US2225367A - Lubricant - Google Patents
Lubricant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2225367A US2225367A US332288A US33228840A US2225367A US 2225367 A US2225367 A US 2225367A US 332288 A US332288 A US 332288A US 33228840 A US33228840 A US 33228840A US 2225367 A US2225367 A US 2225367A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- acids
- soaps
- soap
- chlorinated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 75
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 48
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 37
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 37
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 36
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 18
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 12
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical group [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000005608 naphthenic acid group Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000010688 mineral lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229960004418 trolamine Drugs 0.000 description 7
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- -1 alu- 40 minum Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 5
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)(=O)O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010699 lard oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FTOSZADXYFNRQP-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;2,2-dichlorooctadecanoate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(Cl)(Cl)C([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(Cl)(Cl)C([O-])=O FTOSZADXYFNRQP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- HDINWBRYKNUCEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2,2-dichlorooctadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(Cl)(Cl)C(=O)OC HDINWBRYKNUCEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002889 oleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GKGVPDQNHDBNDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichlorooctadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(Cl)(Cl)C(O)=O GKGVPDQNHDBNDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QISSBEXCEGHVJT-WBFLBJJNSA-K Cl/C(=C(/CCCCCCCC(=O)[O-])Cl)/CCCCCCCC.[Al+3].Cl/C(=C(/CCCCCCCC(=O)[O-])Cl)/CCCCCCCC.Cl/C(=C(/CCCCCCCC(=O)[O-])Cl)/CCCCCCCC Chemical compound Cl/C(=C(/CCCCCCCC(=O)[O-])Cl)/CCCCCCCC.[Al+3].Cl/C(=C(/CCCCCCCC(=O)[O-])Cl)/CCCCCCCC.Cl/C(=C(/CCCCCCCC(=O)[O-])Cl)/CCCCCCCC QISSBEXCEGHVJT-WBFLBJJNSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001417524 Pomacanthidae Species 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001948 caffeine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012208 gear oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013531 gin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical class [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N palmitic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010690 paraffinic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002743 phosphorus functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylxanthine Natural products CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1N=CN2C RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M131/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing halogen
- C10M131/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing halogen containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen and oxygen
- C10M131/12—Acids; Salts or esters thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/08—Aldehydes; Ketones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
- C10M2207/126—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids monocarboxylic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/286—Esters of polymerised unsaturated acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
- C10M2207/404—Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2211/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only
- C10M2211/024—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only aromatic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2211/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen, and oxygen
- C10M2211/042—Alcohols; Ethers; Aldehydes; Ketones
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2211/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen, and oxygen
- C10M2211/044—Acids; Salts or esters thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2211/06—Perfluorinated compounds
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- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
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- C10M2215/226—Morpholines
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- C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
- C10M2215/26—Amines
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- C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
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- C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/046—Polyamines, i.e. macromoleculars obtained by condensation of more than eleven amine monomers
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- C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
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- C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
- C10M2219/024—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of esters, e.g. fats
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- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/041—Triaryl phosphates
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- C10M2223/08—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-nitrogen bonds
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- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/12—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of organic compounds, e.g. with PxSy, PxSyHal or PxOy
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- C10N2010/06—Groups 3 or 13
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- C10N2010/08—Groups 4 or 14
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- C10N2010/14—Group 7
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- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/16—Groups 8, 9, or 10
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- C10N2060/00—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition
- C10N2060/04—Oxidation, e.g. ozonisation
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- C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
- C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives
Definitions
- This invention relates primarily to modified mineral lubricating oils,, the general object of the invention being to supply to lubricating oils 5 oiliness and stabilizing constituents, capable of imparting extreme pressure characteristics and also of overcoming the deposition of gums, resins and varnish-like materials uponand about the valves and rings of internal combustion engines,
- oil-soluble-metal soaps particularly soaps of halogenated fatty acids, halogenated naphthenic acids, and halogenated synthetic petroleum acids such as those produced by 35 oxidation of petroleum fractions to yield oil-soluble synthetic acids of fairly high molecular weight.
