45 (arrow I, Fi 6) will lower the saddle casting I28.

Now the operator must stand ready toturn the hand wheel 2I (Fig. 1) in the proper direction to advance the column casting I4 and all of its carried "parts along the base 2. As the side of the tracer head 235 encounters high and low places it will afiect the piston valve 48 (Fig. 18) in either one or the other two ways described, thus either lowering or raising the saddle casting I28, keeping the tracer head in contact with the bottom margin of the master 8 and causing the side of the cutter I19 to reproduce the precise contour along the bottom margin of the work III.

The next step in the foregoing phase of perimetric tracing comprises elevating the saddle casting I28 sufllciently high to dispose the "tracer head 235 and the cutter I19 (Fig. 1) above the top margins of the master 8 and work III. This is accomplished by merely permitting the tracer head 235 to go free. It will beremembered that the natural tendency of the spring 208 is to urge the tracer tube 22I to the right, the consequent displacement of the piston valve 48 directing high pressure uuid to the bottoni of the vertical cylinder 18 and causing the elevation mentioned of the saddle casting I28. In order that this act may be performed it is obviously necessary that there shall not be any obstruction on the side vertical face of either the master 8 or work I8, and if there is such an obstruction, it is necessary to temporarily shift the head casting I51 to the left. This can be done either by backing off the nut I91 and turning the nut I98 against the lug I96 until the head casting I51 has been displaced to the left the desired distance, or the three-way valve can be momentarily restored to the full line position in Fig. 18, thus to displace the head casting I51 by the power of pressure fluid. To this end it is also necessary to back oif the nut I91. The operator willeither press on the tracerhead 235 to the left or pull it to the left by means of the rod 2I8 (Fig. 18) whereupon a delivery of pressure fluid into the cylinder 68 (Fig. 6) on the left side of the piston I will accomplish the stated purpose. v

The latter having been achieved, it is necessary to again move the handle 13 down. This relocates the three-way valve 31into the dotted line position in Fig. 18. Now it is necessary to turn the auxiliary reversing valve plug 381: (Fig. 23) into the position of Fig. 25 by moving the handle 48a from the full to the dotted line position in Fig. 24. The tracer head 235 being unrestrained is again moved to the right by the spring 208. The passages 44, 43 (Fig. 18) are again placed in communication, Pressure fluid is delivered to the duct 56, port 58 and port 62, whence it enters the hose 86.

From there the pressure fluid is 'delivered to the bore 3| by way oi,the spiral passage 46:; (Fig. 25). The bore 3| delivers the pressure fluid to the top of the cylinder 18 (Fig. 9) by way of the At this point is readily seen that were it'not for the auxiliary reversing valve 31a the high pressure fluid delivered to the hose 36 would enter the bore 32 and eventually reach the bottom of the cylinder 18. The resulting raising of the plunger I46 would raise the tracer head and cutter from the top margins of the master and work, and this would be contrary to what is necessary under the instant circumstance.

Having lowered the saddle casting I28. until .the foregoing contacts of the tracer head and cutter are established with the top margins of the master and work, the ensuing operation is but a repetition of what has already been described during the contouring of the bottom margin of 2I so as to traverse the master and work with the tracer head and cutter, the tracer responding to the undulations in the top margin of the master and causing-a faithfulreproduction in the top margins of the work by the resulting control of the cutter.

The third phase of operation of the machine comprises straight milling. This can be done with the absolute assurance, that there will be no wavering in the line of out, whether the milling is vertical or horizontal. Moreover the conversion of the apparatus into a milling machine from a contouring and duplicating apparatus, or reconverting the apparatus from a contouring and duplicating machine into a milling machine, does not affect the accuracy of the mechanism in v the least. In other words, the apparatus can be ill lit

lid

ill

til

' lid and the lug I96.

period and then converted into a milling machine tor a run of any further desired period. On the same principle the machine can be changed back and. it will function perfectly without any loss of duality.

