US2222370A - Laying dust in coal mines - Google Patents
Laying dust in coal mines Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2222370A US2222370A US259285A US25928539A US2222370A US 2222370 A US2222370 A US 2222370A US 259285 A US259285 A US 259285A US 25928539 A US25928539 A US 25928539A US 2222370 A US2222370 A US 2222370A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- water
- coal
- spray
- dust
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title description 19
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 title description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 26
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 26
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 8
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003245 working effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019476 oil-water mixture Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011514 Anogeissus latifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000106483 Anogeissus latifolia Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000001922 Gum ghatti Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019314 gum ghatti Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F5/00—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/22—Materials not provided for elsewhere for dust-laying or dust-absorbing
Definitions
- This invention relates to laying dust in coal mines; and it comprises a method of preventing and laying dust in coal mines-wherein the mine workings are sprayed with a mixture or emulsion s of petroleum oil and water in a proportion of at least 50 per cent water and at least per cent 011; all as more fully hereinafter set forth and as claimed.
- the mixture of oil and water can be formed invarious ways.
- the oil should be a petroleum 40 oil of suitable gravity and viscosity and of relatively low volatility and the water should be in a proportion of at least per cent of the mixture for adequate safety from inflammability. A ratio of 2 parts onto 3 parts water is recom- 41 mended.
- the object being to coat the coal with 'oil, a proportion of less than 20 per cent oil in the mixture is not advisable.
- the proper relative proportions of oil and water will depend on the extent of oil coverage desired and the rapid- 50 ity with which the surface to be sprayed is traversed by the spray. When the spray rapidly traverses the surfaces to be. covered the proportion of water in the mixture is kept near the minimum requiredfor safety, but, when the spray is slowly applied, considerably more water may be used with the oil.
- the oil-water mixture may be formed by feeding water and oil from separate sources to a common spray nozzle in the proper ratio. However, it is usually more expedient to form an emulsion of oil and water and to spray the emulsion.
- an emulsion of oil-in-water has been found most effective and safe, but emulsions of water in oil may be used if desired.
- an emulsifying agent With most oils it is necessary to use an emulsifying agent to form an emulsion of any permanence. Sufllcient permanence for most spraying purposes is afiorded by preparing an emulsion of oil and water held together by gum ghatti or by a sodium sulfonate as an emulsifying agent.
- petroleum distillates of low volatility are usually employed having a gravity varying between 20.0 and 25.0 A. P. I. and varying in viscosity between and 650 seconds S. U. V. at 100 F.
- a particularly safe and efiective emulsion made by blending 400 gallons of a petroleum distillate of 20.0 A. P. I. gravity and 620 seconds S. U. V. viscosity at 100 F. with 600 gallons of water, using 40 gallons or 4 per cent of a sodium petroleum sulfonate as an emulsifying agent. This will give a semi-permanent emulsion, but where greater permanence is desired the emulsion may be further stabilized by incorporating therein 8 gallons oleic acid and 8 gallons ethylene glycol.
- the equipment preferably comprises -a highpressure motor driven rotary pump connected by suitable piping and valve controls to several spray nozzles preferably of the impingement type disclosed in the U. '8. 'Patent to Pigott No. 2,058,823.
- This type of nozzle afl'ords good dispersion of fluid particles.
- the nozzles may be arranged to direct the spray upward, downward and on both sides of a vehicle so that in spraying a tunnel one traversal will complete the spray treatment of the floor, walls, and ceiling.
- the oil-water mixture may be circulated several times through the pump in order to obtain uniform dispersion in the mixture.
- emulsifying agents very little agitation is required to emulsify the oil and water prior to spraying.
- a single nozzle or small group of nozzles may advantageously be mounted on the end 01' a highpressure flexible hose connected to a source of spray mixture under pressure. This affords portable equipment i'or manual operation within a restricted range.
- the invention is particularly useful in spraying the cutting bars and cuttings during operation oi-an undercutting machine or the like to allay dust as it is formed in the cutting operation.
- the spraying equipment may be associated with a cutting machine and the spray nozzle situated so as to spray the surfacesundergoing cutting.
