US2229090A - Switching of spare repeater sections - Google Patents

Switching of spare repeater sections Download PDF

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Publication number
US2229090A
US2229090A US296891A US29689139A US2229090A US 2229090 A US2229090 A US 2229090A US 296891 A US296891 A US 296891A US 29689139 A US29689139 A US 29689139A US 2229090 A US2229090 A US 2229090A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
spare
regular
transmission
facility
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US296891A
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English (en)
Inventor
John P Kinzer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AT&T Corp
Original Assignee
Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc filed Critical Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority to US296892A priority Critical patent/US2229108A/en
Priority to US296890A priority patent/US2229089A/en
Priority to US296893A priority patent/US2229158A/en
Priority to US296891A priority patent/US2229090A/en
Priority to GB11628/40A priority patent/GB543841A/en
Priority to FR869045D priority patent/FR869045A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2229090A publication Critical patent/US2229090A/en
Priority to BE441443D priority patent/BE441443A/xx
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/52—Circuit arrangements for protecting such amplifiers
    • H03F1/54—Circuit arrangements for protecting such amplifiers with tubes only
    • H03F1/542—Replacing by standby devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/74—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission for increasing reliability, e.g. using redundant or spare channels or apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J1/00—Frequency-division multiplex systems
    • H04J1/02—Details
    • H04J1/16—Monitoring arrangements

