US2229089A - Switching of spare channel - Google Patents

Switching of spare channel Download PDF

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Publication number
US2229089A
US2229089A US296890A US29689039A US2229089A US 2229089 A US2229089 A US 2229089A US 296890 A US296890 A US 296890A US 29689039 A US29689039 A US 29689039A US 2229089 A US2229089 A US 2229089A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
circuit
spare
section
regular
circuits
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US296890A
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English (en)
Inventor
Boris J Kinsburg
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AT&T Corp
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Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc filed Critical Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority to US296891A priority Critical patent/US2229090A/en
Priority to US296892A priority patent/US2229108A/en
Priority to US296890A priority patent/US2229089A/en
Priority to US296893A priority patent/US2229158A/en
Priority to GB11628/40A priority patent/GB543841A/en
Priority to FR869045D priority patent/FR869045A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2229089A publication Critical patent/US2229089A/en
Priority to BE441443D priority patent/BE441443A/xx
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/52—Circuit arrangements for protecting such amplifiers
    • H03F1/54—Circuit arrangements for protecting such amplifiers with tubes only
    • H03F1/542—Replacing by standby devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/74—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission for increasing reliability, e.g. using redundant or spare channels or apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J1/00—Frequency-division multiplex systems
    • H04J1/02—Details
    • H04J1/16—Monitoring arrangements

