US2234237A - Coating - Google Patents

Description

Patented Mar.11,1941 l 2,234,237 I' UNITED STATES PATENT oi-Flcs IT. Herbert E. Feist, New York, N. Y. Application October 31, 1936, Serial No.- 108,611

1 Claim. (Cl. 91--68) y My invention relates to the' finishing of the throughout and is pliable to a certain degree, so surface of objects of any kind, and more parthat it maybeappliedto backings of metal, Woodticularly to a coating material adapted t be work, `fibre-board and may withstand small applied to backings of any kind, such as to surchanges of the length of the surface of such 5 faces of walls, wallboards, woodwork, potteries, backings. Furthermore, the mass is re-resist- 5 metals and other materials and to a method for ant. The hardened coating may be burnishedl the production of decorating coatings on. said under application of, pressure, whereby the above surfaces. mentioned minute pores on the surface will be One of the objects of my invention is to provide closed and the surface obtains a high-,glossy apa non-inflammable coating material, whichin Demme-While the thus treated mass may form 1 plastic condition is applied to. a surface, may be theilnal coating of an object or article, still more provided with a relief design while being in plastic attractive and new eects may be obtained, if

condition and dries and hardens in the air in such the hardened mass is used as an intermediate laya way, that prior to the drying the mass applied er and a covering of metal particles is depositedk to the surface smooths to a certain degree, so thereon and secured thereto. Said covering 0r .15

that the nnal relief has no sharp ridges or peaks. finishing may be applied either to the entire sur- Another object of my invention is to' provide face of the intermediate layer or to parts thereof a plastic coating material, which after the hardonly, for example to the projecting or raised parts ening results in a solid mass having minute pores of the relief. Hereinafter I describe several meththroughout and may be burnished...1mder the odsfor the productionof coatings with coverings, 20

application of pressure. whereby the term "metallized coating shall indi- Still another object of my invention is to procate; that the coating is provided with a metal vide methods to apply and permanently secure a `covering.

metalliccovering to parts or the entire surface \In the accompanying drawing several embcdi- 25 of a coating applied to a backing, such as the ments of my coating are illustrated. r

surface of a wall, wallboard, woodwork, metals... Fig. 1 shows a fractional top plan view of a potteries and other materials in a manner, which backing, a wall for example, to the surface of may be carried out by any person withcut`dimwhich my new coating provided with a relief culties. design is applied.

A further object of my invention consists in Fig. 2 showsa cross-sectional view of the back 30 the production of metallized or gilded picture ing, taken on line 2-2 of Fig 1- frames, whereby the hitherto necessary plurality Fig. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of avportion of intermediate layers; which substantially conof the backing in an enlarged scale, illustrating sist of a mixture of gypsum and glue, and the laythe interstices or pores on the surface of the 35 .er of a polishable material or materials may be coating.

omitted, so that the expenses for the production Fig. 4 shows a cross-sectional view similar to are considerably `decreased and minimized. Fig. 3, whereby, however, the coating forms an In order to carry out my invention into pracintermediate layer and the surface thereof is protice, I mix ground minerals consisting of one vided with a metal covering or finishing, so that 40 or ay plurality of the following groups as silicates, a metallized coating is obtained.

volcanic minerals or calcareous minerals, with According to one embodiment of my invention binding means containing at least two different to produce a metallized coating, I apply the glues. Preferably, the minerals used have dierabove mentioned pasty mass to-the surface of ent sizes of grain-and degree of hardness. The a backing, such asl of aA wall or an article, by

addition of water to such a mixture results in a means of a brush or a spraying gun. Thenv a re- 45 plastic mass, which may be applied to the backing lief design is imparted to the plastic coatingr in either by hand' or by a mechanical process'. By the above mentioned manner, and the coating means of suitable tools, such as a brush, a comb, obtains the appearance as shown in Figs. 1 .and 2. a roller, a sponge, a spatula or the like, a relief After the drying and hardening of the coating design may be imparted to the'plastic coating or intermediate layera metal brush with. thin 50 being still wet, if desired. On exposure to air bristles (metal wires) of a diameter of less than .l the coating dries and hardens thereby enhancing mm. is rubbed on the surface of the intermediate the strength of the material or the object, to layer. The material of the bristles used for this which it is applied. The hardened mass has purpose may be a metal or a metalalloy, such minute and hardly visible pores or interstice's as gold, silver, copper, brass. bronze, nickel-silver 55 Cil liquid binder,