- a method of preventing and laying dust in coal mines which comprises spraying the mine workings with a mixture of petroleum oil of low volatility and water" in a volume proportion of the mixture at least 50 per cent water and at least 20 per cent oil.
- a method of preventing and laying dust in coal mines which comprises spraying the mine workings with a liquid emulsion containing petroleum oil of low volatility and water in a volume proportion of at least 50 per cent water and atleast 20 per cent oil.
- a method of preventing and laying dust in coal mines which comprises spraying the mine workings with a liquid emulsion containing petroleum oil of low volatility and water in a volume proportion of at least 50 per cent water and at least per cent oil and containing a sodium sulfonate 'as an emulsifying agent.
- a liquid spray for. preventing and laying dust in coal mines consisting essentially of an emulsion of petroleum oil of 20 to A. P. I.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Description
Patented Nov. 19, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE LAYING DUST IN COAL LIINES No Drawing. Application March 1, 1939, Serial No. 259,285
4 Claims. (o1. 160-2) This invention relates to laying dust in coal mines; and it comprises a method of preventing and laying dust in coal mines-wherein the mine workings are sprayed with a mixture or emulsion s of petroleum oil and water in a proportion of at least 50 per cent water and at least per cent 011; all as more fully hereinafter set forth and as claimed.
The problem of coal dust in coal mines is a in serious one. Various materials and methods have been proposed to overcome the dust hazard in coal mines, but the problem remains. Heretofore the most acceptable method has been, in. the use of rock dust to mingle with the coal dust 15" and thus to prevent explosions- This method has obvious disadvantages. .The rock dust adds spray the workings with oil in admixture with suflicient water to make the oil spray noninflammable. An emulsion of oil in about twice its volume of water is a most eil'ectivespraying fi liquid. The oil wets the coal and penetrates the v v.coal particles. The water does not wet the coal and evaporates or runs ofi, leaving the coal coat ed with oil. The particles clod together and dusting is prevented.
a Spraying the coal faces with both 011 and water in homogeneousadmixture prevents formation of dust in cutting the coal with machines,
the water, as I have found, removing the fire hazard due to the oil spray. Also spraying coal 3'; dust already formed'with such a mixture lays the dust and overcomes the dust explosion hazard.
The mixture of oil and water can be formed invarious ways. The oil should be a petroleum 40 oil of suitable gravity and viscosity and of relatively low volatility and the water should be in a proportion of at least per cent of the mixture for adequate safety from inflammability. A ratio of 2 parts onto 3 parts water is recom- 41 mended. The object being to coat the coal with 'oil, a proportion of less than 20 per cent oil in the mixture is not advisable. The proper relative proportions of oil and water will depend on the extent of oil coverage desired and the rapid- 50 ity with which the surface to be sprayed is traversed by the spray. When the spray rapidly traverses the surfaces to be. covered the proportion of water in the mixture is kept near the minimum requiredfor safety, but, when the spray is slowly applied, considerably more water may be used with the oil. The oil in the 011-,
water mixture impregnates the coal and to a large extent prevents dusting. A
The oil-water mixture may be formed by feeding water and oil from separate sources to a common spray nozzle in the proper ratio. However, it is usually more expedient to form an emulsion of oil and water and to spray the emulsion. For spraying purposes, an emulsion of oil-in-water has been found most effective and safe, but emulsions of water in oil may be used if desired. With most oils it is necessary to use an emulsifying agent to form an emulsion of any permanence. Sufllcient permanence for most spraying purposes is afiorded by preparing an emulsion of oil and water held together by gum ghatti or by a sodium sulfonate as an emulsifying agent. Where, greater permanence is desired, for instance whre it is desired to"prepare'and store quantities of a spraying emulsion for a considerable time prior to use, small portions of oleic acid and ethylene glycol may be added with a sodium petroleum suli'onate to give the emulsion greater permanence or stability. Various other emulsifying and stabilizing agents for'forming oil and water emulsions are known and may be used. t
In preparing spray emulsions, petroleum distillates of low volatility are usually employed having a gravity varying between 20.0 and 25.0 A. P. I. and varying in viscosity between and 650 seconds S. U. V. at 100 F.
