US2228590A - Steam generator - Google Patents

Description

Ja 1 19 1- J. P. BADENHAUSEN STEAM GENERATOR Filed June 16, 1959 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR.

Jan. 14, 1941. J. P. BADENHAUSEN STEAM GENERATOR Filed June 16, 1939 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Jan. 14, 1941 PATENT OFFICE STEAM GENERATOR John Phillips Badcnhausen, Philadelphia, Pa, aa-

signor of one-half to Day and Zimmermann,

Incorporated, of Maryland Philadelphia, Pa., a corporation Application June 16, 1939, Serial No. 279,475

14 Claims.

This invention relates to steam generators and more particularly to a type of steam generator which is simple in construction and which is adaptable for the burning of combustible fuels of various kinds.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a steam generator which will have a rapid circulation and which will be emcient in its steam generating action.

It is afurther object of the present invention to provide a steam generator which may be operated at a high efiiciency over a wide range of loads.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a steam generator which includes an integral economizer section for obtaining improved steam generation.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a steam generator in which the quantity of water for steam generation is relatively small so that variation in the water level with change of pressure is reduced to a minimum.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide an improved low head type of steam generating unit.

Other objects of the present invention will be apparent from the annexed specification and claims.

The nature and characteristic features of the invention will be more readily understood from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings forming part hereof, in which:

Figure 1 is a vertical central sectional view taken from front to rear of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional view taken approximately on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view taken approximately on the line 33 of Fig. 1; and

Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view similar to Fig. 3 and illustrative of a modified form of the invention.

It will, of course, be understood that the. description and drawings herein contained are illustrative merely, and that various modifications and changes may be made in the structure disclosed without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Referring more particularly to Figs. 1, 2, and 3 of the drawings in which a preferred embodiment of the steam generator of the present invention is illustrated, a front. wall I0 is provided which has, preferably about midway between the top and bottom thereof, a suitable aperture II in which the burner nozzle (not shown) for pulverizedcoal, oil, or other suitable fuel material is mounted. Side walls l2 and II are provided which extend upwardly from a fioor I4, and inclined upper side wall sections l5 preferably con- 5 nect the upper portions of the side walls l2 and lit with generally horizontally disposed top wall portions IS. The top wall portions l6 are preferably connected by a curved top wall portion H.

An upper steam and water drum I8 is provided 10 and is disposed at right angles to the front wall In, generally parallel to the side walls I2 and i3 and preferably extends forwardly to and beyond the front wall l0 upon which it rests at the front.

provided near the rear end of the steam and water drum l8 and extends from the floor H to a location adjacent but spaced from the steam and water drum l8 and from the upper wall portions 20 I5 and the top wall portions 18 and I'l The space in front of the bafiie member 20 is the main combustion space of the steam generator. To the rear of the baffle 20 a downwardly extending baille 2| is provided which extends from the steam 8 floor l4 and preferably being spaced at the top 35 thereof from the steam and water drum IS, the upper wall portions l5,'and the top wall portions It to provide a space around which the gases may pass, as hereinafter referred to. An upward pass is thus provided between the battle H and the 4 At the rear end of the top wall portions IS, the upper wall portions l5 and the side walls l2 and IS, a downwardly extending bafile or rear wall 24 is provided. This baiile 24 extends toward but is spaced from the floor ll for purposes hereinafter more fully referred to and provides with the baiile 22 a downward pass. The steam and water drum- 18 preferably terminates short of the rear battle member 24.

A lower header 25 is provided intermediate the side walls l2 and I3 and is preferably horizontally disposed below the steam and water drum I8 and extends parallel thereto. A plurality of banks of steam generating tubes connect the header 2! 18 An upwardly extending rear baflle member 20 is with the steam and water drum I8, as hereinafter more fully pointed out.

A bank of downcomer tubes 28 is preferably provided outside the front wall I8 of thesteam generator for connecting the steam and water drum I8 with the header 25.