it is first necessary to restore the auxiliary reverslng valve 31a to its normal position (Fig. 23). The three-way valve is ordinarily used to displace the head casting I51 so far to the right as desired. The adjustment of the three-way valve is then to the full line position (Fig. 18) the handle "it (Fig. 1) standing horizontally. The natural tendency of the spring 208 to shift the tracer head 285 to the right results in the admission of pressure fluid, by the displacement of the piston valve 48 (arrow 2), Fig. 18), to the right end of the horizontalcylinder 68. The front end of the cylinder 68 is filled to the limit. The fluid hetwecn the front of the piston I88 (Fig. 6) and the head N2 of the cylinder constitutes an incompressihle abutment.

it the point of the cutter I18 is then not in proper contact with the work I0, any necessary adiustnient is made by means of the nuts I91,

At this time it is required that the tracer head 285 shall be back out of the way hecause the tracer does not function either in horizontal or vertical milling. The tracer assenihiage is thus displaced by loosening the bolts and nuts I89 (Fig. 6) and sliding the tracer standard l8'I back upon the top of the cylinder ltd.

The machine is now ready to do either horirental or vertical milling. If the horizontal milling is done first, the successive cuts are started hy turning the hand wheel I56 so as to lower or raise the saddle casting I28 9. little at a time, depending on whether the operation is begun at the hottom or top of the work I0. The cutter lid is carried along the cut by turning the hand wheel 2i. 7

Vertical milling can be accomplished by work-- the the hand wheels I58 and H together. The hand wheel I58 is used toproduce the vertical cuts and the hand wheel 2| is used to advance the cutter I18 to the beginning of each new'cut.

hut in vertical milling, the work can be materially lessened by using the reversing valve 8I ior elevating and lowering the saddle casting I28. This relieves the operator of the necessity of turning the hand wheel I56 so that he has only the hand wheel 2| to look after. The weighted lever 8| is loosened by means of the thumb screw 22a (Fig. 12) and is made to fall in one or the other of the two directions so as to shift the plug 88 (Fig. either into the full or dotted line position.

If the cutter I18 happens to be at the top of the cut. the lever 8I is made to fall to the right (Fig. 1). This places the valve plug 88 (Fig. 10) in the full line position. Pressure fluid delivered irom the high pressure bore 80 (Fig. 9) by way of the duct I08 enters the passage I08 (Fig. 10) and reaches the top of cylinder I8 by way of the passage I08 (Fig. 10) and duct I I8 (Fig. 9). The resulting down pressure on the plunger Slowers the saddle casting I28 50 as to carry the cutter I19 on its down cut.

When the latter is completed the-reversal of the valve plug 86 to the dotted line position (Fig. 10) shunts the high pressure fluid to the bottom of cylinder 18 by way of the passage I08 (Fig. 10) duct II8 (Fig. 9) and pipe 80. The upward pressure on. the plunger I48 raises the saddle casting I28.

It'is desired to lay emphasis on the function of the saddle casting I28 and its carried parts as the stabilizing factor of the cutter I18 in the foregoing milling operations, especially straight horizontal milling. The reader can readily understand that if the cutter "9 were not held down to its work it would be possible for said cutter to make .what is conveniently called a climb out when a high place is encountered by the cutter. The inertia of the saddle casting I28 and its carried parts is far superior to the power available at'the point of the cutter I18 to make the foregoing climb out. In other words, thesaddle casting I28 and its carried parts represents a. mass having a weightsuiiicient to hold the point of the cutter I18 to the line of cut, thereby preventing any deviation whatsoever oi said point. This facility is attributed directly to the fact that the saddle casting I28 is hung upon the nut I38 (Fig. 16) and thus indirectly attached to the cable ill instead of being suspended irorn the cable directly.

