US2230205A - Process of connecting a metal body to a vitreous ceramic body - Google Patents

Process of connecting a metal body to a vitreous ceramic body Download PDF

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Publication number
US2230205A
US2230205A US301071A US30107139A US2230205A US 2230205 A US2230205 A US 2230205A US 301071 A US301071 A US 301071A US 30107139 A US30107139 A US 30107139A US 2230205 A US2230205 A US 2230205A
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United States
Prior art keywords
metal
coated
vitreous
melting point
solder
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US301071A
Inventor
Davidge H Rowland
Carl D Croskey
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LOCKE INSULATOR Corp
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LOCKE INSULATOR CORP
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Priority to US301071A priority Critical patent/US2230205A/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
    • C04B37/02—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles
    • C04B37/023—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used
    • C04B37/026—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used consisting of metals or metal salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/12—Metallic interlayers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/12—Metallic interlayers
    • C04B2237/124—Metallic interlayers based on copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/12—Metallic interlayers
    • C04B2237/125—Metallic interlayers based on noble metals, e.g. silver
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/12—Metallic interlayers
    • C04B2237/126—Metallic interlayers wherein the active component for bonding is not the largest fraction of the interlayer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/32—Ceramic
    • C04B2237/34—Oxidic
    • C04B2237/341—Silica or silicates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/32—Ceramic
    • C04B2237/34—Oxidic
    • C04B2237/343—Alumina or aluminates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/55—Pre-treatments of a coated or not coated substrate other than oxidation treatment in order to form an active joining layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/72—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least two interlayers directly next to each other

Definitions

  • This invention relates to insulators and more particularly to a method of coating insulators with a metal to thereby facilitate the solder connection between the metal coated insulator and 6 the cooperating metallic part.
  • One object of our invention is to provide in connection with a ceramic insulator a simple. inexpensive porcelain-to-metal seal, the metal being so bonded to the ceramic insulator as to form a joint therewith which is leakproof so far as air, gas or liquids are concerned.
  • the present process is for an entirely different purpose, that is to form a metallic coating of appreciable thickness which is so bonded to the insulator as to firmly permanently adhere thereto.
  • the ceramic body is now connected to the metal member and this may be done by first placing the hardware or metallic member to which it is wished to attach the ceramic body on the ceramic body adjacent the tin metallic coating. and filling the intervening space, between the metallic body or hardware and metallic coating of the ceramic body, with solder. It is preferable that the hardware or metallic body also be tinned prior to the soldering operation but if desired a flux may be used and such prior tinning of the hardware avoided.
  • the parts are slowly heated to approximately 220 0., at which time the metal in the joint between the hardware and the metallic coated ceramic body will level off and form a perfect bond which, as we have previously stated, will withstand pressure up to one hundred (100) pounds per square inch without leaking and will withstand violent changes in temperature, that is temperature cycles from boiling water to ice water without fracture or leaks.
  • the processor connecting to a metal coating on a. vitreous body, a metallic member, said process comprising spraying the vitreous body with an alloy including lead, antimony and tin, heating the coated body to a temperature less than the melting point of said alloy, submersing said heated body in a solder having a temperature greater than said heated body and less than the melting point of said alloy and finally bringing the metallic member adjacent said coated surface and filling the intervening space with solder.
  • a process for connecting a metal body to a vitreous body comprising coating a vitreous body with a thin layer of type metal, heating the coated body to a temperature less than the melting point of said type metal, submersing said heated coated body in a solder having a thermal temperature less than the melting point 01' said type metal, removing said coated vitreous body from said solder, associating a metal body with said coated vitreous body and applying e molten solder to the assembly at the juncture of said coated vitreous body and metal body.
  • a process for connecting a metal body to a vitreous body comprising spraying a type metal on a roughened surface of a vitreous body, heating the coated vitreous body to a temperature less the coated vitreous body and the metal body, and
  • the process of connecting a metal body to a vitreous body comprising applying by means of a spray a coat 01' alloy composed substantially of 85% lead, antimony and 5% tin to said vitreous body, heating said coated body, submersing said heated coated body in a metallic molten mass having a melting point less than said alloy, associating a metallic body with the coated surface of the vitreous body, and applying a molten metal composed of approximately 50% each of lead and tin to the joint between the metal body and the metal coating formed on said vitreous body.
  • a process of connecting a metal body to a vitreous ceramic body comprisingsubjecting said vitreous body to a metallic spray formed of an alloy of lead, antimony and tin to thereby-cover a predetermined portion of said vitreous body with a thin coating of the said alloy, subsequently heating said coated vitreous body to a temperature less than the melting point of saidalloy, submersing said heated body in a bath of solder to thereby overlay the first alloy coating with a second coating of solder, tinning a metal body, assembling said tinned metal body with the coated portion of said vitreous body, allowing said parts to cool, and thenapplying a solder at the juncture,