Banks of riser tubes 21 and 28 are provided on each side, respectively, of the steam generator, the tubes of these banks preferably extending from the header 25 upwardly and outwardly to the side walls I2 and I3, respectively, then upwardly along the side walls I2 and I3, and inwardly along the inclined upper wall portions I5 and the top wall portions I6 to the steam and water drum I8. The tubes of the banks of tubes 2! and 28 are preferably staggered at their place of connection to the header 25 and to the drum I8 so that the tubes may be closely disposed without sacrifice of strength at the place of connection.

A bank of tubes 29 is also preferably provided on the inside of the front wall I8 and the tubes thereof preferably extend from the header 25 outwardly and then upwardly along the front wall I8 and then to the steam and water drum I8.

The upwardly extending bafile member 28 which forms the rear of the combustion space is preferably provided with a bank of tubes 38 along the front side thereof, and another bank of tubes 3| is provided along the rear side thereof, the tubes of these banks 38 and 3I preferably being partially embedded within the baflle 28 and assisting in the support of the baflle 28.

In the pass provided between the upwardly extending baiile 28 and thedownwardly extending baflie 2|, banks of tubes 34 and 35, substantially similar to the banks 21 and 28 for lining the side walls I2 and I3 thereof are preferably provided.

A bank of tubes 36 is also preferably provided along the baffle member 2|; and the space or pass between the upwardly extending baflle member 28 and the downwardly extending baiiie member 2I and the side walls I2 and I3 preferably has spaced tubes 33 therein extending from the lower header 25 to the upper steam and water drum I8.

In the pass between the downwardly extending baflle member 2I and the upwardly extending baflle member 22 a superheater is preferably provided. The superheater may be of any preferred type and may be connected to the steam and water drum in any desired manner, but in the form shown preferably includes a pair of headers 38 and 39. The header 38 is preferably connected to the stream and water drum I8 by a pipe 31 which in turn is connected to a collector tube 3'I having a plurality of slots or saw cuts 31 for admitting steam thereto. Suitable banks of substantially horizontally disposed superheater tubes 48 extend between the headers 38 and 39 and are disposed across the space toward the side wall I3. The superheater headers 38 and 39 are preferably vertically disposed in the side wall I2 of the steam generator.

In the space or pass between the upwardly extending bafl'ie member 22 and the rearmost downwardly extending baflle member 24 an economizer section of the steam generator is preferably provided. The economizer may be of any preferred type, but in the form shown spaced economizer headers 42 and 43 are vertically disposed in the side wall I2 with banks of economizer tubes 44 connected therebetween.

The economizer section is preferably constructed in accordance with the disclosure of the prior application of J. H. Rohrer, filed March 8, 1939, Serial No. 260,532.

The uppermost tubes 45 pf the economizer section are preferably connected to the rear end portion of the steam and water drum I8 at a location to the rear of the rear baflle member 28.

An air preheater 48 is also preferably provided, the upper end of which may be connected by the duct 41 to a suitable source of draft. The air preheater 46 preferably has air supplied to the air inlet 48 by a forced draft fan shown at 48 and the air preheated in the air preheater 48 is supplied from the air outlet 58 by means of a duct 5| and a duct 52 to a suitable front wall duct 53 from which it is delivered at the fuel inlet aperture II. A pair of inclined walls 55 are provided which extend from the floor I4 to the lower header 25 for supporting the same. The spaces between the banks of tubes 21 and 28 will permit the discharge of ash at the lower portions of these banks, if pulverized coal or other ash bearing fuel is burned downwardly between the tubes and into the spaces above the bottom floor I4.

Clean-out doors 56 arepreferabiy provided at the lower part of the combustion space and preferably in the front wall I8 for removing ash depositing on the floor I4. A clean-out door 51 is also preferably provided in the side wall I3 for removing any ash which is carried over from the combustion chamber, and a clean-out door 58 is also preferably provided in the side wall I3 for removing any ash carried over beyond the economizer section.

' In the modified form of the invention as illustrated in Fig. 4, in place of the single lower header as illustrated in Fig. 3, two lower headers 25 are provided adjacent the lower part of the side walls I2 and I3. The headers 25' may have a grate or stoker, illustrated diagrammatically at 59, extending therebetween.