rubbed on the entire moistied surface or a part or even steel. Although the hardness of the metal. or metal alloy may be higher than the average hardness of the composition forming the intermediate layer, particles of the metal are Vdetached or rubbed' olf from themetal bristles during the rubbing operation by means of those mineral grains interspersed in said composition, which have a hardness higher than the hardness of the metal. The detached metal particles settle in the pores or interstices (see Fig. 3) on the surface of the mass and fill out the pores, as shown in Fig. 4. Thereupon the metal layer deposited on the intermediate layer may be polished by means of a polishing tool or burnisher under the application of pressure. 'Ihe tool may be made vof agate for example. During this polishing operation the detached metal particles are firmly pressed into the pores and interstices of the surface of the mass and displaced in such a way, that they form a covering or nishing, which has the appearance of an uninterrupted, smooth and bright metal covering. f

Another method to metallize a part or the Whole of thesurface oi' the hardened intermediate layer consists therein, that a round piece of metal is l rubbed on the surface of the layer. The metal particles detached from the rod consisting of a metal or metal alloy are deposited in the pores or interstices of the surface. If the metal rod is .drawn over or rubbed on the` layer under the application of sufcient pressure, a special subsequent polishing operation by means of a polishing tool may be omitted, as the metal covering produced by the rod obtains a suiilcient smoothness 4 and brightness.

The coating mass and the metal covering, which'are produced according to either one of the above mentioned methods, may .be protected against the iniluence of the atmosphere by a protecting or decorating layer of varnish or lacquer thereon.

Still another methodfor the production of a metallized coating surface of the intermediate layer applied to the backing; is moistened by means of water or a whereupon a metal powder is thereof by means of a cloth or brush. The metal covering thus formed is polished by means of a burnisher or the like under the application' ofv pressure. Subsequent to the polishing operation applied to the metal covering to pro- Instead of rst moistening the surface of the intermediate layer, it is also possible to/prepare a suspension of ametal pow-v der in a suitable binder and to apply same immediately on the surface-'of the hardened intermediate layer Without moistening same, Then the metal covering thus obtained is polished in the manner mentioned above. Finally, a protecting layer of lacquer may be applied to the metal covering, lf'desired. Similar to the methods mentioned in the 'foregoing paragraphs, these two methods may be used for the production f metallized coatings on walls, wall-boardsor other a lacquer is tect. and fix' same.

,material as well as on the surfaces of articles oi consists therein, that thev sign. Thereupon a layer of a polishable material is applied to said uppermost layer, so that the metal layer applied thereon subsequently may adhere to the intermediate layers and may be polished. According to my new methods a single intermediate layer of my composition is sullicient, and the metal covering may be applied directly thereon. Apart from the fact, that at least quite a number of steps, i. e. the application of the plurality of intermediate layers and of the layer of polishable material, are omitted and a saving on working time is obtained, my picture frame is superior tol the hitherto known frames, as it consists of a hard and solid mass, While the gypsum frames are formed by a fragile andvbrittle mass.

A further method to produce new and attractive metallic eiiects on a hardened intermediate relief layer with projecting and depressed parts consists therein, that a layer of varnish, which may be colored or non-colored, is applied to the hardened intermediate layer, whereupon a metal powder is deposited on said layer of varnish by spraying, blowing or powdering thereon, while the varnish is still Wet. As the powder is lighter than the varnish, the powder remains substantially on the projecting parts of the relief design, while the depressed parts are coveredwith varnish only, i. e. the depressed parts remain free from metal; powder. While preferably the intermediate relief layer is formed by my new coating material, as it enhances the adherence of. the particles of the covering to the relief layer, any other composition, which hardens, may be used.