- oil-soluble soaps preferably are those of the alkali earth metals and heavy metals in general, for example calcium, magnesium, alu- 40 minum, lead, ironand zinc soaps.
- Other possibilities for soaps of such acids are found in sodium, potassium, copper, cobalt and nickel soaps 1 when oil-soluble.
- the inven ion resides in a lubricating oil otherwise possessing the properties of 5 forming gummy, resinous and varnish-like deposits upon and about valves and piston rings of internal combustion engines, containing a small quantity, but sufiicient however to avoid substantial'deposit of such objectionable mate- 50 rials, of a metal soap of acids of the type of halogenated fatty acids and halogenated synthetic petroleum acids of relatively high molecular weight, 1. e., having not less than about ten carbon atoms.
- the soaps are 55 to be employed ordinarily to the extent of about 1%, for the reason that substantially greater amounts of soaps tend ordinarily to thicken the oils undesirably and without benefit, whereas small quantities, for example about /g% or less, ordinarily do not impart sumcient stabilizing alcohols such as ethyl and amyl alcohol and from capacity .to avoid or overcome deposition of gums. resins and the like.
- These oils also possess improved film strength or load-carrying capacity.
- the invention resides furtherin oil containing 5 such soaps as above indicated for the indicated purpose wherein the oil itself is especially adapt-' ed to the severe uses encountered in Diesel engin'e's andthe like.
- Such an oil preferably is a naialithenic base oil which in itself afiords some 10 solvent characteristics for gums, resins, and varnishes.
- highly refined, highly parafflnic oils may be employed at least for some uses, as may less heavily refined highly paraffinic oil, such as ordinary grades of Pennsylvania oils.
- oil-soluble metal or organic base soaps of non-halogenated acids of the types above described may be combined as one component of a double-component addi- 0 tion material with any type of oiliness agent as a second component.
- a second constltuent may be methyl ma. dichloro-stearate, other oiliness agents of the type produced from other other acids such as oleic, palmitlc and similar acids, chlorinated paraflin, sulfurized lard oil,
- chlorinated diphenyl oxide sulfurized or halogenated fatty acids of the types herein indicated, halogenated or sulfurized synthetic petroleum acids such as have been described, tricresyl phosphate, and in general all other types of oiliness agents.
- the invention may be also stated as extending to the use in mineral lubricating oils of an oil-soluble soap constituent combined with an oiliness or film-strength-improving element or constituent, such as one or more sulfur or chlorine atoms or phosphorus groups and the like, contained either in the soap itself, or contained in a second additive component when the soap itself does not contain such an oiliness or film-improving element or constituent.
- the invention also includes soaps made with organic bases such as triethanolamine, quinoline, nitrogen bases from petroleum and the like. Such organic base soaps are to be used as substitutes for said oil-soluble metal soap when that soap is not chlorinated (or similarly modified) and is required to be used in a two-component additive material.
- organic base soap When such an organic base soap is chlorinated it may be used as a single component additive as a substitute for the oil-soluble metal chlorinated soaps (or similar soaps) described.
- Soaps appropriate for this purpose are represented by triethanolamine naphthenate, triethanolamine chloro-naphthenate, trieth-anolamine chlorinated or sulfurized fatty acid soaps and other similar soaps of acids herein mentioned.
- any otherwise satisfactory mineral lubricating oil is selected.
- this is preferably a naphthenic bas or Western type oil, especially where such an oil is to be used for Diesel engine lubrication.
- parafllnic oils may be employed.
- I add to such an oil approximately 1% of a soap capable of preventing the formation and/or accumulation of gums, resins and varnishes upon and about rings and valves of internal combustion en. gines. While the amount of such soaps may be varied between about 0.5% or 0.6% and about 2%, I prefer to us approximately 1% or between about 0.8% and 1.25%, inasmuch as such proportions have so far proved to be most beneficial.
- the soaps which I have found to be highly satisfactory for these purposes are especially the alkali earth metal soaps of halogenated fatty acids and of halogenated high molecular weight synthetic petroleum acids.
- the calcium soap of chlorinated stearic acid has been found highly efficient.