Definitions

  • This invention relates to broad band transmission systems, such as multichannel carrier current signal systems.
  • the invention is applicable to open wire circuits, wire cable and coaxial cable circuits, it relates to problems which become especially significant in circuits carrying a large number of signal channels, such as a coaxial cable.
  • a large number of line repeaters in tandem, spaced at intervals, which may be as short as five miles, or even less, with several unattended repeaters between attended repeater points, a section between such attended points being perhaps fifty or one hundred miles long.
  • a failure or a degradation in the operation of any element or elements in the circuit occurs, such as a tube failure, it usually means that the whole circuit fails or is degraded, and this may involve several hundred signal channels in the circuit. While with great precautions the likelihood of failures or degradation may be very small, the number of channels involved renders it of the greatest importance to make suitable provision in the event that they do occur.
  • My invention relates to such circuits as are described in patent application of I. G. Wilson, Serial No. 296,893, and in patent application of Maggie, Van Tassel and Wilson, Serial No. 296,892, both filed of even date herewith.
  • I provide spare circuit facilitiesand.
  • the purpose of the invention is to arrange for the substitution of such spare facilities or circuits in place of the regular facilities or circuits to 35 other purpose is to make any substitution in such manner as to reduce to a minimum the interruption or irregularity in the transmission of the various signals or types of signals which are being transmitted. Still another purpose is to introduce in such circuits electronic switching which is rapid in its action and to do this in a manner which does not entail mechanical switching in the direct transmission path.
  • Fig. 1 is a circuit showing the use of a regular and a spare section with switching in an electronic path
  • Fig. 2 is a modification of a portion of Fig. 1;
  • Figs. 3 and 4 are more detailed disclosures of circuits which may be used in carrying out my invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a further modification of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 6 shows the application of my electronic switching arrangements to a plurality of regular circuits which are to be serviced by one spare circuit.
  • Fig. 1 there is shown one section of a transmission system with a regular circuit and a spare circuit.
  • the two are associated at their transmit end with the previous section of the system through a hybrid coil H2 so connected that the regular and the spare both receive signal from the previous section but are conjugate with respect to each other and thus, in that respect, completely separate.
  • the two circuits in the section are similarly joined at their receive end with a similar hybrid coil H1.
  • Both the regular and the spare circuits receive signal from the previous section and are excited for their whole length. Provision is made, however, whereby the regular circuit is normally enabled and the spare circuit is normally disabled at the receive end, preferably at the output of the last amplifier.
  • pilot signal operating on switch S2 will remove B battery from the corresponding repeater in the spare circuit, thus disabling the circuit. If pilot signal over the regular circuit fails, then operation of the switches will reverse the situation so that the regular circuit is completely disabled and the spare is enabled, the switching occurring in electronic paths.
  • switches S1 and S2 may take on a wide variety of forms, such as the usual mechanical switching relay, I find it useful in some cases to open or close the circuits of the B batteries by gas discharge devices.
  • the presence of pilot signal of suiiicient magnitude, after detection and. amplification, may be used in any well-known manner to trigger off such a gas discharge device placed in series in the B battery circuits.
  • Fig. 1 electronic switching has been shown as consisting of the connection and disconnection of the B battery, it is obvious that the electronic path may be interrupted in some other manner, such, for example, as a blocking bias introduced on an appropriate grid.
  • Fig. 2 Such an arrangement is indicated in Fig. 2 where the switch S may be controlled in a manner analogous to that described in connection with Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 shows a modification of the circuit arrangements for the receive end of the two circuits, a modification which still retains the advantages of electronic switching.
  • the hybrid coil H1 of Fig. 1 is replaced by a mixing circuit consisting essentially of two vacuum tube repeater units in parallel.
  • the one circuit or the other is maintained in an enabled position by the application of B battery through the switch S3.
  • This switch is operated by pilot signal in a manner already described in connection with Fig. 1.
  • the switch is of such a form, as a gaseous discharge device, that having been operated it remains operated, even though pilot signal arrives from the spare circuit.
  • the regular and spare circuits may both be transmitting to the next section, preferably with the phase relationship already described.
  • One of the advantages of the mixing circuit of Fig. 3 is the avoidance of the use of a hybrid coil with its attendant loss.
  • the mixing circuit should have a gain of zero dec ibels, in which case the line which is disabled can be repaired on an out-of-service basis. While the amplifiers of the mixing circuit are shown in a simple form, it is to be understood that actually they will include the usual precautions, such as feedback, which are desirable for broad band, high frequency amplifiers.
  • Fig. 4 is essentially the same as Fig. 3 with the exception that the interruption of the electronic path is obtained by the interruption of a biasing voltage on the grid of a tube. Also, it will be noted that the connection from the incoming line 5 to the mixing circuit takes place through transformers.
  • Fig. 5 shows the replacement of a hybrid coil at the transmit end of the section by a mixing circuit.
  • This connection still retains the feature 70 of eiiective separation of the lines and without the loss normally characteristic of hybrid coils. Again, it will usually be desirable to operate the mixing circuit on the basis of zero decibel gain.
  • the connections at the receive end are the same 7;; as for Fig. 3 with the exception that the pilot signal to control the switching is taken ofi from the output of the regular circuit only.
  • Fig. 6 shows the application of my invention to a case where one spare circuit is provided for a plurality of regular circuits. Under these con- 5 ditions it is necessary that switching of the spare shall occur at both ends of the section.
  • the transmit end of the section the same type of mixing circuit as is shown in Fig. 5.
  • the receive 10 end there is associated with each regular circuit a mixing circuit of the type described in Fig. 3.
  • the spare circuit at the receive end is connected to the tube in the spare position in each mixing circuit. Under normal conditions each tube in 15 the spare position of these mixing circuits is disabled. If, however, pilot signal fails on one regular circuit, such as circuit No.
  • the tube in spare position for that mixing circuit is enabled for operation of the switching unit at 20 the receive end.
  • a corresponding switch must be made at the transmit end and for this purpose a suitable signal is sent from the switching unit at the receive end to a corresponding switching unit at the transmit end which will 25 so operate the elements in the switching unit as to enable the tube in the spare position in the mixing circuit of circuit No. 2.
  • the connection from the switching unit at the receive end with that at the transmit end may very conveniently 30 be carried out over special small conductor wires.
  • the speed of transmission over such a 'wire would not be high enough to complete the switching operation in the necessary short interval of time.
  • it 5 may be desirable to use a circuit of higher velocity connecting the two ends of the section, and for this purpose the transmission line itself may be used. This is particularly suitable in some cases where the transmission line consists 40 of 'a coaxial cable.
  • the switching unit at the receive end has its operations controlled by the pilot signals in the plurality of regular circuits, and by the operation of any suitable relays or equivalent structure will 55 perform the switching operation in the mixing circuit at the receive end as well as at the transmit end of a given section.
  • a communication system comprising a section of signaling circuit embracing at least one repeater span and subject to impairment of service, a substantially identical section serving as a spare, means connecting the sections to gether at the transmit end of the section to the preceding section of the system so that both are signal excited, an electron discharge path in each signaling circuit at the receive end for connecting said circuits to the succeeding section, and means controlled by a pilot signal on one of the circuits for interrupting the one electron discharge path or the other.
  • a communication system comprising a section of signaling circuit embracing at least one repeater span and subject to impairment of 7 service, a substantially identical section serving as a spare, means connecting the sections together at the transmit end of the section to the preceding section of the system so that both are signal excited, an electron discharge path in each signaling circuit at the receive end, and means to normally maintain the electron discharge path in the regular circuit but to interrupt the electron discharge path in the spare, said means being so controlled by a pilot signal on one of the circuits that when the regular circuit is impaired the electron discharge path therein is interrupted and that in the spare circuit is established.
  • a communication system comprising a section of signaling circuit subject to impairment of service, a substantially identical section serving as a spare, means connecting the sections together at the transmit end of the section to the preceding section of the system so that both are signal excited, a vacuum tube amplifier with a grid control in each path at the junction between the receive end of said section and the succeeding section, and means operating on the said grids to normally block the tube in the spare, said last-mentioned means operating on impairment of a regular circuit to unblock the tube of the spare and block the tube of the regular circuit.
  • a communication system comprising a section of signaling circuit subject to impairment of service, said section embracing at least one signal repeater span, a substantially identical section serving as a spare, means connecting the sections together at the transmit end of the section to the preceding section of the system so that both are signal excited, the said means comprising parallel repeater tube circuits of zero decibel gain, one for the regular and one for the spare circuit, and electronic switching means for alternatively connecting the receive ends of said regular and spare to the succeeding line section.
  • a geographically extended section thereof comprising a plurality of substantially identical circuits subject to impairment and having an electron discharge path in each signaling circuit at both the transmit and the receive ends of the section, means for setting aside one circuit as a spare, and means for replacing an impaired circuit by the spare, said last means interrupting the electron discharge path of the impaired circuit and simultaneously establishing the electron discharge path of the spare circuit at both ends of the section.
  • a plurality of regular repeatered transmission lines for the long distance transmission of respectively different signals, said lines being divided into a plurality of tandem-connected sections with a signal amplifier in each line at the junctions of said sections, a spare transmission line associated with said regular lines and adapted for replacing any section of a regular line that may become impaired, switching means for connecting the transmit end of a section of spare line to the adjacent receive end of the preceding section of a regular line that may become impaired, signal repeaters, each comprising an electron discharge device and each fixedly connected between the receive end of said spare section and the respective transmit ends of the succeeding sections of said regular lines, means normally blocking the electron discharge in all of said discharge devices whereby said spare section is inoperative, means for transmitting pilot current through each of said regular lines, and means at each of said discharge devices responsive to an abnormal change in the pilot current in the respectively corresponding regular line for unblocking the corresponding discharge device, said responsive means simultaneously disabling the corresponding regular line section, and means actuated by said responsive means for operating said switching