Description

Patented Jan. 28, 1941 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Davidge H. Rowland and Carl D. Croskey, Baltimore, Md., assignors to Locke Insulator Corporation, Baltimore, Md., a corporation of Maryland No Drawing.
8 Claims.
This invention relates to insulators and more particularly to a method of coating insulators with a metal to thereby facilitate the solder connection between the metal coated insulator and 6 the cooperating metallic part.
One object of our invention is to provide in connection with a ceramic insulator a simple. inexpensive porcelain-to-metal seal, the metal being so bonded to the ceramic insulator as to form a joint therewith which is leakproof so far as air, gas or liquids are concerned.
Other objects and features of the invention will be hereinafter pointed out, the novel features being set forth in the appended claims.
15 In carrying out our process or method we utilize the disclosure of the co-pending application of the party Rowland, Ser. No. 204,613, filed April 27, 1938, in order to produce a mat glaze and for convenience of reference there is set 20 forth herein a portion of the disclosure of the said co-pending application. A portion of the glaze is formed by mixing with the ceramic glaze material approximately thirty-five percent (35%) of pulverized aluminum oxide. This 25 glaze mixture is then applied to the desired part of the insulator or other ceramic body in the usual way by spraying, brushing or dipping and upon the firing of the ceramic body there is formed in the surface of this 30 finished glaze coating a plurality of undercut indentations or craters, of course of minute size. To this glazed surface, asin the co-pending application, we apply a metallic coating by means of a Schori metal spray gun. As disclosed in said 35 co-pending application, it is possible by this Schori process to apply to this prepared glazed surface a coating such as copper or the like, the principal object of which is to-form a conducting surface.
40 The present process is for an entirely different purpose, that is to form a metallic coating of appreciable thickness which is so bonded to the insulator as to firmly permanently adhere thereto.
We have found that by making a mixture of ap- 45 proximately eighty-five percent (85%) lead, ten percent (10%) antimony and five percent (5%) tin we produce a form of type metal which has a melting point of approximately 245 C. It has, therefore, a great advantage over copper and like 60 metals since even when it is sprayed on a ceramic body by quickly repeated passes of the metal gun it is impossible to heat the body of the insulator to a temperature higher than the melting point of this metal. Not only is this true but it is also a true that the temperature of the porcelain or Application October 24, 1939, Serial No. 301,071
ceramic body surface and metal is substantially the same so that each cools from the same point and there is no tendecy to disrupt the continuity of the bond between the sprayed metal and the porcelain. 5 After having applied this metal coating, as above described, we now place the insulator or other ceramic object in an oven and bring the temperature thereof to approximately 160 C., which is approximately eighty-five (85) degrees below the melting point of the metal and hence does not in any way affect the surface or the bond between the ceramic member and the sprayed metal.
During the heating of the ceramic coated body we provide a solder pot containing approximately fifty percent (50%) lead and fifty percent (50%) tin and bring the temperature of this mixture to approximately 220 C., at which temperature we maintain such mixture. I'he ceramic object, having been heated to 160 C. is then removed from the oven and may be immersed in the solder pot in order to tin the metal coating by submerging the same in this solder solution for a period of approximately five seconds. The tinning of the coated portion of the ceramic body does not disturb the bond between such metal coating and the body, primarily because the temperature is still below the melting point of the sprayed body.
After the tinning process has been completed the ceramic body is now connected to the metal member and this may be done by first placing the hardware or metallic member to which it is wished to attach the ceramic body on the ceramic body adjacent the tin metallic coating. and filling the intervening space, between the metallic body or hardware and metallic coating of the ceramic body, with solder. It is preferable that the hardware or metallic body also be tinned prior to the soldering operation but if desired a flux may be used and such prior tinning of the hardware avoided. After the solder has set the parts are slowly heated to approximately 220 0., at which time the metal in the joint between the hardware and the metallic coated ceramic body will level off and form a perfect bond which, as we have previously stated, will withstand pressure up to one hundred (100) pounds per square inch without leaking and will withstand violent changes in temperature, that is temperature cycles from boiling water to ice water without fracture or leaks.
It has been known that coatings of gold, silver and platinum can be applied to ceramic bodies to degree.
Having thus described our invention, what we claim is:
l. The processor connecting to a metal coating on a. vitreous body, a metallic member, said process comprising spraying the vitreous body with an alloy including lead, antimony and tin, heating the coated body to a temperature less than the melting point of said alloy, submersing said heated body in a solder having a temperature greater than said heated body and less than the melting point of said alloy and finally bringing the metallic member adjacent said coated surface and filling the intervening space with solder.