The banks of tubes extending between the headers 25 and the steam and water drum I8 are substantiallythe same as the banks of tubes illustrated in the form of the invention previously described, but are distributed between the two headers 25. I

In the form of the invention as illustrated in Fig. 4, the bank tubes 21 on one side of the center connect the header 25 along the side wall I2 to the steam and water drum I8, and the bank of tubes 28 on the other side of the center connect the header '25 along the side wall I2 to the steam and water drum I8. Similarly, also, the tubes 38 in front of the baflle 28 on one side extend from the lower header 25 along the wall I2, and on the other side extend from the lower header 25 along the wall I3 to the steam and water drum I8.

The tubes 33 in the pass immediately to the rear of the baiile 28 are also connected respectively from the headers 25 to the steam and water drum I8.

The mode of operation of the steam generator of the present invention will be apparent from the foregoing. It may be pointed out, however, that the major portion of the combustion of the combustible materials introduced at the burner (not shown) in the burner aperture occurs in the combustion space between the, front wall I8 and the battle 28. The banks of tubes 21 and 28 along the side walls I2 and I3 and extending to the steam and water drum I8 furnish a large surface for rapid and effective steam generation. Any ash which is present with the fuel will fall to the bottom of the combustion space and between the spaces provided between the tubes of the banks and 38. The hot gases will then pass upwardly in the pass between the ballie 2| and the baffle 22 and in contact with the superheater tubes 40 for .superheating the steam therein by convection.

The combustion gases will then pass around the upperend of the bafiie 22 and downwardly in the pass provided between the baffle 22 and the baflle 24 and in contact with the tubes 44 of the economizer section where a further portion of their heat will be given up. The combustion gases will then pass upwardly through the air heater 46 for preheating the air for combustion supplied by the forced draft fan 49 through the air inlet 48, and the combustion gases will then be drawn off or pass off to the stack ,(not shown) through the duct 41.

I claim:

1. In a steam generator, a front wall having a fuel inlet opening, spaced side walls, an upper steam and water drum extending from front to rear and parallel to said side walls, a horizontal lower water header arranged intermediate the side walls at the lower part thereof and vertically below said steam and water drum, tubes extending between said header and said steam and water drum along said front wall, riser tubes extending from the lower header to the steam and water drum and lining, the side walls. a bame adjacent the rear end of the steam and water drum and providing the rear boundary of the combustion space, additional baiiies adjacent the rear end of said steam and water drum and to the rear of said first mentioned bame, banks of tubes extending between said header and said steam and water drum in the spaces between said additional baiiles.

2. In a steam generator, a front-wall having a fuel inlet opening, spaced side walls, an upper steam and water drum extending from the front wall and parallel to the side walls, a lower water header arranged intermediate theside walls at the lower part thereof and vertically below the steam and water drum, tubes extending between said header and said steam and water drum along said front wall, riser tubes extending from the lower header to the steam and water drum and lining the side walls, an upwardly extending baflie adjacent the rear end of the steam and water drum and providing the rear boundary of the combustion space, bailies to the rear of said first mentioned bailie providing a plurality of passes, and additional steam generating tubes extending to said steam and water drum in the spaces between said baflles.

3. In a steam generator, a front wall having a fuel inlet opening, spaced side walls, an upper steam and water drum extending from front to rear and parallel to said side walls, a lower water header disposed substantially parallel to the steam and water drum, tubes extending between said header and said steam and water drum along said front wall, closely spaced tubes lining the side walls and extending to said steam and water drum, said tubes being connected to said steam and steam generating'tubes in the spaces between said baflles and connected to said steam and. a

water drum.

4. In a steam generator, a front wall having a fuel inlet opening, spaced side walls, a top wall portion, an upper steam and water drum in said top wall portion extending from the front wall generally parallel to the side walls, a lower water header arranged intermediate the side walls at the lower part thereof and substantially parallel to the steam and water drum, tubes extending between said header and said steam and water drum along the inner side of the front wall, steam generating tubes extending from the lower header to the steam and water drum and lining the side walls, said tubs being spaced to permit ash to fall therebetween at the lower portions of the tubes and an upwardly extending baffle adjacent the rear end of the steam and water drum and providing the rear wall of the combustion space.

