US2227103A - Electron multiplier - Google Patents

Electron multiplier Download PDF

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Publication number
US2227103A
US2227103A US150434A US15043437A US2227103A US 2227103 A US2227103 A US 2227103A US 150434 A US150434 A US 150434A US 15043437 A US15043437 A US 15043437A US 2227103 A US2227103 A US 2227103A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
potential
electrodes
electrons
electrode
electron multiplier
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US150434A
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English (en)
Inventor
Orthuber Richard
Steudel Eberhard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AEG AG
Original Assignee
AEG AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AEG AG filed Critical AEG AG
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Publication of US2227103A publication Critical patent/US2227103A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/76—Dynamic electron-multiplier tubes, e.g. Farnsworth multiplier tube, multipactor

Definitions

  • the invention provides an improvement in the known arrangement.
  • collector electrodes are provided and are positioned on the side of one or both electrodes which is remote from the side of the other electrode.
  • Figure 1 shows one form of an electron multiplier tube constructed in accordance with the present invention
  • Figure 2 shows a modified form of an electron multiplier tube
  • Figure 3 shows a circuit for deriving a direct current biasing potential from an oscillator.
  • reference characters I and 2 represent two electrodes, both of which are to furnish a favorable yield of secondary electrons, and of which at least the plate IA is to have furthermore an outer photo-eiect, the multiplier is to respond at luminous excitation.
  • the platel may wholly or in part be formed as a mesh orgrid.
  • the plate 3 herein formed as annular anode member serves for collecting the electrons, but a further collector anode (not shown in the drawing) may be arranged on the side of the .electrode 2 remote from the side of the electrode I.
  • the collector electrodes or anodes in accordance with the invention the eld existing between the plates I and 2 is but unappreciably disturbed by the bias potential of the co1- lector plate anode.
  • the circuit is arranged in the known manner; the high frequency alternating potential is furnished by the oscillatory circuit 4, the plate I may for rinstance be grounded.v From battery 5 the absorption electrode 3 receives a bias potential which is positive relative to I and eventually Valso relative 4to 2, and the amplied current is passed to the output load device or instrument 6.
  • the multiplier functions in a manner similar to that of the prior artin that the electrons between the plates I and 2 perform a pendulum movement until they are forced beyond the border of the plate by the radial component of their exist velocity and by the inuence of the space charge, and then impinge on .the vcollector 3.
  • the conditions under. which multiplication takes place are more distinct as compared with the known method since owing to the plate potential necessary in the known method, an uncertain variation of the potential course between the electrodes I and 2 takes place.
  • the arrangement according to the invention has the additional advantage that when the amplitude ⁇ and frequency of the alternating potential are fixedly maintained, the distance carried out by the electrons during a half cycle is shorter so that the new arrangement requires less space.
  • FIG. 2 Another mode of construction of the arrangement according to the invention resides in that the plate 2 does not emit secondary electrons but serves only for the production of an electric alternating iield between I and 2.
  • the circuit suitable in this ease is shown in Fig. 2.
  • a direct potential exists derived from the battery 'I for instance, and whose negative pole is connected to the plate 2 across a high frequency choke 8.
  • the condenser 9 prevents a short circuit of the direct potential source 1.
  • an electron leaving I is accelerated by the alternating field which hasv become unsymmetrical due to the superimposed direct potential, then this electron is being deccelerated and accelerated back to I again, before reaching the electrode 2.
  • it is only necessary to adjust to a denite relationship between the amplitude ofthe alternating potential and the direct potential it is only necessary to adjust to a denite relationship between the amplitude ofthe alternating potential and the direct potential,
  • the frequency of the alternating potential and the distance of the plates l and 2 are only subject to the limitation that the electrons must not impinge on the plate 2, while otherwise said frequency and distance may be chosen as desired.
  • the constant ratio of the amplitudes may, for instance, be maintained in that instead of obtaining the direct potential from a battery 1 it is produced in a known manner from the alternating potential.
  • An example of a circuit is shown in Fig. 3.
  • the alternating potential derived from the oscillatory circuit 4' is applied to a potentiometer Il across a valve HL, the po-Y tentiometer having a condenser l2 connected in parallel thereto, and the direct potentialis derived at the contacts I3.
  • the direct potential is simultaneously varied in the correct proportion.
  • the arrangement according vto the invention has the advantage that the amplitudes and frequencies can be varied Within wide limits Without the multiplier being disturbed thereby.
  • An electron multiplier comprising an envelope, a pair of parallel spaced electrodes positioned in the envelope with their surfaces opposed, means for maintaining one of the electrodes positive with respect to the other, said one electrode being adapted to produce secondary electrons upon electronic bombardment at a ratio greater than unity, and said one electrode having an electron permeable portion and a radiant energy responsive portion, means for impressing an alternating potential upon said electrodes to produce electronic oscillation therebetween for electron multiplication at said one electrode, a collector anode positioned at the side of said one electrode remote from the other electrode and adapted to collect electrons which pass through the electron permeable portion thereof, and means for maintaining said collector anode positive with respect to said one electrode.

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  • Image-Pickup Tubes, Image-Amplification Tubes, And Storage Tubes (AREA)
US150434A 1936-07-03 1937-06-26 Electron multiplier Expired - Lifetime US2227103A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2227103X 1936-07-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2227103A true US2227103A (en) 1940-12-31

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ID=7991177

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US150434A Expired - Lifetime US2227103A (en) 1936-07-03 1937-06-26 Electron multiplier

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US2227103A (pl)
FR (1) FR823802A (pl)
NL (2) NL48794C (pl)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2459778A (en) * 1945-07-09 1949-01-18 Farnsworth Res Corp Image dissector
US2577106A (en) * 1949-04-01 1951-12-04 Rca Corp Charged-particle energy meter
US2836755A (en) * 1952-05-27 1958-05-27 Emi Ltd Electron multipliers
US3310678A (en) * 1964-06-05 1967-03-21 John C Kylander Method of producing electron multiplication utilizing an amplification cycle

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2459778A (en) * 1945-07-09 1949-01-18 Farnsworth Res Corp Image dissector
US2577106A (en) * 1949-04-01 1951-12-04 Rca Corp Charged-particle energy meter
US2836755A (en) * 1952-05-27 1958-05-27 Emi Ltd Electron multipliers
US3310678A (en) * 1964-06-05 1967-03-21 John C Kylander Method of producing electron multiplication utilizing an amplification cycle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR823802A (fr) 1938-01-27
NL83137B (pl)
NL48794C (pl)

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