Definitions

  • This invention relates to broad band transmission systems such as multichannel carrier current signaling systems.
  • the invention is applicable to open by, 'tvire circuits, wire cable and coaxial cable circuits, it relates to problems which become especially significant in circuits carrying a large number of signal channels, suchas coaxial cables.
  • circuits In such circuits it is customary to use a large 10 number of line repeaters in tandem spaced at intervals which may be as short as five miles or even less, with several unattended repeaters between attended repeater points, a section between such attended points being perhaps fifty or 15. one hundred miles long.
  • a failure or a degradation in the operation of any element or ele- 'ments in the circuit occurs, such as a tube failure, it q isually means that the whole facility fails or isiiegraded, and this may involve several hundred no signal channels in the circuit.
  • I provide certain spare facilities and the purpose of 'the invention is to ar- 30 range for the substitution of such facilities in place of the regular facilities to such extent as is needed in case: of failure. Another purpose is to make this substitution in such manner as to reduce to a minimum any interruption or any ir- 3 regularity in the transmission of the various signals or types of signals which are being transmitted. This latter is a matter of importance where high speed telegraph is present, either alone or superposed on other signaling currents, the prac- 40 tical requirement being that the interruption shallbe something less than one millisecond.
  • Fig. 1 represents in a schematic manner a signaling circuit adaptedfor broad band or multichannel signaling
  • Fig.2 shows in some detail a circuit arrangement which may be used in one of the sections of 50 Fig. 1; and I Figs. 3 to 7 show various modifications of Fig. 2.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a view of thesections which may make up a broad band signaling circuit such as a coaxial 55 cable.
  • Each section extends in general from one attended repeater point to the next attended re peater point and between these points there will be a plurality of repeaters which will normally be unattended but will be associated with the attended points.
  • each section will comprise a regular circuit normally used for transmission over this distance.
  • a. spare facility parallel to and substantially identical with the regular facil- 10 ity.
  • I replace it by the spare thisreplacement being made by manual or electrical operation of suit- 3 able switches in a manner which introduces a '15 minimum amount of disturbance to any signals being transmitted at that moment.
  • the switching operation is performed electrically it may be from separate points or from a single point, such as an attended point.
  • it may be initiated manually, on the appearance of some alarm signal, or automatically by relying on a change in a pilot signal present on the transmission circuit.
  • the regular facility having been removed from the transmission path, may be repaired or restored to normal action and then reintroduced, with removal of the spare facility.
  • a hybrid coil H1 connects from the receiving end of the previous section to the transmitting end of the section in question.
  • the output of the hybrid coil contains connections to both the regular and the spare facilities, the regular facility being connected at points I and 2 and the spare facility being connected at the points 3 and t.
  • this terminal network there is included an impedance Z1.
  • Switches A. and C are supplied across the inputs of the two facilities. The adjustment of impedances is such that if the switch C is closed placing a short across the input terminals of the spare, then signal voltage appears across the points I and 2. If, however, the switch C is opened, then signal voltage will, in general, appear across I and 2 and across 3 and 4.
  • a second hybrid coil Hz is provided with one winding connected to the output of the regular facility.
  • the output of the spare facility is one element of a network including the other windings of the hybrid coil and the impedance Z2.
  • Switches B and D are connected acrossthe outputs of the two facilities and the adjustment of the impedanoes in the network is such that when the switch D is closed, thus shorting the output of the spare facility, signal voltage over the regular facility is impressed through the hybrid coil across the points 5-6, which are the input terminals of the transmitting end of the following section. If, on the other hand, the switch D is opened, then the signal arriving simultaneously over the regular and spare facility is transmitted to the next section.
  • switches C and D are closed and A and B are open. Transmission takes place through the regular channel, but the spare facility takes no part in the signaling and may be removed for other purposes, if desired.
  • the spare facility is patched in by the opening of switches C and D simultaneously, or as near simultaneously as possible, and the transmission then takes place over both regular and spare circuits. Switches A and B are now closed simultaneously and transmission is then through the spare facility only. The regular facility may now be disconnected for repairs or such other purposes as are desired.
  • impedances Z1 and Z2 may be made such that these conditions are met.
  • there will be s0me loss incurred in the hybrids in which event it may be desirable to incorporate an auxiliary amplifier shown at 8 in the output of the hybrid coil to compensate for the loss of level.
  • an auxiliary amplifier shown at 8 in the output of the hybrid coil to compensate for the loss of level.
  • Fig. 4 in which the impedance Z1 is so chosen that the points F and A are conjugate when switch C is opened.
  • Z1 equals the impedance looking to the right from point C.
  • the impedance Z2 is so chosen that the points B and D are conjugate.
  • the impedance looking to the right of point G is as follows:
  • Switches A and B are opened, C and D are closed.
  • the energy coming from the amplifier at point F divides between the impedance Z1 and the regular circuit at point A.
  • the energy going into Z1 is dissipated and the remainder goes over the regular facility.
  • the energy coming from the output of the amplifier at B divides between impedance Z2 and the circuit at point G.
  • Switch C is now opened.
  • the energy from the output of amplifier F now divides equally between Z1 and the circuit at C.
  • transmission now takes place over the spare facility.
  • the output of the amplifier at D is the same as the former output of the amplifier at B.
  • the energy coming from the output of the amplifier at D divides between impedance Z2 and the circuit at point G in the same ratio as formerly.
  • the over-all transmission remains the same as previously.
  • FIG. 6 A further modification for the circuit at the receiving end of the section is shown in Fig. 6.
  • the impedance Z2 is made equal to the impedance ZA looking into the auxiliary amplifier and the transformer is made of unity turns ratio. Under these conditions the points B and D are conjugate and the transmission from B to G and from D to G are equal. This is because the voltage drop across Z2 is equal to the voltage drop across ZA (assuming transmission from B to G).
  • the transformer is so poled that the voltage across the winding 3-4 opposes the voltage across ZA. This results in zero voltage across the output of the amplifier at D during transmission from B to G.
  • FIG. 7 This circuit is characterized by the fact that the hybrid coil at the transmitting end of the section is avoided, the spare facility being bridged across the line through a high loss pad Ill with an amplifier A7.
  • the bridging pad causes a negligible loss in the transmission through the regular facility when bridged across the regular transmission line.
  • Such a bridging path may be left permanently connected or may be bridged without interruption of the transmission because of the negligible loss which it introduces.
  • the bridging amplifier A7 compensates for the loss in the bridging pad, the combination of the pad and the amplifier having essentially zero equivalent.
  • switch D is normally closed and switch B open so that the power from the amplifier at B divides between Z2 and G.
  • point B becomes conjugate with point G so that transmission now takes place from D to G and none from B to G.
  • Switch B can now be closed and the regular facility disconnected at station B.
  • Points B and G may be made conjugate by making Z2 equal to the impedance looking to the left from switch D. Suitable adjustment of the transmission through the two facilities should be made so that power transmission from B to G with switch D closed equals that from D to G with switch D opened.
  • a regular facility and a spare facility in said line means for so associating these to the line at the transmit end and at the receive end of the facilities that the transmission shall be the same whether over the regular facility alone, over both regular and spare simultaneously, or over the spare alone, and that the transition from the one condition to the other shall be smooth.
  • a regular facility and a spare facility which may be substituted for the regular facility, a six-terminal network at the transmit end of'the facility with one pair of terminals F connected to the line going to the facility, one pair A to the input of the regular, and one pair C to the input of the spare facility, the network being such that with the pair C inoperative for transmission, transmission takes place to A and with C operative for transmission, no transmission takes place to A.
  • a regular facility and a spare facility both normally connected in the transmission line, means for so associating these to the line that the one may be substituted for the other, said means comprising a six-terminal network at the receive end of the facility with one pair of terminals G connected to the line going out from the facility, one pair B to the output of the regular facility, and one pair D to the output of the spare facility, the network being such that with the pair D shorted transmission takes place from B, and with D opened transmission takes place therefrom but no transmission takes place from B.
  • a regular facility connected between two points and a spare facility adapted to be substituted therefor, means for associating the facilities to the line comprising a six-terminal network at the transmit end of the facilities with one pair of terminals F connected to the line coming to the facility, one pair A to the input of the regular, and one pair C to the input of the spare facility, the network being such that with the pair C inoperative for transmission, transmission takes place to A and with C operative for transmission, no transmission takes place to .
  • a communication system comprising a section of broad band signaling line subject to impairment of service, an identical section serving as a spare, means for substituting the spare section for the regular section, said means comprising at the transmitting end of the section a hybrid coil and network connection from the previous section to the regular section and its spare whereby when the spare is connected the regular section is conjugate to the previous section and a hybrid coil and network connection from the output of the regular and of the spare section to the next line section such that the output circuits of the regular and the spare are conjugate to each other.
  • a communication system comprising a section of broad band signal lines subject to impairment of service, an identical section serving as a spare, and means whereby the spare may be substituted for the regular section
  • said means comprising a network at one end of said section and respective signal transferring connections therefrom extending between each of said sections and a preceding line section, a network at the other end of said regular and spare sections and respective signal transferring connections therefrom extending between each of said regular and spare sections and a succeeding line section, respective shunting contactors across said several connections, and means for operating said contactors to shunt alternatively said regular and spare sections, whereby said regular section can be replaced by said spare section while maintaining series continuity of signaling circuits.
  • a regular circuit connected between two points and a spare circuit adapted to be substituted therefor, means for associating the circuits to the line comprising a six-terminal network at the transmit end of the circuits with one pair of terminals F connected to the line incoming to the circuit, one pair E to the input of the regular circuit and one pair C to the input of the spare circuit, a second six-terminal network at the receive end of the circuits with one pair of terminals G connected ot the line going out from the circuits, one pair E to the output of the regular and one pair D to the output of the spare circuit, the networks being such that transmission over both regular and spare circuits simultaneously is identical to that over either line.
  • a communication system comprising a oneway repeatered section of broad band signaling line subject to impairment of service, an identical like-directed one-way repeatered section of line serving as a spare, a six-terminal network at the transmit end of said sections of line connecting said sections in signal transfer relation with the preceding portion of said system and in conjugate relation with each other, and means at the receive end of said sections of line for connecting them alternatively in signal transfer relation with the succeeding portion of said system.
  • said means at the receive end comprises a six-terminal network, a connection from two pairs of the network terminals to the receive ends of the respective sections of signaling line, a connection from the third pair of terminals to the said succeeding portion of the system, circuit interrupting contactors in said first-mentioned connection normally disabling the said connection to said spare section of line and enabling the said connection to the other of said sections, and means for substantially simultaneously interchanging the condition of said contactors whereby said spare section is substituted in circuit, said network being such that transmission over both of said sections simultaneously is substantially the same as that over either alone.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
US296891A 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections Expired - Lifetime US2229090A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US296892A US2229108A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections
US296890A US2229089A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare channel
US296893A US2229158A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections
US296891A US2229090A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections
GB11628/40A GB543841A (en) 1939-09-28 1940-07-12 Improvements relating to electrical communication systems
FR869045D FR869045A (fr) 1939-09-28 1941-01-07 Systèmes de transmission à large bande
BE441443D BE441443A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1939-09-28 1941-05-14