5. ma steam generator, a front wall having a fuel inlet opening, spaced side walls, a top wall portion, an upper steam and water drum in said top wall portion extending from the front wall generally parallel to the side walls, a lower water header arranged intermediate the side walls at the lower part thereof and substantially parallel to the steamand water drum, tubes extending between said header and said steam and water drum along the inner side of the front wall, steam generating tubes extending from the lower header to the steam and water drum and lining the side walls, said tubes being spaced and being connected to said header in staggered relationship and a bailie'adjacent the rear end of the steam and baflle and extending from said header to said steam and water drum.

6. In asteam generator, a front wall having a fuel inlet opening, side walls, a top wall portion, an upper steam and water drum in said top wall portion extending from the front wall generally parallel to the side walls, a lower water header arranged intermediate the side walls at the lower part thereof and substantially parallel to the steam and water drum, tubes extending between said header and said steam and water drum along the inner side of the front wall, steam generating tubes extending from the lower header to the steam and water drum and lining the side walls, said tubes being spaced at the lower portions thereof, a bafiie adjacent the rear end of the steam and water drum and providing the rear wall of the combustion space, a baliie adjacent the rear end of said steam and water drum and to the rear of said first mentioned baflle, and tubes extending from said header to said steam and water drum in the space between said bailles.

'7. In a steam generator, a front wall having a fuel inlet opening, side walls, a top wall portion,

an upper steam and water drum in said top wall portion extending generally parallel to the side the side walls at the lower part thereof and substantially parallel to the steam and water drum, tubes extending between said header and said steam and water drum along the inner side of the front wall, steam generating tubes extending from the lower header to the steam and water drum and lining the side walls, said tubes being spaced at the lower portions thereof and connected to said header in staggered relationship, a baifle adjacent the rear end of the steam and water drum and providing the rear wall of the combustion space, a baflle adjacent the rear end of said steam and water drum and to the rear of said first mentioned bailie, tubes extending from said header to said steam and water drum in the spacebetween said baflles, additional battles to the rear of said other baflles providing an economizer space, and an economizer in said economizer space connected to said steam and water drum.

8. In a steam generator, a front wall having a fuel inlet opening, side walls, a top wall portion, an upper steam and water drum extending along said top wall portion from the front wall generally parallel to the side walls, a lower water header arranged intermediate the side walls at the lower part thereof and substantially parallel to the steam and water drum, tubes extending between said header and said steam and water drum along the inner side of the front wall, steam generating tubes extending from the lower header to the steam and water drum and lining the side walls, said tubes being connected to said drum and to said header in staggered relationship, an upwardly extending baflie adjacent the rear end of the steam and water drum and providing the rear wall 'of the combustion space, tubes extending to said steam and water drum along one side of said baflie, a downwardly extending bailie adjacent the rear end of said steam and water drum and to the rear of said first mentioned baille, tubes extending from said header to said steam and water drum in the space between said baflles, additional baflles to the rear of said other baffles providing an economizer space, and an economizer in said economizer space consisting of a plurality of tubes connected at the top thereof to said steam and water drum.

9. In a steam generator, a front wall having a fuel inlet opening, side walls, a top wall portion, an upper steam and water drum extending along said top wall portion from the front wall generally parallel to the side walls, a lower water header arranged intermediate the side walls at the lower part thereof and substantially parallel to the steam and water drum, tubes extending between said header and said steam and water drum along the inner side of the front wall, steam generating tubes extending from the lower header to the steam and water drum and lining the side walls, said tubes being connected to said drum and to said header in staggeredrelationship, an upwardly extending baflle adjacent the rear end of the steam and water drum and providing the rear wall of the combustion space, tubes extending to said steam and water drum along each side of said baflle, a downwardly extending baflle adjacent the rear end of said steam and water drum and to the rear of said first mentioned bafile, tubes extending from said header to said steam and water drum in the space between said baflles, additional baiiies to the rear of saidother baflles providing an economizer space, and an economizer in said economizer space consisting of a plurality of substantially horizontal tubes extending from one of said side walls and connected at the top thereof to said steam and water drum.

