US2234891A

US2234891A - Shaving implement

Info

Publication number: US2234891A
Application number: US178221A
Authority: US
Inventors: Bruecker John
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1937-12-06
Filing date: 1937-12-06
Publication date: 1941-03-11
Anticipated expiration: 1958-03-11

Description

arch 11, 1941.. J. BRUECKER SHAVING IMPLEMENT 3 Sheets-Sheet l Filed Dec. 6, 193'? I I l l I I I I I I I I l l I 0 0 0 0 0 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 0 8 8 0 0 0000 O O O O O 3 Sheets-Sh eet 2 J. BRUECKER SHAVING mrwum'r Filed Dec. 6, 193'? March 11, 1941.

J. BRUECKER SHAVING IMPLEMENT Filed Dec. 6, 1937 3 Sh eetsSheet 3 talented Mar. 11, 1941 2,z3 i,8. lll

SHAVING Lhhl l'l .lolhn Brneclrer, @hieago, lll. Application December 6, llldll, denial l te. l'lhttll 2r Claims. (bl. rt-iil This invention relates to shaving implements lmown as dry shavers and to improvements on the invention of my Patent No. 2,081,694, granted May 25, 1937.

One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a generally improved dry shaver embodying principles of my prior invention.

Another object of the invention is to provide improved cutting means.

Another object is to provide improved means for removing long or loose hairs.

Another object is to improve the assembly and cooperation of parts.

Another object is to improve the commercial form of the invention.

Among the further objects of my present invention are: to provide a skin-engaging member ofv extremely thin material and reenforcing or supporting means therefor serving to improve the cutting efl'iciency and also to make for simple and easy replacement; to provide means to insure precision cooperation between the cutting members and to avoid the misassembly of these parts; to provide improved means for releasably locking the normally stationary cutting member in working position; to provide improved means for supporting and operating the movable cutter;

to provide improved means for preventing the cut hair and foreign particles incidental-to shaving from reaching the cutter driving means; to provide a head assembly of improved construction; and to provide an improved housing structure and assembly of cooperating parts.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from a consideration of the following description in connection with the accompanying drawings.

Referring to the drawings- Figures 1 and 2 are side views-of an electric shaver embodying m invention, viewed from the side and end, respectively, of the cutting head;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged development View of a preferred form of the skin-engaging cutting member;

I Fig. 3a is a further enlarged fragmentary view of the; opening for clipping long hairs;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary section taken substantially'on the section line 4-4 of Fig. 2,

with some of the parts in elevation;

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view taken substantially on the section line 5-5 of Fig. 4, with some of the parts in elevation;

Fig. 6 is a top view of the head assembly casing, per se;

Fig.7 is a plan section substantially on the line ll-ll of Fig. 5 with the head assembly removed;

Fig. .e is a perspective view partly broken away of the skin-engaging cutting member also referred to hereinafter as the replaceable cutter unit or the comb;

Fig. 9 is a perspective view of the oscillating cutter;

Fig. 10 is a vertical section on an enlarged scale taken longitudinally throughthe head assembly;

Fig. 100 is a further enlarged fragmentary section illustrating the cooperative relation between the movable and stationar cutting members at the upper right hand corner of Fig. 10;

Fig. 11 is an enlarged section on the section line t5 of Fig. 4; and

Fig. 12 is a fragmentary section taken on thesection line l2-l2 of Fig. 11. r

The present invention involves improvements. particularly adapted for use with my patented invention above mentioned which embodies certain new principles of construction and operation characterized in one of its phases by an extremely thin skin-engaging cutting member in a curved form having hair-receiving openings and a movable cutter rapidly traversing the inner side of the curved member and bodily urged into shearing engagement therewith. The skin-engaging member is preferably 'of extremely thin spring steel flexed to semi-circular-form and a single cutter blade is oscillated at high speed across the inner side of the curved member and is bodily urged both by spring force and centrifugal force into shearing engagement with the inner side of said member. The present invention in one of its phases deals with improving the efficiency of the cutting members. This will. be first described.