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US296892A US2229108A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections
US296890A US2229089A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare channel
US296893A US2229158A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections
US296891A US2229090A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2229090A true US2229090A (en) 1941-01-21

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US296891A Expired - Lifetime US2229090A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections
US296892A Expired - Lifetime US2229108A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections
US296893A Expired - Lifetime US2229158A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections
US296890A Expired - Lifetime US2229089A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare channel

Family Applications After (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US296892A Expired - Lifetime US2229108A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections
US296893A Expired - Lifetime US2229158A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections
US296890A Expired - Lifetime US2229089A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare channel

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (4) US2229090A (enrdf_load_html_response)
BE (1) BE441443A (enrdf_load_html_response)
FR (1) FR869045A (enrdf_load_html_response)
GB (1) GB543841A (enrdf_load_html_response)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2478395A (en) * 1943-03-05 1949-08-09 Automatic Elect Lab Automatic by-pass for repeaters
US2552787A (en) * 1946-11-23 1951-05-15 Automatic Elect Lab Channel switching in voice current repeater stations
US2592716A (en) * 1949-03-25 1952-04-15 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Self-correcting amplifier
US2794866A (en) * 1953-03-28 1957-06-04 Philips Corp Device for the transmission of a video signal containing a direct-current component through a transmission cable
US3403357A (en) * 1966-04-14 1968-09-24 Hughes Aircraft Co Switching apparatus for selectively coupling a predetermined number of microwave devices between an input and an output port
US3911372A (en) * 1971-02-08 1975-10-07 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Amplifier with input and output impedance match
US4264894A (en) * 1979-06-18 1981-04-28 Ellington Stephen P Fault bypass for data transmission system
FR2511772A1 (fr) * 1981-08-24 1983-02-25 Inst Francais Du Petrole Dispositif de transmission sequentielle de signaux par radio ou par cable, entre un systeme central de commande et des appareils d'acquisition de donnees