- the calcium soap of chlorinated oleic acid is very desirable.
- Both the calcium dichlorostearate and the calcium dichloro-oleate function adquately in the proportions above indicated to yield a highly satisfactory oil for Diesel engine or similar uses, the performance of the two oils being much the same, although the two chlorine atoms are attached to the 9th and 10th carbon by direct addition in the case of the chlorinated oleic acid, whereas they are attached to the alpha carbon by substitution in the case of the saturated stearic acid.
- the chlorine content of these two materials is about 20% based on the acid, although it may be in the case of the chlorinated stearic acid that part of the chlorine is attached to the beta carbon or the gamma carbon or elsewhere.
- Such chlorine contents lower the melting points of the acids and render both the acids and their indicated soaps readily compatible with the lubrieatin oil, yielding the freely oil-soluble soaps indicated.
- other alkali earth metal soaps such as magnesium soaps may be employed, as may other metal soaps like aluminum dichloro-oleate and stearate.
- soaps of other chlorinated fatty acids having aminimum of about ten carbons to insure a sufiiciently high molecular weight and boiling point may be employed.
- Corresponding soaps of chlorinated synthetic petroleum acids likewise may be employed. These acids themselves are well known on the market, and are frequently produced by oxidation. catalytically and otherwise, of petroleum products, particularly fractions in the light and intermediate lubricating oil ranges, oxidation being a convenient means for the formation of the acids. These acids are recovered by precipitation as soaps with subsequent cracking out by the use of strong mineral acids to yield the purified acids. These procedures are generally well understood and need not be here described.
- acids may be more or less readily chlorinated or otherwise halogenated merely by passage of the halogen gas through the acids to effect the desired substitution and/or addition, followed by adequate neutralization and washing.
- the soaps of such halogenated acids are then readily formed by saponification with suitable metal salts, hydroxides or oxides in the sam way that fatty acid soaps are formed, as
- halogenated fatty acids such as oleic, linoleic, stearic, palrnitic, the coconut fatty acids and the-like, and the indicated soaps of halogenated naphthenic acids and halogenated synthetic petroleum acid
- I may also use corresponding oil-soluble sulfurized or phosphorus-bearing soaps of such acids of sufliciently high molecular weight as herein indicated.
- special soaps such as a lead soap of highly chlorinated organic acids, particularly naphthenic acids, as components in extreme pressure gear oils and the like.
- the oil soluble metal soaps of the chlorinated or otherwise halogenated naphthenic acids, corresponding sulfurized acids, and halogenated and sulfurized lard oils and fatty acids, and the like are included.
- a two-component additive material one of which is a nonhalogenated or sulfurized soap for the purpose of prevention of deposition of gums and resins and the like, and the other of which is an oiliness constituent which imparts high load carrying capacity.
- the soap which largely overcomes deposition of gums and resins does not contain combined therein an agent for improving oiliness and film strength, such as sulfur, a halogen, phosphorus, or the like, but the soap is employed in conjunction with a second component of which methyl dichloro-stearate is a good example, such second agent imparting the desired oiliness and increased load carrying capacity.
- an agent for improving oiliness and film strength such as sulfur, a halogen, phosphorus, or the like
- a second component of which methyl dichloro-stearate is a good example such second agent imparting the desired oiliness and increased load carrying capacity.
- I may employ approximately 1% of a calcium soap of palm oil, or.
- coconut oil or oleic acid, stearic acid or the like, or other disclosed acid, together with about 0.5% to 1.0% of methyl dichloro-stearate as the oiliness agent to increase film strength and load carrying capacity.
- Other oiliness agents of this general typ may be substituted such as those produced from ethyl, amyl or other alcohols and from oleic, palmitic and other acids, the agent containing one of the halogens such as chlorine, bromine. fluorine or iodine.
- oiliness agents such as chlorinated paraflin, sulfurized lard oil, sulfurized fatty acids, sulfurized acids of the other types herein disclosed, chlorinated diphenyl oxide, tricresyl phosphate and kindred phosphorous compounds, and the like may be employed.