Referring particularly to Figs. 3, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12, it will be observed that the skin-engaging cutting member designated generally by the reference numeral 2|] is a part of what may be termed a replaceable cutter unit, this unit in the present embodiment of my invention including means for retaining and supporting the member 20 in permanent curved form. The means here employed comprisesa series of arcuate ribs 2| and- 22, preferably semi-circular or substantially so, connected and held in fixed relative relation by longitudinal members 23. The parts 2|, 22, and 23 make up, as it were, a light but rigid skeleton frame which serves to reenforce, support, and hold the extremely thin skin-engaging member in permanent shape. The member 20 may be of any material suitable for 2,182,066, granted December 5, 1939, the material is blanked out to a shape similar to that indicated by the full and dotted line rectangle 2%, Fig. 3, and the blank is perforated byone or more punching operations to provide the desired hair-receiving openings in a given area and also hair-discharging openings 25fianking this area. After the lapping or honing operation to form sharp cutting edges at the inner side of the comb, as disclosed in my above mentioned application, the blank is cut off at the ends to the shape shown by the edges 26 or to any suitable shape depending on the method or means of attaching this member: to the supporting frame. A preferred method is to tightly stretch the thin cutting member over the frame and while so held, unite it to the frame by soldering, brazing, or

welding, preferably along its longitudinal marfor reenforcing and retaining the thin cuttingmember permanently in the desired curved shape and that the preferred embodiment involves the Provision of arcuate reenforcing ribs permanently united to the thin member. This construction gives new results. It makes for quick and easy installation and .removal of the thin cutting member; and this is particularly desirable for inspection, cleaning, and replacement of the cutting parts. It facilitates locking and accurately holding the comb member in working position. It is also an important factor in obtaining a high degree of precision in the shearing relation between the movable cutting member and the cutting edges of the hair-receiving openings in the curved member, as will be presently apparent. Referring now to the shape of the cutting edges, I prefer to employ small, annular; closely positioned hair-receiving openings 21 through the central portion of the cutting area as disclosed in my application above mentioned. These are particularly effective beardsize holes having cutting edges at the inner side for regular shaving. My present invention provides an additional type of opening in said cutting area for the close shaving of long and loose hairs. The latter type is characterized by an elongated opening 23 extending crosswise of the central perforated area and having a series of small teeth 29 along one or both longitudinal sides. In the preferred embodiment an opening of this type is formed ateach end of the central cutting area, but my invention contemplates the provision of any number of this type of perforation in combination with perforations of the type such as 21, or alone. As shown, the'perforations in the thin cutting member are arranged in cooperative relation with the ribs 2i and 22, the central rib 22 serving to support and reenforce the central closely perforated area, the

outermost ribs 22 serving a similar function with respect to both the central perforated area and the small teeth of the elongated perforation, and the outermost ribs Zl the same function with respect to the small teeth at the outer end. Because of the relatively small dimensions and shape characteristics of the teeth in the elongated openings, I have arranged the ribs in as close proximity to the teeth as practicable, and this serves to promote precision shearing relation between the movable cutter and the cutting edges ofithe teeth. As a practical illustration of my invention the circular openings, each intended for reception of an individual hair, have an internaldiameter of approximately .024 to .025 of an inch. The elongated openings having an over-all width of approximately .085 of an inch with a clearance of approximately .035 of an inch between the inner ends of the opposed teeth, and approximately .012 of an inch spaced between each tooth. Now, referring to Figs. 3a