Families Citing this family (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB653966A (en) * 1948-07-13 1951-05-30 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Improvements in or relating to the automatic replacement of defectiye repeating or receiving equipment in high frequency electric communication systems
US2773944A (en) * 1950-08-08 1956-12-11 Bendix Aviat Corp Amplifying system with stand-by channel
US2625613A (en) * 1950-10-04 1953-01-13 Maico Company Inc Tone interrupter for audiometers
US2686256A (en) * 1951-02-06 1954-08-10 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Signal transmission system
US2663010A (en) * 1952-02-01 1953-12-15 Itt Switching system
US2802990A (en) * 1953-08-04 1957-08-13 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Switching system in multiple line multiplex transmission system
DE954796C (de) * 1954-09-25 1956-12-20 Siemens Ag UEbertragungsanlage mit Breitbandkabel mit koaxialen Leitern
US3009133A (en) * 1956-06-25 1961-11-14 Westinghouse Air Brake Co Automatic changeover for carrier circuits
US3111624A (en) * 1960-01-04 1963-11-19 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Automatic system for selectively substituting spare channels for failed working channels in a multichannel multilink communication system
NL260534A (enrdf_load_html_response) * 1960-02-10
US3170071A (en) * 1960-03-30 1965-02-16 Ibm Error correction device utilizing spare substitution
NL267533A (enrdf_load_html_response) * 1960-07-29
US3138781A (en) * 1960-12-21 1964-06-23 Westinghouse Brake & Signal Electronic drive circuits for remote control systems
US3202941A (en) * 1960-12-23 1965-08-24 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High frequency channel switching unit, employing electromechanical contact means
US3248693A (en) * 1961-09-25 1966-04-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Data transmission system for operation in signal environment with a high noise level
US3204204A (en) * 1962-09-26 1965-08-31 Automatic Elect Lab Fast-switching arrangement for the transfer of communication channels
NL6408627A (nl) * 1964-07-29 1966-01-31 Philips Nv Transmissie-inrichting
US3451042A (en) * 1964-10-14 1969-06-17 Westinghouse Electric Corp Redundant signal transmission system
US3319088A (en) * 1964-11-25 1967-05-09 John B Payne Selective delay device
NL6507233A (enrdf_load_html_response) * 1965-06-05 1966-12-06
US3519945A (en) * 1967-09-05 1970-07-07 Bell Telephone Labor Inc System for replacing all or part of a faulty amplifier
US4565972A (en) * 1985-03-18 1986-01-21 Tx Rx Systems, Inc. Tower mounted preamplifier
US5418490A (en) * 1994-03-01 1995-05-23 Tx Rx Systems, Inc. Failure responsive alternate amplifier and bypass system for communications amplifier

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2478395A (en) * 1943-03-05 1949-08-09 Automatic Elect Lab Automatic by-pass for repeaters
US2552787A (en) * 1946-11-23 1951-05-15 Automatic Elect Lab Channel switching in voice current repeater stations
US2592716A (en) * 1949-03-25 1952-04-15 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Self-correcting amplifier
US2794866A (en) * 1953-03-28 1957-06-04 Philips Corp Device for the transmission of a video signal containing a direct-current component through a transmission cable
US3403357A (en) * 1966-04-14 1968-09-24 Hughes Aircraft Co Switching apparatus for selectively coupling a predetermined number of microwave devices between an input and an output port
US3911372A (en) * 1971-02-08 1975-10-07 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Amplifier with input and output impedance match
US4264894A (en) * 1979-06-18 1981-04-28 Ellington Stephen P Fault bypass for data transmission system
FR2511772A1 (fr) * 1981-08-24 1983-02-25 Inst Francais Du Petrole Dispositif de transmission sequentielle de signaux par radio ou par cable, entre un systeme central de commande et des appareils d'acquisition de donnees

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE441443A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1941-11-29
US2229158A (en) 1941-01-21
FR869045A (fr) 1942-01-22
US2229089A (en) 1941-01-21
GB543841A (en) 1942-03-16
US2229108A (en) 1941-01-21

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