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
US296890A 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare channel Expired - Lifetime US2229089A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US296891A US2229090A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections
US296892A US2229108A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections
US296890A US2229089A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare channel
US296893A US2229158A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections
GB11628/40A GB543841A (en) 1939-09-28 1940-07-12 Improvements relating to electrical communication systems
FR869045D FR869045A (fr) 1939-09-28 1941-01-07 Systèmes de transmission à large bande
BE441443D BE441443A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1939-09-28 1941-05-14

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US296891A US2229090A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections
US296892A US2229108A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections
US296890A US2229089A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare channel
US296893A US2229158A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2229089A true US2229089A (en) 1941-01-21

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Family Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US296890A Expired - Lifetime US2229089A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare channel
US296893A Expired - Lifetime US2229158A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections
US296891A Expired - Lifetime US2229090A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections
US296892A Expired - Lifetime US2229108A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections

Family Applications After (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US296893A Expired - Lifetime US2229158A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections
US296891A Expired - Lifetime US2229090A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections
US296892A Expired - Lifetime US2229108A (en) 1939-09-28 1939-09-28 Switching of spare repeater sections

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (4) US2229089A (enrdf_load_html_response)
BE (1) BE441443A (enrdf_load_html_response)
FR (1) FR869045A (enrdf_load_html_response)
GB (1) GB543841A (enrdf_load_html_response)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2478395A (en) * 1943-03-05 1949-08-09 Automatic Elect Lab Automatic by-pass for repeaters
US2552787A (en) * 1946-11-23 1951-05-15 Automatic Elect Lab Channel switching in voice current repeater stations
US2592716A (en) * 1949-03-25 1952-04-15 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Self-correcting amplifier
US2597043A (en) * 1948-07-13 1952-05-20 Int Standard Electric Corp Automatic replacement of defective repeaters in high-frequency electric communication systems
US2625613A (en) * 1950-10-04 1953-01-13 Maico Company Inc Tone interrupter for audiometers
US2663010A (en) * 1952-02-01 1953-12-15 Itt Switching system
US2773944A (en) * 1950-08-08 1956-12-11 Bendix Aviat Corp Amplifying system with stand-by channel
US3009133A (en) * 1956-06-25 1961-11-14 Westinghouse Air Brake Co Automatic changeover for carrier circuits
US3138781A (en) * 1960-12-21 1964-06-23 Westinghouse Brake & Signal Electronic drive circuits for remote control systems
US3170071A (en) * 1960-03-30 1965-02-16 Ibm Error correction device utilizing spare substitution
US3204204A (en) * 1962-09-26 1965-08-31 Automatic Elect Lab Fast-switching arrangement for the transfer of communication channels
US3248693A (en) * 1961-09-25 1966-04-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Data transmission system for operation in signal environment with a high noise level
US3319088A (en) * 1964-11-25 1967-05-09 John B Payne Selective delay device
US3422367A (en) * 1965-06-05 1969-01-14 Philips Corp Device for simultaneously recording and/or reproducing different signals