and 10a, it will be seen that the cutter blade 30 is slotted or recessed at its cutting edge to provide a clearance space 3! around the adjacent rib 22 and a clearance space 32 beneath the central opening between the small teeth 29. The recess 32 extends back of the terminal, end of each tooth 29 so that the teeth actually overhang or overlap the cutter approximately .005 of an inch. By reason of this construction each tooth has opposed cutting edges 33 of an effective cutting 'length of approximately .020 of an inch. These dimensions are for the Purpose of illustrating the principles of my invention and it will be understood that my invention in its broader aspect is not to be limited to the particular shapes and dimensions described throughout this specification. .The oscillating cutter blade is preferably of razor blade steel of approximately .020 of an inch in thickness. After blanking and hardening the blade it is ground on both sides to a final thickness of approximately .015 of an inch and the cutting edge is lapped to a perfect right angle to the sides. The blade is maintained in precision relationship to the inner side of the thin cutting member and is rapidly oscillated in a cutting action by means which will be presently described. The construction of the cutting member gives new results. The slots 3| in the face of the blade give the desired clearance around the ribs 22. The slots 32 have particular utility in combination with the elongated openings in providing clearance for the hair to enter into the spaces between the small teeth 29. The construction is effective for cutting long and loose hairs. The hairs are free to work into the slot-like portion of theelongated openings and to be snared beneath the angular edges or corners of the small teeth, thereby crossing the effective cutting edges of the teeth and being severed by the cutter. Cutting of the 'skinis avoided by reason of the cutter relief effected by the slots 32 and also by the fact that the teeth overhang the edges of the cutter, as above described. The combination of both types of openings in a common cutting area gives greater shaving efiiciency because the round openings are Particularly effective for regular shaving where the beard hairs grow straight out. or nearly so, and the elongated openings are effective for irregular, long or loose hairs, such as are sometimes found along the neck growing almost flat against the surface of the skin. In

this arrangement the longitudinal edge of the cutter blade has in effect, a line contact from till end to end of the cutting area 'of the thin perforated comb member, being interrupted only for clearance of the ribs and the non-cutting slot portions of the longitudinal openings. The con struction is particularly advantageous and desirable with the use of an extremely thin skinengaging cutting member of the character con templated by my invention. With this construction I am able to obtain a high degree of precision in the shearing engagement between a large number of individual cutting edgesin a large; cutting area, a maximum period of openingfor reception of the hairs between shearing engagements, and minimum friction. Furthermore, the rapidly moving cutter blade has a definite'fan action which aids in keeping the the comb cool.

The replaceable cutter uhit above described is in this embodiment of my invention supported on the end walls 34 of a head casing designated generally by 35. This casing in turn-seats in a deep rectangular. socket 36 formed in one end of a main housing designated generally by 31. This housing has semi-circular projections 38 which extend flush with the outer face of the skin-engaging member 20 as shown clearlyin Figs. 1 and 4 and are well rounded at the corners, thus serving to prevent the sharp edges of the cutting member from scratching or marring the skin. The head casing is preferably in the form of a die casting having end walls 34 (above mentioned) joined by side walls 39 and a bottom wall it joining theside walls. 'Ihis'casing is secured in position by screws 41, Figs. 4 and 7, which pass through the bottom'wall 4B and are threaded into the main housing 37. The bottom wall has an opening 4i through which extends driving means for operating the movable cutter. The upper end of the head casing 35 is open for reception of the cutter when the cutter unit is removed. The cutter unit, in actual practice and for convenience termed the comb, is held in the working position by locking means releasable preferably by finger pressure to permit of quick and easy removal. vides for this purpose a pair of spring pressed plates it normally holding the cutter unit or comb in fixed working position and being releasable by finger pressure to permit removal of the comb. Each plate is pivoted intermediate its ends on a pin 43 which is supported on lugs i l projecting from the head casing. A suitable spring it coiled about each pin is arranged so that its opposite ends have an expanding action tilting to force the upper end of each presser plate inwardly to engage its end 46 in a recess ll in the conib and urge the comb down to a seated position on the end walls 3 t. Each end wall prdvides a semi-circular seat for the comb and this seat is preferably reduced to a series of two'or more accurately finished seating points it. This enables the seat tobe easily kept clean and provides for greater accuracy in supporting the comb in the working position. I Inward movement of the lower ends of the presser plates is arrested by bosses 49. The presser plates 42 are comparatively broad to facilitate finger pressure and each plate has a small projection at its upper end 46 which enters a recess 41 in the comb. As shown, the presser plates conform to the contoiu' of the main housing and also provide a smooth, continuous surface flanking eachside of the comb, so that there are no sharp or projecting edges which might irritate or scratch the skin during use of the shaver.