The tracer 38 (Fig. it) is thought to require an additional explanation, mainly to make the purpose of the universal hearing 222 and the space 225 clear. To begin with, the bearing 222 allows not only the sliding oi the tracer tube 22 l, but the oscillation at it in any radial direction. The sliding iunction is accomplished by the sliding fit or the tube in the inner race. The oscillating function is accomplished by the riding of the balls upon the concavity 2d of the outer ring or race .222. The center at this concavity coincides with the axial center oi the tube 22l. Thus it is readily seen that the halls travel in a partially circular path which is centered on the axis of the tuloe.

The amount of the space 22th regulated loy turning the adjusting nut 222 either in or out. In beginning an adjustment the nut 282 is first turned clockwise. The nut is thus screwed into the thread 23L Inasmuch as the outer race 221 is in contact with the adjusting nut the universal bearing 228 is driven inwardly of the cylindrical terminal 280 to the left; The inner race of the universal bearing soon engages the collar 222. Thereafter the adjustment will be carried out until the piston valve 48 is centered over the high pressure (42) and exhaust (l2, l6) passages. This constitutes a neutral or inactive position of the piston valve and tracer.

With this as a starting point the adjusting nut 282 is backed off The spring 288 will cause the tube 22! to follow. The collar 224 remains in contact with the universal hearing. The extent to which the nut 232 is adjusted outwardly of the till shell 228 later determines the amount of space brought into contact with this phase of the master. i

On the same principle the amount of outward adjustment of thenut 222 and of potential space at 225 determines the speed of travel of the tracer head 288 toward the master in the event that the tracer head drops into an abrupt depression.

When the previously mentioned universal movement of the tracer tube 22I occurs, the piston valve 28 is shifted inward (arrow (1, Fig. '18) because of the cam action of the. balls 2I8 upon the cone 2| I. petual contact by the spring 208 and the latter is These elements are kept in perdepressed when the tracer tube 22I is oscillated,- 'v

a piece of work, a cutter for operating upon the work, a tracer assemblage having a tracer head for traversing the master, pressure fluid operable means carrying the cutter, means correlated with the tracer assemblage making said carrying means responsive to the master in movements in one plane when the end of the tracer head traverses the upright surface contour of the master and when the cutter is in point contact with the upright surface of the work, and other means rendered responsive to said tracer assemblage by its correlated means in movements in a diverse plane when the side of the tracer head traverses at least one of the margins of the master and when the cutter is in side contact with a corresponding margin of the work and a settable selector valve for determining the reactive effect of the cutter as respects the end and lateral engagements of the master by the tracer. 2. A machine of the character described comprising a foundation for supporting a master and a piece of work, a cutter for operating upon the work, a tracer assemblage having a tracer head for traversing the master, presure fluid operable means carrying the cutter, means correlated with the tracer assemblage making said carrying means to reciprocate in one plane in response to corresponding reciprocations of the tracer head when said head is in end contact with the upright surface of the master for traversing the surface contour thereof and when the cutter is in point contact with the upright surface of the work, and other means rendered responsive by the correlated means of the tracer assemblage to the oscillations of the tracer head thereby to move the carrying means in a diverse plane when said head is in side contact with at least one of the margins of the master for traversing .the contour thereof and when the cutter is in side contact with the corresponding margin of the work and a selector valve settable to determine the response resultant from endwise movement or lateral deflection of the tracer head.

3. A machine of the character described comprising a foundation for supporting a piece of work and a master having upright surface and marginal contours, a cutter for operating upon the upright surface and at least one margin of the work, a tracer assemblage having a tracer head for traversing the upright surface and at least one margin of the master, carrying means supporting the tracer assemblage and cutter in coupled relationship, said carrying means being variably stationed with respect to the foundation to maintain the cutter andtracer head either in point or side contact with the respective upright surfaces and margins of the master and work, and a selector valve positionable in agreement with the respective stations of the carrying means for selectively producing either hori zontal or vertical reciprocations of the tracer head when coacting with the respective upright and marginal surfaces of the master.