A particularly safe and efiective emulsion made by blending 400 gallons of a petroleum distillate of 20.0 A. P. I. gravity and 620 seconds S. U. V. viscosity at 100 F. with 600 gallons of water, using 40 gallons or 4 per cent of a sodium petroleum sulfonate as an emulsifying agent. This will give a semi-permanent emulsion, but where greater permanence is desired the emulsion may be further stabilized by incorporating therein 8 gallons oleic acid and 8 gallons ethylene glycol. I
In spraying oil and water mixtures or emul-- sions in mines the following procedure is recommended: I
The equipment preferably comprises -a highpressure motor driven rotary pump connected by suitable piping and valve controls to several spray nozzles preferably of the impingement type disclosed in the U. '8. 'Patent to Pigott No. 2,058,823. This type of nozzle afl'ords good dispersion of fluid particles. The nozzles may be arranged to direct the spray upward, downward and on both sides of a vehicle so that in spraying a tunnel one traversal will complete the spray treatment of the floor, walls, and ceiling. The
' late the contents through the pump without passage to the nozzles. The oil-water mixture may be circulated several times through the pump in order to obtain uniform dispersion in the mixture. When using emulsifying agents, very little agitation is required to emulsify the oil and water prior to spraying.
When less extensive spraying is required, a single nozzle or small group of nozzles may advantageously be mounted on the end 01' a highpressure flexible hose connected to a source of spray mixture under pressure. This affords portable equipment i'or manual operation within a restricted range.
The invention is particularly useful in spraying the cutting bars and cuttings during operation oi-an undercutting machine or the like to allay dust as it is formed in the cutting operation. Thus, the spraying equipment may be associated with a cutting machine and the spray nozzle situated so as to spray the surfacesundergoing cutting.
What I claim is:
1. A method of preventing and laying dust in coal mines which comprises spraying the mine workings with a mixture of petroleum oil of low volatility and water" in a volume proportion of the mixture at least 50 per cent water and at least 20 per cent oil.
2. A method of preventing and laying dust in coal mines which comprises spraying the mine workings with a liquid emulsion containing petroleum oil of low volatility and water in a volume proportion of at least 50 per cent water and atleast 20 per cent oil.
3. A method of preventing and laying dust in coal mines which comprises spraying the mine workings with a liquid emulsion containing petroleum oil of low volatility and water in a volume proportion of at least 50 per cent water and at least per cent oil and containing a sodium sulfonate 'as an emulsifying agent. i
4. A liquid spray for. preventing and laying dust in coal mines consisting essentially of an emulsion of petroleum oil of 20 to A. P. I.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US259285A US2222370A (en) | 1939-03-01 | 1939-03-01 | Laying dust in coal mines |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US259285A US2222370A (en) | 1939-03-01 | 1939-03-01 | Laying dust in coal mines |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2222370A true US2222370A (en) | 1940-11-19 |
Family
ID=22984315
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US259285A Expired - Lifetime US2222370A (en) | 1939-03-01 | 1939-03-01 | Laying dust in coal mines |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2222370A (en) |
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2448605A (en) * | 1944-11-13 | 1948-09-07 | Johnson March Corp | Composition for treating coal and the like |
| US2763511A (en) * | 1954-10-05 | 1956-09-18 | Berry Charles Ed | Spray device for oil treatment of coal |
| US3069293A (en) * | 1961-06-02 | 1962-12-18 | American Cyanamid Co | Protection of mineral surfaces against spalling |