My invention pro.- A

The cutter blade 30 is carried on an oscillating holder in the form of a rock-shaft 50 located cutting member 20. The friction forces between the blade and its holder are reduced to a minimum consistent with the desired support of the blade'so that the full advantage of centrifugal action of the blade is obtained when it is oscillated at a high speed of operation. In order to accurately locate theblade with respect to the cutting member 20 and to insure replacement in the same position I have provided a transverse slot 53, Fig. 10, moms side of the blade holder adapted to receive a location lug 54 projecting laterally from the blade. This does not interfere with radial movement of the blade'but it accurately determines its, location lengthwise. This is important because of the precision desired in thecooperative relation between the cutting edges of the blade and the cutting edges of the small teeth 29. It also serves to maintain precision cooperation between the movable cutter and the stationary cutter throughout their length, thus insuring that the cutting edges will be maintained in the same cutting relation. This is desirable because the action of the rapidly oscillating blade has a wearing-in effect against the inner surface of the member 20 which promotes self-sharpening and greater efilciency in cutting. In order to further insure precision location of the comb with respect to the blade so that the cutting edges will always match, I have provided locating means which permit of replacing the comb only in the proper manner. To this end, locating slots at are formed in the under side of the comb adjacent to one end. as shown in Figs. 8 and l2 to receive complemental lugs W formed on the top side walls of the head casing, sumcient clearance being provided at the bottom of theslot's as shown in Fig. 12 so that the comb will seat or bottom against the sup porting shoulders 48 when held down by the looking means in the working position.

The blade holder shaft is suitably journaled at its ends in bearings 55 in the end walls 34 of the casing 3%. Provision is made for separating the casing into an upper'hair-receiver compartment and a lower drive compartment so that the cut hair and other foreign particles resulting from shaving will not have access to the drive compartment. This purpose is served in the present instance by reason of the general design and arrangement of the parts making up the head assembly shown in Fig. 10, and by a partition member fifi shown in Figs. and 11. This partition member closes the entire rectangular opening in the top of said casing shown in Fig. 6 and noted by 51, thepartition member extending over and seating upon the top surfaces of the end walls ,39 and being slotted at each edge to allow clearance for the upstanding location bosses 58.

The partition member 56 may be sprung into position or otherwise suitably secured; and the order of installing this member will be presently noted in describing the assembly of the parts.

My invention also contemplates improved means for oscillating the cutter blade at a high speed. In the preferred embodiment an electric motor is used for driving the blade oscillating means although it will be appreciated that any suitable power means may be used. I have shown the armature shaft 60 and brush casings 6| of an electric motor of the universal type. The shaft 60 suitably journaled in a bearing 62 supported in the main housing 31, has a threaded end 63 extending into the drive compartment of the head assembly. To the end 63 is threadedly secured an eccentric having novel driving connection with the rock shaft. In the present embodiment a cylindrical eccentric drive pin 64 operates between opposed parallel bearing faces 65 which are carried by a yoke-shaped bracket 66, the ends 61 of which are fixedly connected to the ends of the rock-shaft 50 as shown clearly in Fig. 10. The bearing faces may be of suitable material but I prefer to employ fine weave linen Bakelite which has exceptional wearing qualities and provides electric insulation. The facings 65 are separated by spacers 68, Fig. 10, and are confined between these spacers and the members 69 of the yoke-shaped bracket. The eccentric drive pin 64, preferably of hardened steel, is fixed to a supporting pin 10 which is machined from a connector part II. This part II and the insert bushing 12 are united by a Bakelite molding I3 to provide, in effect, a single part eccentric hub insulated from the armature shaft. The part 1| has a slot 14 across the top for application of a screw driver or the like when assembling. V The eccentric pin is located on an angle with respect to its axis of rotation, this angle being equal to the angle of the drive bracket when at the end of its stroke or throw. By reason of this arrangement a full line contact will bemaintained at all times between the sides of the eccentric pin and the bearing faces on the drive bracket or yoke- This gives an exceptionally eflicient drive.