10. In a steam generator, a front wall, side walls, a top wall portion, an upper steam and water drum along said top wall portion extending from the front wall generally parallel to the side walls, a pair of spaced lower water headers arranged horizontally along the side walls at the lower part thereof and substantially parallel to the steam and water drum, tubes extending between said headers and said steam and water drum along the inner side of the front wall, steam generating tubes extending from each of said lower headers to the steam and water drum and respectively lining the side walls, an upwardly extending bame adjacent the rear end of the steam and water drum and providing the rear wall of the combustion space, tubes extending from said lower water headers to said steam and water drum along each side of said battle, a downwardly extending baflle adjacent the rear end of said steam and water drum and to the rear of said first mentioned bafile, tubes extending from said headers to said steam and water drum in the space between said baffles, additional baiiles to the rear of said other bailles providing an economizer space, and an economizer in said economizer space consisting of a plurality of tubes connected at the top thereof to said steam and water drum.

11. In a steam generator, a front wall, spaced side walls, an upper steam and water drum extending from the front wall and parallel to the side walls, lower water header means extending rearwardly from said front wall below said steam and water drum and disposed substantially parallel to said drum, riser tubes extending from the header means to the steam and water drum and lining the side walls, a baflle adjacent the rear end of the steam and water drum and providing the rear boundary of the combustion space, steam generating tubes extending from said header means to said steam and water drum and along at least one face of said baiiie, a bailie adjacent the rear end of said steam and water drum and to the rear of said first mentioned baflie, and spaced tubes extending from said header means to said steam and water drum and in the space between said baffles.

12. In a steam generator; a front wall, spaced side walls, an upper steam and water drum extending from the front wall and parallel to the side walls, lower water header means extending rearwardly from said front wall below said steam and water drum, and disposed substantially parallel to said steam and water drum, riser tubes extending from the header means to the steam and water drum and lining the side walls, a baiiie adjacent the rear end of the steam and water drum and providing the rear boundary of the combustion space, steam generating tubes extending from said lower water header means to said steam and water drum and along each face of said baffle, a baflie adjacent the rear end of said steam and water drum and to the rear of said first mentioned baiiie, spaced tubes extending from said header means to said steam and water drum and disposed in the space between said baflies, additional battles to the rear of said other battles providing an economizer space, and an economizer in said economizer space below and connected to said steam and water drum.

13. In a steam generator, a front wall, spaced side walls, a top wall portion, an upper steam and water drum in said top wall portion extending from the front wall and parallel to the side walls, lower water header means extending rearwardly from said front wall below said steam and water drum, said means comprising a pair of spaced headers arranged along the side walls at the lower part thereof and substantially parallel to the steam and water drum, riser tubes extending from said headers to the steam and water drum and lining the respective side walls, a baflle adjacent the rear end of the steam and water drum and providing the rear boundary of the combustion space, steam generating tubes extending from said headers to said steam and water drum and disposed along at least one face of said baflie.

14. In a steam generator, a front wall, spaced side walls, a top wall portion, an upper steam and water drum in said top wall portion extending from the front wall and parallel to the side walls, lower water header means extending rearwardly from said front wall below said steam and water drum, said header means comprising a pair of spaced headers arranged along the side walls at the lower part thereof and substantially parallel to the steam and water drum, tubes extending between said headers and said steam and water drumalong the inner side of the fiont wall, steam generating tubes extending from each of said lower headers to the steam and water drum and respectively lining the side walls, an upwardly extending baflle adjacent the rear end of the steam and water drum and providing the rear wall of the combustion space, steam generating tubes extending upwardly from said lower headers to said steam and water drum and along the faces of said baflle, a downwardly extending baffle adjacent the rear end of said steam and water drum and to the rear of said first mentioned baflle, and spaced tubes extending from said headers to said steam and water drum and disposed in the space between said baflies.

JOHN PHILLIPS BADENHAUSEN.

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