2. The process of connecting to a metal coating on a vitreous body, a metallic member, said process comprising spraying a thin coat of alloy of lead, antimony and tin on the vitreous body, heating the coated body to a thermal temperattur less than the melting point 01 said alloy, submersing said heated body in a molten mass comprising fifty percent lead andfifty percent tin for a relatively short time; said molten mass at the time of said submersion having a temperature less than the melting point of said alloy and greater than said heated body and finally bringing the metallic member adjacent said coated surface and filling the intervening space with solder.
3. The process of connecting to a metal coating ona vitreous body, a metallic member, said process comprising spraying a thin coat or a metal alloy on a roughened surface of a vitreous body, heating the coated body to a temperature less than the melting point of said metal alloy, submersing said heated body in a heated solder having a thermal temperature less than the melting point of said metal alloy and finally bringing said members closely adjacent the coated surface of said vitreous members and filling the intervening space with solder. s
4. A process for connecting a metal body to a vitreous body comprising coating a vitreous body with a thin layer of type metal, heating the coated body to a temperature less than the melting point of said type metal, submersing said heated coated body in a solder having a thermal temperature less than the melting point 01' said type metal, removing said coated vitreous body from said solder, associating a metal body with said coated vitreous body and applying e molten solder to the assembly at the juncture of said coated vitreous body and metal body.
5. A process for connecting a metal body to a vitreous body comprising spraying a type metal on a roughened surface of a vitreous body, heating the coated vitreous body to a temperature less the coated vitreous body and the metal body, and
finally heating the entire assembly to a temperature substantially equal to the melting point of the solder.
6. The process of connecting a metal body to a vitreous body comprising applying by means of a spray a coat 01' alloy composed substantially of 85% lead, antimony and 5% tin to said vitreous body, heating said coated body, submersing said heated coated body in a metallic molten mass having a melting point less than said alloy, associating a metallic body with the coated surface of the vitreous body, and applying a molten metal composed of approximately 50% each of lead and tin to the joint between the metal body and the metal coating formed on said vitreous body.
'7. The process of connecting a metal body, to a vitreous body comprising applying a coat of alloy of lead, tin and antimony to said vitreous body,
heating said coated body, submersing said heated coated body in a metallic molten mass having a melting point less than said alloy, associating said metallic body with the surface thus formed on said vitreous body, applying a molten metal having a melting point around 220 C. at the juncture of the metal body and said vitreous body, said molten metal having a melting point less than the melting point ofsaid alloy, and subsequently heating the entire assembly to a tempera-. ture less than the melting point of said alloy so that the metal at said juncture, will level ofi. to form a bond between the metalbody and vitreous body.
8. A process of connecting a metal body to a vitreous ceramic body comprisingsubjecting said vitreous body to a metallic spray formed of an alloy of lead, antimony and tin to thereby-cover a predetermined portion of said vitreous body with a thin coating of the said alloy, subsequently heating said coated vitreous body to a temperature less than the melting point of saidalloy, submersing said heated body in a bath of solder to thereby overlay the first alloy coating with a second coating of solder, tinning a metal body, assembling said tinned metal body with the coated portion of said vitreous body, allowing said parts to cool, and thenapplying a solder at the juncture,
of said metal body and vitreous body.
DAVIDGE H. ROWLAND. CARL D. CROSKE'Y.
US301071A 1939-10-24 1939-10-24 Process of connecting a metal body to a vitreous ceramic body Expired - Lifetime US2230205A (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2467046A (en) * 1945-10-27 1949-04-12 Victor J Mincieli Method of metal spraying plaster of paris articles
US2686958A (en) * 1950-11-14 1954-08-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method of coating and bonding
US2805944A (en) * 1953-09-16 1957-09-10 Sylvania Electric Prod Lead alloy for bonding metals to ceramics
US2859415A (en) * 1952-09-03 1958-11-04 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ultrasonic acoustic wave transmission delay lines
US3011013A (en) * 1958-11-19 1961-11-28 Asea Ab Method for connecting concentric members
US3055465A (en) * 1956-04-07 1962-09-25 Telefunken Gmbh Metal-to-ceramic joint and method of forming
US3103067A (en) * 1959-08-13 1963-09-10 Westinghouse Electric Corp Process of soldering to a ceramic or glass body

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2467046A (en) * 1945-10-27 1949-04-12 Victor J Mincieli Method of metal spraying plaster of paris articles
US2686958A (en) * 1950-11-14 1954-08-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method of coating and bonding
US2859415A (en) * 1952-09-03 1958-11-04 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ultrasonic acoustic wave transmission delay lines
US2805944A (en) * 1953-09-16 1957-09-10 Sylvania Electric Prod Lead alloy for bonding metals to ceramics
US3055465A (en) * 1956-04-07 1962-09-25 Telefunken Gmbh Metal-to-ceramic joint and method of forming
US3011013A (en) * 1958-11-19 1961-11-28 Asea Ab Method for connecting concentric members
US3103067A (en) * 1959-08-13 1963-09-10 Westinghouse Electric Corp Process of soldering to a ceramic or glass body

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