One of the phases of my invention, as stated in the preface, is the improved construction and assembly of parts. The main motor housing 31 is a one-piece casting or molding of Bakelite or the like. Thishousing is hollow and open at the bottom to receive the motor parts and when the motor is installed, as disclosed more fully in a separate application for patent, the housing and motor constitute a complete unit. To this unit may be added the eccentric drive pin which is applied through the 'open socket 36 at the opposite end of the housing, a screw driver or the like being used to tighten the eccentric pin connector on the shaft. The head casing 35 will now be inserted into the socket 36 and secured in position by the screws ll. In making this assembly, the cutter unit or comb, the blade and the partition member 56 are not included for the reason that it is necessary to insert the screw driver past the partition location in order to apply the screws 4|. At this time the eccentric pin is, of course, inserted between the drive bracket faces. The partition 56 will then be applied. Following this it is only necessary to insert the alade and attach the cutter unit or comb. This completes the assembly of the shaver. The motor is preferably of such power characteristics as to oscillate the blade at approximately 14,000 single stroke movements per minute, the motor operating at 7,000 revolutions per minute. My invention is' not, however, limited to this speed of operation and I have obtained satisfactory results in speed ranges from approximately 8,000 to 20,000 stroke movements per minute.

In the use'of my invention it is not necessary to work the shaving head against the face with hard or severe pressure; instead, exceptional shaving results are obtained by lightly but firmly working it over the face. In View of the large cutting area and its curved shape the shaver may be operated at any suitable angle. And by reason of the improved shape and arrangement of the cutting edges long and loose hairs as well as the more straight growing hairs are cut off close. While the invention is intended primarily for cutting the heard it is adapted for removing hair from other parts of the body.

The ornamental designs portrayed in the drawings are the subject matter of Design Patents No.

111,573 and 111,574 granted October 4, 1938..

Features pertaining to the electric motor and the assembly of the motor in thehousing are claimed in a separate application for patent Serial NO:- 209,232, filed May 21, 1938. The methods or processes involved in the manufacture of the perforated cutting member and the comb are likewise being claimed in a separate application.

It will be apparent to those skilled in this art that the improvements herein disclosed are adapted for conjoint use and that these improvements in certain phases and combinations are adapted for use with other constructions and arrangements. It should be manifest, therefore, that my invention is not limited to the details of construction herein disclosed but is capable of embodiment in other forms and combinations within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In a' shaver, a skinengaging cutting member of thin metal perforated to provide an elongated hair-receiving opening having spaced teeth along its opposite longitudinal sides projecting into said opening, said member being flexed to arcuate form transverse to the length of the elongated opening.

2. In a shaver, a skin-engaging cutting member of thin metal having a slot-like opening and teeth along one side thereof projecting thereinto, said member being curved so that the slot openirig isin an arc, a cutter to traverse the inner side 0 .form transverse to the length of the elongated opening, said opening having an over-all width of approximately .085 of an inch and the opening between the inner ends of the teeth being approximately .035 of an inch in width.

. 4. In a shaver, a skin-engaging cutting member of thin metal perforated to provide an elongated hair-receiving opening having spaced teeth along its opposite longitudinal sides, said member being of arcuate form transverse to the length of the elongated opening, said opening having an over-all width of approximately .085 of an inch and the opening between the inner ends of the teeth being approximately .035 of an inch in width, and a cutter acting against the inner side of the cutting member and shaped to traverse in a cutting action the side edges of the individual til teeth from a point spaced slightly away from the end of each tooth continuous to the base thereof.