- the oiliness element such as chlorine, sulfur, phosphorus, or the like, is obtained through the medium of an agent other than the soap.
- I may use organic bases in preparing soaps for the use of the present invention.
- bases are represented by triethanolamine, quinoline bases, nitrogen bases from petroleum and the like.
- the acids would not generally contain an oiliness element such as chlorine, sulfur or the like.
- Such acids may be naphthenic acids, fatty acids containing a minimum of about 10 carbon atoms, synthetic petroleum acids as from oxidation of paraflin waxes and refined petroleum oils and all other types of acids herein mentioned.
- the acid radical will contain the oiliness agent-such as chlorine, sulfur, phosphorus, a phenyl group or other suitable substituent'. Soaps of this character will be used in percentages similar to those employed with othersoap's.
- paraifin acids and the like such as produced by oxidation as herein mentioned, as distinguished from naphthenic acids, attention is called to the j fact that these acids are of differentcharacter greater degreeof ,oiliness properties than do the naphthenic acids and are inmost instances to be preferred to naphthenic acids or any other naturally occurring petroleum acid such as obtained from petroleum distillates.
- the synthetic petroleum and paraiiin .acids mentioned may be produced by oxidationas well understood in the art-or otherwise.
- the amount of soap tobe added to the oil as is evident from the above disclosure,
- thisiamount is ordinarily in the order of about 1%. Besides an ordinary range between about 0.5% and 2% as previously indicated, there may be instances where as little as 0.1% may be used, and on theother hand largmay be desirable under some conditions, for example'where high temperatures are encountered. In other words, varying conditions can require wider ranges.
- a freely liquid-lubricating oil containing a small quantity of an oil-soluble soap of a synthetic petroleum acid in quantity between about /2% and about 2% and suificient approximately I only to overcome ring and valve sticking tendencies in internal combustion engines, and including a co'nstituentiof the class consisting of halogens, sulfur and phosphorus.
- a freely liquid lubricating oil comprising mineral lubricating oil and a small quantity of an oil-soluble metal soap of a synthetic petroleum acid in quantity between about /z% and about 2%, the soap being such as not to impart grease like characteristics or appreciable increase in the I viscosity ,of the original oil and suffi'cient .approximately to control ring sticking tendencies anddeposition of resinous and varnish-like materials in internal combustion engines, and in-' cluding a constituent of the class consisting of halogens, sulfur, and phosphorus.
- cluded constituent is phosphorus.
- a freely liquid lubricating oil comprising mineral lubricating-oil and a; small quantity of an oil-soluble soap of synthetic petroleum acid containing at least about ten carbon atoms per molecule, the soap being present in amount sum- .cientto overcome substantial deposit of gummy and varnish-like materials in internalacombustion engines, the soap being such as not to-impart' grease-like characteristics or appreciableincrease in the viscosity of the original oil, and including I a constituent of the class consisting of halogens, sulfur, and phosphorus.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE425813D BE425813A (en, 2012) | 1937-01-18 | ||
| US172371A US2225366A (en) | 1937-01-18 | 1937-11-02 | Lubricant |
| US332288A US2225367A (en) | 1937-01-18 | 1940-04-29 | Lubricant |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US121167A US2225365A (en) | 1937-01-18 | 1937-01-18 | Lubricant |
| US332288A US2225367A (en) | 1937-01-18 | 1940-04-29 | Lubricant |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2225367A true US2225367A (en) | 1940-12-17 |
Family
ID=26819170
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US332288A Expired - Lifetime US2225367A (en) | 1937-01-18 | 1940-04-29 | Lubricant |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2225367A (en, 2012) |
| BE (1) | BE425813A (en, 2012) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2474325A (en) * | 1943-04-07 | 1949-06-28 | Jr Thomas T Rodgers | Aqueous lubricant |
-
0
- BE BE425813D patent/BE425813A/xx unknown
-
1940
- 1940-04-29 US US332288A patent/US2225367A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2474325A (en) * | 1943-04-07 | 1949-06-28 | Jr Thomas T Rodgers | Aqueous lubricant |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE425813A (en, 2012) |
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