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2686256A (en) * 1951-02-06 1954-08-10 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Signal transmission system
NL177226B (nl) * 1953-03-28 Hoechst Ag Werkwijze voor het zuiveren van disazopigmenten.
US2802990A (en) * 1953-08-04 1957-08-13 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Switching system in multiple line multiplex transmission system
DE954796C (de) * 1954-09-25 1956-12-20 Siemens Ag UEbertragungsanlage mit Breitbandkabel mit koaxialen Leitern
US3111624A (en) * 1960-01-04 1963-11-19 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Automatic system for selectively substituting spare channels for failed working channels in a multichannel multilink communication system
NL260534A (enrdf_load_html_response) * 1960-02-10
NL267532A (enrdf_load_html_response) * 1960-07-29
US3202941A (en) * 1960-12-23 1965-08-24 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High frequency channel switching unit, employing electromechanical contact means
NL6408627A (nl) * 1964-07-29 1966-01-31 Philips Nv Transmissie-inrichting
US3451042A (en) * 1964-10-14 1969-06-17 Westinghouse Electric Corp Redundant signal transmission system
US3403357A (en) * 1966-04-14 1968-09-24 Hughes Aircraft Co Switching apparatus for selectively coupling a predetermined number of microwave devices between an input and an output port
US3519945A (en) * 1967-09-05 1970-07-07 Bell Telephone Labor Inc System for replacing all or part of a faulty amplifier
US3868584A (en) * 1971-02-08 1975-02-25 Henry Richard Beurrier Amplifier with input and output match
US4264894A (en) * 1979-06-18 1981-04-28 Ellington Stephen P Fault bypass for data transmission system
FR2511772A1 (fr) * 1981-08-24 1983-02-25 Inst Francais Du Petrole Dispositif de transmission sequentielle de signaux par radio ou par cable, entre un systeme central de commande et des appareils d'acquisition de donnees
US4565972A (en) * 1985-03-18 1986-01-21 Tx Rx Systems, Inc. Tower mounted preamplifier
US5418490A (en) * 1994-03-01 1995-05-23 Tx Rx Systems, Inc. Failure responsive alternate amplifier and bypass system for communications amplifier

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2478395A (en) * 1943-03-05 1949-08-09 Automatic Elect Lab Automatic by-pass for repeaters
US2552787A (en) * 1946-11-23 1951-05-15 Automatic Elect Lab Channel switching in voice current repeater stations
US2597043A (en) * 1948-07-13 1952-05-20 Int Standard Electric Corp Automatic replacement of defective repeaters in high-frequency electric communication systems
US2592716A (en) * 1949-03-25 1952-04-15 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Self-correcting amplifier
US2773944A (en) * 1950-08-08 1956-12-11 Bendix Aviat Corp Amplifying system with stand-by channel
US2625613A (en) * 1950-10-04 1953-01-13 Maico Company Inc Tone interrupter for audiometers
US2663010A (en) * 1952-02-01 1953-12-15 Itt Switching system
US3009133A (en) * 1956-06-25 1961-11-14 Westinghouse Air Brake Co Automatic changeover for carrier circuits
US3170071A (en) * 1960-03-30 1965-02-16 Ibm Error correction device utilizing spare substitution
US3138781A (en) * 1960-12-21 1964-06-23 Westinghouse Brake & Signal Electronic drive circuits for remote control systems
US3248693A (en) * 1961-09-25 1966-04-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Data transmission system for operation in signal environment with a high noise level
US3204204A (en) * 1962-09-26 1965-08-31 Automatic Elect Lab Fast-switching arrangement for the transfer of communication channels
US3319088A (en) * 1964-11-25 1967-05-09 John B Payne Selective delay device
US3422367A (en) * 1965-06-05 1969-01-14 Philips Corp Device for simultaneously recording and/or reproducing different signals

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB543841A (en) 1942-03-16
BE441443A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1941-11-29
FR869045A (fr) 1942-01-22
US2229158A (en) 1941-01-21
US2229090A (en) 1941-01-21
US2229108A (en) 1941-01-21

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