5. In a shaver, a skin-engaging cutting member of thin metal perforated to providean elongated hair-receiving opening having small teeth projecting inwardly thereinto from opposite sides, the over-all width of said opening being approximat'ely .085 of an inch and the space between the inner extremities of the teeth being approximately .035 of an inch, a cutter mounted to move in a plane parallel with the length of said opening having cutting edges in shearing relation with cutting edges of the small teeth from the base thereof to a point approximately .005 of an inch inwardly from the terminal end of each tooth, and means for so moving the cutter.

6. In a shaver, a thin curved skin-engaging cutting member having hair-receiving openings, a flat cutter blade, a rock-shaft supporting the cutter blade and operable to oscillate 'the cutter blade across the inner side of the curved cutting member, the blade being mounted on the rockshaft for free bodily movement outwardly against the curved member by means including provision for removal and replacement of the blade, and coasting locating parts operative between the blade and the rock-shaft to necessitate a given end of the blade being located at a given end only of the shaft when the blade is in operating position.

7. In a shaver, a thin curved skin-engaging cutting member having hair-receiving openings,

a flat cutter blade, a rock-shaft supporting the cutter blade and operable to oscillate the blade across the inner side of the curved cutting member, the blade being replaceably mounted on the rock-shaft for free bodily movement outwardly against-the curved member, the rock-shaft having connection with the blade insofar as endwise location is concerned by only a single radially extending slot located off-center toward one end, and the blade having a laterally projecting location lug adapted to enter said slot tothereby necessitate a given end of the blade being located at a given end .only of the first mentioned cutting member when the blade is in operative position.

8. In a shaver, a skin-engaging member of thin material having small hair-receiving openings closely spaced in a central area and having an elongated opening extending crosswise of said area, said member having cutting teeth extending into its elongated opening and having cutting edges disposed crosswise thereof, a cutter to move across the inner side of said member having shearing action with the edges of the small openings and with the crosswise edges of said teeth but having relief from the ends thereof, and means to so move the cutter.

9. In a shaver, a replaceable cutter unit comprising a strip of thin spring steel flexed to armate form and supported in such form by a series of arcuate shoulders located adjacent to the ends of the strip and at an intermediate point, the strip being perforated in the areas between the arcuate shoulders to provide in one area small closely positioned hair-receiving openings and in another area an elongated hair-receiving opening having a series of cutting teeth along one longitudinal side.

1o. Ina shaver, a replaceable cutter unit comprising a strip of thin spring steel flexed to arm-- ate form and supported in such form by a series of acuate shoulders located adjacent to the ends of the strip and at an intermediate point, the

strip being perforated in the areas between the arcuate shoulders to provide in one area small closely positioned hair-receiving openings each of a character for receiving an individual hair and in another area'an elongated opening of a character to receive long hairs and having a series of individual cutting edges and spaces permitting said hairs to enter into cutting relation'with said edges.

11. In a shaver, a skin-engaging member of thin material in a curved plane having small hair-receiving openings closely spaced in a central area and an elongated opening extending crosswise of said area at each end thereof, said member having cutting teeth along one side of each elongated opening, a cutter to move across the irmer side of said member having shearing action with the edges of the small openings and with the teeth of the elongated openings, means to so move the cutter, and a support for the curved member at the inner side thereof including ribs disposed between the elongated openings and the central area, the cutter being recessed at points along its cutting edge for clearance of said ribs.