4. A machineof '"the character described for supporting-apiece o1 work and a master'having upright surface and marginal contours, a cutter for operating upon the work, a tracer assemblage having a tracer head for traversing the master, carrying means supporting the cutter and tracer assemblage in coupled relationship, manual 'meansby which to station the carrying means in respect to the foundation for either a point or side contact of the cutter and tracer with the upright 01; marginal surfaces of the respective work and master, a pair of fluid pressure responsive elements respectively dedicated to reciprocating the cutter in one plane in response to reciprocations of the tracer head superinduced by the upright surface contour of the master, or to reciprocating the cutter in a different plane in response to oscillations of the tracer head superinduced by its traversing the margin of the master, a source of pressure fluid variably coupleable with said fluid responsive elements by way of the tracer for determining the positive and negative reactions thereof, and a settable selector device determining, the controlling coupling of one or the other of said elements with the tracer.

5. A reproducing machine adapted either to upright surface or perimetric contouring, com- ,the mount either for point or side contact of the tracer head and cutter against the upright surfaces ormargins of a master and a piece of work, a universal bearing for the tracer head allowing it to function either by reciprocation or arcuate oscillation thereof, a pressure fluid controlling valve responsive to either function of the tracer head, fluid pressure operated means producing axial reciprocation of the cutter when the couple is in upright surface work, fluid pressure operated means producing reciprocation of the cutter at right angles to its axis when the couple is in perimetric work, a pressure fluid system embracing both fluid pressure operated means and said controlling valve, and a manual. valve in said system for shunting the functions of the controlling valve to either of said means as determined by the setting of said mount.

6. A convertible duplicating and milling machine comprising a cutter, a tracer assemblage including a tracer head, a movable mount supporting the cutter and tracer assemblage in coupled relationship, a pressure fluid system including a, valve embodied in the tracer assemblage, a movable carrier on the mount for the cutter responsive to the valve when the tracer head is made to follow the variable contours of a master by the movements of the mount, means for displacing the tracer assemblage to set the tracer head away from the master, and means for then locking the erstwhile movable carrier to the mount so that the movements of the mount pro-v duce straight line cuts of the cutter, said means including an ,abutment carriedby one of the parts, a screw secured to the other of said parts and slidable within the abutment, and clamp nuts adjustably mounted on the screw for movement in a desired clamping engagement with the abutment to lock the screw against translation with respect thereto,

7. A machine of thecharacter described comprising a. revoluble cutter, means for supporting the cutter in cutting relationship to the work, said means including a mount, counter-balancing means for the mount including a lead screw, and a nut journalled on the mount being in threaded engagement with the lead screw for adjusting the mount in reference to the lead screw, said nut providing the-indirect suspension of the mount from the counter-balancing means and enabling iii the cutter, means for vibrating the-head casting so as to move the cutter into ahd out of the work, counter-balancing means including a pendent lead screw, and a nut journalled on the saddle casting, being in threaded engagement with the lead screw to indirectly suspend the supporting means from the counter-balancing means, and utilize the dead weight of saidsupporting means in stabilizing the point of the cutter regardless of its in and out movements.

h. A machine ofthe character described comprising a revoluble cutter, supporting means for supporting the cutter in cutting relationship to its work, said supporting means including a sad- H ll iii

die casting, counter-balancing means for the saddle casting including a cable having a weight and a lead screw pendent from its respective ends, a sheave supporting the bight oi the cable, and a hut journalled on the saddle casting being inthreaded engagement with the lead screw for suspending the saddle casting indirectly.

iii. in a machine of the character described, a revoluble cutter, a head casting carrying the cutter, and including a cylinder, a saddle casting by which the head casting is slidably supported, it piston in the cylinder having means by which it is shared to the saddle casting, means adapted to deliver pressure fluid into either end oi the cylinder thereby to reciprocate the head casting. and means with which to lock the head casting when it is desired to prevent reciprocations, said means including a lug on the head casting, a screw amxed to the saddle casting and loosely occupying a hole in the lug, and nuts on the screw at each side of the lug, being adapted to be driven into jamming relationship with the lug.

ii. in amachine of the character described, it revoluble cutter, a fluted spindle to which the cutter is coupled, a quill in which the spindle is revoluble, a saddle casting, cutter driving means carried by the saddle casting having splined encasement with the flutes of the spindle, a head casting slidably carried by the saddle casting, said head casting having a bore containing a portion oi the quill, means providing a non-turning but clidable engagement of the quill with the bore, and means for adjusting the quill in the bore so as to set the cutter at various distances from the head casting without affecting the slidable function of the latter.