| US4117214A (en) * | 1973-07-19 | 1978-09-26 | The Dow Chemical Company | Method and composition for reducing the strength of ice |
| US4162347A (en) * | 1977-12-14 | 1979-07-24 | The Dow Chemical Company | Method for facilitating transportation of particulate on a conveyor belt in a cold environment |
| US4163079A (en) * | 1977-12-14 | 1979-07-31 | The Dow Chemical Company | Method for facilitating transportation of particulate on a conveyor belt in a cold environment |
| US4290810A (en) * | 1977-12-14 | 1981-09-22 | The Dow Chemical Co. | Method for facilitating transportation of particulate on a conveyor belt in a cold environment |
| US4331445A (en) * | 1981-04-03 | 1982-05-25 | Internorth | Reduction of spontaneous combustion of coal |
| US4388203A (en) * | 1981-11-20 | 1983-06-14 | The Dow Chemical Company | Composition and method for melting frozen aqueous solutions |
| US4410431A (en) * | 1982-04-01 | 1983-10-18 | Nalco Chemical Company | Composition for altering the water function characteristics of mineral slurries |
| US4447344A (en) * | 1983-06-02 | 1984-05-08 | Nalco Chemical Company | Dewatering aids for coal and other mineral particulates |
| US4501775A (en) * | 1973-07-19 | 1985-02-26 | The Dow Chemical Company | Method for reducing the strength of ice |
| WO1987005226A1 (en) * | 1986-03-06 | 1987-09-11 | Applied Chemicals Pty Ltd | Protective treatment of coal |
| AU568721B2 (en) * | 1984-02-21 | 1988-01-07 | Genkem Pty. Ltd. | Coal dust suppressant |
| US5113643A (en) * | 1990-09-12 | 1992-05-19 | Krp Enterprises, Inc. | Dust suppression system |
| US5695775A (en) * | 1994-08-13 | 1997-12-09 | Hasso von Blucher | Decontaminating of skin or materials contaminated by chemical warfare agents |
-
1939
- 1939-03-01 US US259285A patent/US2222370A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2448605A (en) * | 1944-11-13 | 1948-09-07 | Johnson March Corp | Composition for treating coal and the like |
| US2763511A (en) * | 1954-10-05 | 1956-09-18 | Berry Charles Ed | Spray device for oil treatment of coal |
| US3069293A (en) * | 1961-06-02 | 1962-12-18 | American Cyanamid Co | Protection of mineral surfaces against spalling |
| US4501775A (en) * | 1973-07-19 | 1985-02-26 | The Dow Chemical Company | Method for reducing the strength of ice |
| US4117214A (en) * | 1973-07-19 | 1978-09-26 | The Dow Chemical Company | Method and composition for reducing the strength of ice |
| US4162347A (en) * | 1977-12-14 | 1979-07-24 | The Dow Chemical Company | Method for facilitating transportation of particulate on a conveyor belt in a cold environment |
| US4163079A (en) * | 1977-12-14 | 1979-07-31 | The Dow Chemical Company | Method for facilitating transportation of particulate on a conveyor belt in a cold environment |
| US4290810A (en) * | 1977-12-14 | 1981-09-22 | The Dow Chemical Co. | Method for facilitating transportation of particulate on a conveyor belt in a cold environment |
| US4331445A (en) * | 1981-04-03 | 1982-05-25 | Internorth | Reduction of spontaneous combustion of coal |
| US4388203A (en) * | 1981-11-20 | 1983-06-14 | The Dow Chemical Company | Composition and method for melting frozen aqueous solutions |
| US4410431A (en) * | 1982-04-01 | 1983-10-18 | Nalco Chemical Company | Composition for altering the water function characteristics of mineral slurries |
| US4447344A (en) * | 1983-06-02 | 1984-05-08 | Nalco Chemical Company | Dewatering aids for coal and other mineral particulates |
| AU568721B2 (en) * | 1984-02-21 | 1988-01-07 | Genkem Pty. Ltd. | Coal dust suppressant |
| WO1987005226A1 (en) * | 1986-03-06 | 1987-09-11 | Applied Chemicals Pty Ltd | Protective treatment of coal |
| US5113643A (en) * | 1990-09-12 | 1992-05-19 | Krp Enterprises, Inc. | Dust suppression system |
| US5695775A (en) * | 1994-08-13 | 1997-12-09 | Hasso von Blucher | Decontaminating of skin or materials contaminated by chemical warfare agents |
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