12. In a. shaver, a stationary curved cutting member having hair-receiving openings, a cutter blade eoacting with the inner side of the curved cutting member, a cutter holder mounted to oscillate about an axis approximately concentric with the curvature of the stationarycutting member, a power driven shaft on an axis at right angles l3..'In a shaver, a hollow head having end walls and connecting side walls and open at the top and bottom, a stationary cutting member removably supported on the head across the open top, a cutter disposed within the head' to move in a cutting action across the inner side of the stationary cutting member, a rocl -shaft journal ed at its ends in the end wallsand. serving to support the movable cutter and to oscillate it in a cutting action, a partition closing the cuttercarrying end of the head from the open bottom, a yoke disposed within the hollow head beneath the partition having its ends connected to the ends of the rock-shaft and operable to oscilate said shaft and the cutter, and driving means extending through the open bottom of the head for oscillating the yoke.

- 14. In a shaver, a casing having an outer hairreceiving compartment and an inner drive compartment separated by a partition structure to prevent passage of cut hair from the outer to the inner compartment, an arcuate cutting member across the outer end of the hair-receiver compartment having hair-receiving openings, a cutter within the hair-receiver compartment to coact with the cutter member, a rock-shaft disposed at the hair-1 eceiver side of the partition and-journaled at its ends in the casing, the rockshaft serving to support the cutter and oscillate it in a cutting action, and means connected to the ends of the rock-shaft and extending into the drive compartment for "oscillating the shaft. 1

\ compartment having hair-receiving openings, a

cutter within the hair-receiver compartment to coact with the cutter member, a rock-shaft disposedlat the hair-receiver side of the partition and journaled at its ends in the casing, the rockshaft serving to support the cutter and oscillateit in a cutting action, and driving means located in the drive compartment and connected at least to one end of the rock-shaft for oscillating it for imparting oscillating motion thereto.

16. In a shaver, a hollow head having end walls and connecting side walls and open at the top and bottom, 'a stationary cutting member removably supported on the head across the open top, a cutter disposed within the head to move in a cutting action across the inner side of the stationary cutting member, a rock-shaft journaled at its ends in the end walls and serving to support the movable cutter and to oscillate it in a cutting action, a partition closing the cuttercarrying end of the head from the open bottom, a yoke disposedwithin the hollow head beneath the partition having its ends'connected to the ends of the rock-shaft and operable to oscillate said shaft andthe cutter, and driving means extending through the open bottom of the head for oscillating the yoke, said yoke having spaced parallel bearing surfaces, and said driving means being rotatable about an axis at right angles to that of the rock-shaft and having an eccentric driving element interposed between said bearing surfaces and disposed on an angle equal to the angle of the yoke when at the end of its stroke.

1'7. In a shaver, a housing. structure, cutting means including a replaceable cutter unit of permanent form removably supported on the housing structure, and locking means on the housing structure for releasably holding the cutter unit in working position comprising pivoted presser plates at the exterior of the housing structure each spring pressed in one direction to urge its upper end into engagement with the replaceable cutter unit to hold it seated in'working position and operable by finger pressure to release the cutter unit and permit quick removal there of.

18. In a shaver, a housing having a motor in one end and a socket in the opposite end, a cutter head assembly constituting a unit removably mounted in said socket including a replaceable cutter unit at its outer end and cutter operating means at its inner end, a driving connection between the motor shaft and the cutter operating means,'the housing being peripherally recessed at opposite sides ofthe head assembly, and locking means carried by the head assembly and disposed in said recesses including locking elements normally engaging the replaceable cutter unit to hold it in operative position and releasable by finger pressure inwardly from opposite sides to release said cutter unit and permit quick removal thereof from the head assembly.