12. In a machine 01' the character described. a

revoluble cutter, supporting means by which the cutter is carried, pressure fluid operable means tor raising and lowering the supporting means, comprising a cylinder having a plunger and shaft, and means connecting the supporting means to the shaft and being adjustable inreferenoe to the shaft thus to set the cutter in respect to its work independently of said raising and lowering means.

13. In a-machine of the character described, a revoluble cutter, "supporting. means by which the cutter is carried, pressure 'fluid operable means ior raising and lowering the supporting means, comprising a cylinder having a plunger and a screw shaft, and a nut journalled upon the supporting means, being in threaded engagement with the screw shaft and being turnable to raise and lower said supporting means upon the screw shaft and to set the cutter in'respect to its work independently of the raising and lowering means.

14. In a machine of the character described, a revoluble cutter, supporting means carrying the cutter, a-base movably carrying the supporting means, pressure fluid operable means carried by the base and coupled to the supporting means for raising and lowering the supporting means, means for adjusting the supporting means in respect to the base independently of said fluid operable means, and means for moving the base in a plane different from that in which the supportingmeans is raised and lowered.

15. In a machine of the character described, a base structure, a revoluble cutter, a tracer assemblage including a tracer head, common supporting means by which the cutter and tracer head are carried in coupled relationship, a foundation upon which to attach a master and a piece of work for the purposes or the tracer head and cutter, and a bed casting having a top guide portion and a master and work support, both in upstanding relationship to the base structure, said bed structure having an upstanding peripheral flange defining a recess :below the guide and support to receive cuttings from the work.

16. In a machine of the character described, a cutter, a saddle casting carrying said cutter, pressure fluid responsive means for reciprocating the saddle casting so as to cause the cutter to traverse a piece of work, a pressure fluid system in which said responsive means is connected, a base cast-- lng having means on which the saddle casting is guided and upon which the responnve means is supported, a reversing valve mounted on the base casting, the latter having ducts embodied therein coupling the pressure illuid system to the 3g responsive means and to the valve, a ported plug embodied in said "valve for shunting the fluid flow into the alternate ends oi said responsive device, and means loosely connecting the saddle casting to said valve plug tor producing automatic reversals oi said plug as the saddle casting reciprocates.

l'l'. In a machine of the character described, a tracer assemblage including a universallymovable tracer head and a valve responsive thereto, and a cutter, fluid pressure responsive means under control or said valve upon which said assemblage and cutter are mounted in coupled relationship to either'make point or side ccntact with the upright'surtace or margin of a master and a piece of work, a second pressure fluid responsive means for reciprocating the firstnamed responsive means in a plane at, right angles to the axis of the cutter, a pressure fluid system inwhich both means are connected, said system including a manually operable valve which is set to cause the operation 0! the hutnamed responsive means, a reversing valve automatically actuated as saidfirst-named moans moves in its diverse plane, thereby to control the second pressure responsive means for causing the movements of said flrst named means in said diverse p1ane,'means for shitting the first named responsive means'so that the tracer head and cutter engagemargins o! the master and work,-- means for then neutralising the reversing valve so that its function is suspended in respect to the second named responsive means. and means for shifting the position of the manual valve, transterring the function of the tracer head control valve from the flrst responsive means to the second responsive means.