Coloring earths, pigment colors or lake colors, which are alfkali resistant to a certain degree, may be added to the mixture, if desired. VSuitable coloring earths are ochre, umber and sienna for example, suitable pigment colors are cobalt-blue, ultramarine-blue, etc., and suitable lake colors are lithol-red, Hansa-yellow, etc.

An important feature of my inventionis the use oi' minerals, which have diiferent sizes of grain and degree of hardness. Such ground minerals may be silicates, granite, basalt or lava having a hardness/of 6-8 according to the scale of hardness (Mohs scale) and a size of grain allowing 45 tov 50% to pass through a sieve of 325 mesh per sq. inch, /65 to '70% to pass through a sieve of'200 mesh per sq. inch, 75 to 80% to pass through a sieve of 100 mesh per sq. inch, 95 to 100% to pass through a sieve of'50 mesh per sq.

inch. Other ground minerals are limestone or chalk having a hardness of 3-5 according to the scale of hardness (Mohs scale) and a size of /grain allowing to 60% to pass through a sieve of 325 mesh per sq. inch, to 75% to pass through a sieve of 200 mesh per sq. inch, to to pass through a sieve'of 100 mesh per se inch, to pass through a sieve of 50 mesh per sq. inch.

casein, albumin, a resin emulsion or the like, `and water are adapted to be uged as binding means. Y Y

My invention., will be illustrated by the following: y

` Example Parts by weight Ground basalt 32 Ground limestone 27 Ground lava 18 Coloring means 4 are thoroughly mixed with' each other, whereby the minerals have the 'of hardness as mentioned above. In order to size of grain and degreeA bind the powdery materials, a solution is pre- What I claim is: pared, which consists of 20 parts of weight of An article of manufacture having on its surcasein mixed with 50 parts of weight of water, face a coating comprising an intermediate layer to which 4 parts of weight of borax dissolved of ahardened composition of amixture of ground- 5 4in 10 parts of water are added. Furthermore, 2 minerals, coloring matter and binding means, Darts 0f Weigh-ii 0f resin Soap produced by bOiisaid minerals being selected from the group coning 8 mixture 0f 10 Paris 0f Weight 0f resin and sisting of silicates, volcanic minerals and cal- 2 parts of Weight of calcined Soda and 100 Darts careous minerals, the minerals used having diiof weight of water are added Such an amount v ferent size of grain and degree of hardness, seid l0 of the combined liquids is added to the mixture binding means containing a mixture of two dif- Of minerais and coloring means, that a thick ferent glues, one of said gluesbeing deposited paste 1s obtained. This paste may be diluted from s mixture consisting of substantially 2o with Water, S0 that a maSS iS Pldued. Which parts of weight of casein mixed with substantialhas a consistentie permitting it to e applied 0n A1y 4 parts of weight of borsx dissolved in sub- 15 e backing by means 0f a brush Spatula 0r Spreyi stantiaiiy 1o parte of weight e: water, the other en After the application 0f -the mass t0 the glue being deposited from a mixture consisting backing by means 0f a brush Spatula 01' Sprayer of substantially 2 parts of weight of a resin soap a relief design is given to the mass' which is produced by boiling a mixture of substantially Stm in Pasti' Condition by means of 9' Toner 10 parts of weight o resin and substantially 2 20 c'Iohmb, spatula, brush or any other suitable tool. vparts of weight of calcined soda and substantially et? the tass causedniio haffden to forma' 100 parts of weight of water, and said composiga n'l bi1' i hardeb ng niilzf Igassit'lhe tion having interstices on the surface, and a top yer us o a ne may e me a d y e er layer of metal particles, said top layer being anone of the above described methods.

25 I have described preferred embodiments of my ixoled in said interstices of said intermediate invention but it is clear that numerous changesand omissions may1 be madewithout departing HERBERT E. FEIST.

from the spirit of my invention.

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