19. In a shaver, a housing having a motor in one end and a socket in the opposite end, a cutter head assembly constituting a unit removably mounted in,said socket including a replaceable cutter unit at itsouter end and cutter operating means at its inner end, a driving connection bemeans, the housing being exteriorly recessed at opposed sides of the head assembly unit, and

locking means carried by the head assembly unitand' disposed in said recesses including locking elements normally engaging the replaceable cutter unit to hold it in operative position and releasable by finger pressure inwardly from opposite sides to release said cutter unit and permit quick removal thereof from the head assembly unit, said locking elements comprising pivoted presser plates each spring pressed in one direction to urge its upper end into engagement with the replaceable cutter unit to hold it seated in working position and operable by finger pressure inwardly against its lower end to release the cutter unit and permit removal thereof. 7

20'. In a shaver, a head assembly comprising a head casing, a stationarycutting member removably supported on the head casing, a movable cutter, a cutter-supporting shaft mounted on the head casing and operable to move the cutter in a cutting action with respect to the stationary cutting member, means mounted on the head casing for normally locking the stationary cutter member in working position and operable for releasing it to permit its removal from the head casing; a main housing carrying a motor; said head assembly constituting a unit in combination with the motor-carrying housing, the unit being removably mountable as such on said housing; means for operating the cutter shaft from the motor; and means in the head casing partitioning the cutter containing portion thereof from the means for operating the cutter shaft.

21. In a shaver, a head assembly comprising a head casing, a stationary cutting member removably supported on the head casing, a movable cutter, a cutter-supporting shaft mounted on the head casing and operable to move the cutter in a cutting action with respect to the stationary cutting member, and means mounted on the head head casing; a main housing carrying a motor;

said head assembly constituting a unit in combination with the motor-carrying housing-the unit being removably mountable as such on said housing; and means for operating the cutter shaftirom the motor. I

.22. In a shaver, a motor housing having a socket in one end; a head assembly constituting a unit removably mounted in the socket, said assembly ,including a casing havinga hair-receiver compartment at its outer end and a drive compartment at its inner end separated by a partition; cutting means carried on the casing including a stationary skin-engaging cutting member at the outer end of the hair-receiver compartment, a

movable cutter within said compartment, and

I casing at the outer end of the socket and being tween the motor shaft and the cutter operating I removable therefrom, a cutter mounted wtihin the casing and operated by the driving means in a cutting action in cooperation with the stationary lit nearest 7 cutting member, the stationary cutting member being semi-circular and having its outer face substantially flush with the outer face of the semi-circular housing extensions.

v 24:. A shaving implement comprising a sup porting frame having longitudinal members connected by curved ribs, a thin resilient shearing plate conformed to the curvature of said ribs and extending at its edges into proximity to the longitudinal members of the frame, means permanently uniting said edges to said longitudinal memhere for positively securing the plate to said supporting frame, and a cooperating movable shearing member.

25. In a shaver, a cutter comb of thin metal having a central area provided with small closely positioned openings adapted to receive individual hairs for close shaving and having at opposite sides of said area in close proximity thereto, a series of slot-like openings each closed at the end adjacent to the central area and having opposed parallel cutting edges and being open at the end remote from said area, and movable cutting means coacting with the inner side of the comb to simultaneously operate in shearing engagement with the cutting edges of said small openings in the central area and said parallel cutting edges adjacent thereto, said cutting means being relieved from said parallel cutting edges adjacent to the outer ends thereof and said slot-like openings extending outwardly beyond said relief and forming projecting teeth adapted to engage long hairs to facilitate the entrance of such long hairs beneath said cutting edges.

26. A cutter comb for a dry shaver comprising cutting member to the frame with said cuttingmember conforming to said locating surfaces of the longitudinal side members and the rib members, said structure constituting a form sustaining replaceable unit.

27. A cutter comb for a dry shaver comprising a skin-engaging member of thin resilient metal having hair-receiving openings with cutting edges at one side, a skeleton supporting frame for said member having longitudinal side members connected by a series of arched rib members, said frame members being relatively rigid and having surfaces precision shaped to accurately support and determine the operative location of the cutting member with respect to the frame members with the cutting edge side seated against the frame, the side edges of the cutting member extending into coacting relation with said longitudinal side members, and means permanently uniting said side edges to said longitudinal side members to positively secure said cutting member to the frame with the cutting member conforming to said locating surfaces, said structure constitut ing a form sustaining replaceable unit,

JOHN BRUECKER.