I 18. In a machine of thecharacter described, a

' tracer assemblage and a cutter in coupled relationship, a piston valve included in said assemblage having a spring tending to move it in one direction, a head casting by which the couple is carried, pressure responsive means for actuating the head casting, a pressure fluid system in which the valve and said responsive means are con- 75 nested, supplying pressure fluid to one end of the responsive means for moving the head casting in one direction while the piston valve remains displaced by the pressure on the spring,

- and a reversing valve connected in said system,

I and cutter couple for traversing the upright surfaces respectively of a contoured master andof a piece of work, a saddle casting, a pair of pressure responsive means connected to the saddle casting, one of said means being movable in one direction in reference to the saddle casting and carrying the tracer head and cutter couple, the,

other one of said means causing the movement oi the saddle casting in a different direction, a pressure fluid system, a valve embodied in said assemblage for controlling the fluid in said systern, said valve including a tracer head-controlled cylinder, a high fluid pressure passage and adjacent passages communicating with the respective pair of pressure responsive means, and a manual valve also in said system to shunt the pressure fluid to eitheiresponsive means, so that the vibrations of the valve cylinder will cause reciprocation either of the saddle casting or of said one responsive means.

20. A hydraulic control system for a duplicatin machine of the type including a support for the work and master, a support for the cutter and tracer, a pair of slides intervening said supports for eflecting their adjustment in two angularly related directions and pressure responsive devices for efiecting movement of the slides, said system including a source of hydraulic pressure fluid, a valve for controlling the flow of fluid to the pressure responsive devices a tracer directly reacting on said valve for varying the hydraulic reaction (thereof, and additional valve means for determining the coupling ofthe pressure fluid to cum of said pressure'responsive devices by way of or exclusive of the tracer actuated valve.

21. A hydraulic. control system for a duplicat- I ing machine of the type including a support for the work and master, a support for the cutter and tracer, a pair of slides intervening said supports for effecting their adjustment in two ans'ularly related directions and pressure responsive devices for effecting movement of the slides,

said system including a source of hydraulic pressure fluid, a valve for controlling the flow of fluid to the. pressure responsive devices, a tracer directly reacting on said valve for varying the hydraulic reaction thereof, additional 'valve' means for determining the coupling of the pressure fluid to one of said pressure responsive de- "actuable reversing valve.

assua e vices by way of or exclusive of the tracer actuated valve, and additional valve means for determining the directional eflectiveness of the tracer controlled pressure fluid supply as respects said pressure responsive device.

22. A hydraulic control system for a duplicat ing machine of the type including a support for the work and master, a support for the cutter and tracer, a pair of slides intervening said supports for effecting their adjustment in two angularly, related directions and pressure responsive devices for effecting movement of the slides, said ,system including a source of hydraulic pressure fluid, conduits coupled with the pressure responsive devices and variably connectible with the source of pressure fluid, and a series of control valves for determination oi. variable couplings of the fluid to the devices including a reversing valve normally biased for one direction of fluid coupling, a tracer stylus mounted for reaction on the valve to eflect reversal thereof, and a selector valve in series with said biased valve and settable effectively to couple the latter with one or the other of said pressure responsive devices.

23. A hydraulic control system for a duplicating machine as in claim 21 wherein anadditional serially disposed valve is employed to reverse the effect of the bias of the stylus actuated valve as respects the coupled pressure responsive device.

24. A hydraulic control system as in claim 21 wherein an additional valve mechanism is provided for couplingthe pressure fluid to a pressure responsive device exclusive of said stylus actuated valve.

25. In a hydraulic duplicating machine con-, trol system of the character described, the combination with a hydraulically responsive device for effecting reciprocations of a cutter, the combination with conduits coupled withsaid device, of a first pump having its output coupled to said conduits to produce actuatlngpressure therein, a second pump having its intake coupled tosaid conduits, a reversing valve shiftable variably to determine the couplings of the respective pumps with the pressure responsive device conduits, and

rection and additional valve means are provided for'disconnecting the flrst pump and connecting the second, pump with the pressure responsive means during said biased position of the stylus mmmp LEO with

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