US2219071A - Decalcomania - Google Patents

Description

v Patented Oct. 22, 1940 Ferdinand W. Humphner, oak Park, nl., assigner, by mesne assignments, to Mid-States Gummed Paper Company, a corporation o Delaware Application prii 2%, i936, Serial No. 77,057

6 Claims.

This invention relates to a decalcomania and Vl no supporting body other than the printing` ink itself, thus rendering it impossible to remove the transfer. vA further object isto provide a decalcomania in which the transfer may be released without the use of Water and in which-one transferv of the sheet containing several transfers can be readily releasedwithout affecting the other transfers. Another object is to provide a decal-- comania in which the transfer may bereleased by the application of heat. lA further object is t'o provide effective means for identifying the prod- `uct in the transfer-releasing operation. Other specific objects and advantages will appear as th specification proceeds. g

The inventionis illustrated, in preferred embodiments by the accompanying sdrawing in which- Figure 1 is an enlarged side view in elevation of a decalc'omania embodying the broad idea of my invention; Fig. 2 is a similar view of a modified construction; Fig. 3 a similar view of another modification; and Fig. 4, asimilar. view of another modication embodying my invention.

In the simple form of the invention illustrated in Fig. 1, I employ a paper base which may consist-of a standard sheet of book paper with a sired, 'with the usual dextrine or starch coatings, etc. Upon the. coated paper is placed a layer of heat-responsive releasing material such as wax.

D I have -found that a layer of hard wax with a melting point of 190-220 is satisfactory. I prefer to add to the wax a small amount of rosin or resin 'to provide anchorage. The wax coating A may be transparent or opaque as desired.

Upon the wax layer, I form an imprint. The wax coating permits printing of the transfer film with standard printing equipment such a's oii'set -or letter press, etc. It permits the use of printing equipment which cannot be' employed with'the ordinary decalcomania waterlrelease transfer body.

The ink'tobe used in forming 'the imprint is'.-

press conditions employed. To the ink may be added sumcient gums or resins or rosins to cause adhesion when heat is applied thereto.

In the use ofthe decalcomania as shown in Fig. l, the imprint is placed against the object or sur- '5 face to which it is to be applied and heat is applied to the rear surface of the paper. At the same time, the heating instrument may be pressed suiciently against the paper to cause the imprint to be firmly brought into engagement l0 with the surface to which it is to be amxed. I have found that the heatsupplied by anl ordinary watt light-globe is sufficient to'release the transfer. When heat is applied to the paper and the imprint is pressed against the desiredsurface, 15 the wax layer melts while at the same time the imprint is caused to adhere to the surface. When the papervand heating instrument are removed, the imprint will be vfound to be firmly and evenly united to theI surface. Such an imprint, a@ since it has practically no body except the materials forming the print, makes removal for re-use Y an impossibility. Since .the wax is absorbed by -the paper upon application of heat, the use of l opaque wax does not impair the legibility of the gg imprint. In" the broad phase of my invention, as described above it will be seen Ithatby the use of three elements namely, apaper base, a Wax layer, and an adhesive imprint, it is possible to form a 3@ decalcomania transfer without a supporting body. It will be understood, however, that the invention may be employeddn a'variety of other forms and with different results or effects. For example,

a thermoplastic adhesive. Or, if desired, a lacthe use of transparent ink in the paper or by the' use of a chemical indicatorin the transfer lm, etc.

In the illustration given in Fig. 2, I have shown 5 a paper base covered with a coating of dextrine.

Any othersuitable coating maybe employed.

For example, a vegetable gum such as dextrine or starch mixed with water in suitable proportions may be combined with an emulsion of wax l and preferably an emulsion of vegetable wax such as Japan wax or a dispersion of the samewhich i can be held .stable in the heavier body of dextrine or starch. -\Enough of thepgbove coating is apu resin so as to provide anchorage to the gumcoating under normal conditions. The wax coating maybe transparent, opaque, or of any other desired color effects.

The paper formed as just described may be delivered to the printers for printing thereon designs suitablefor tax stamps etc., such as, for example, squares, circles and other shapes, the designs being spaced apart so that they do not join when they are released. If desired, the back of the paper may be provided with marks registering with the designs so that the user will know that a design is directly opposite a mark shown on the back of the paper.

'I'he wax coating permits the use of standard printing equipment for forming the film,A Any suitable ink may be employed. If desired, a heatresistant ink may be used. I prefer an -oil base ink of strong color and with rm drying qualities and containing the necessary materials or vehicles to fit the particular press conditions.

After the imprint has been made and while the ink is still in a tacky state, fine powder is dusted on the surface, the powder consisting of a mixture or flux containing a rosin, a wax, a resin,-

a hard and soft gum. For any of the abovethere may be substituted-various materials such as, for example, gum quaiac, gutta percha, rubber compounds, pitch asphalt, etc. This treatment gives the ink imprint an adhesive character which enables it to cling to the surface.

If desired, a separate adhesive fllm may be formed over the imprint. For example, the ink film may be allowed to dry and then over the lm may be imposed a-second imprint registering with the first and consisting of thermoplastic materials made in suitable form for applying with a printing press. Such a compound may be formed by mixing 10 parts of soft resin with 'I5 parts of hard resin and 15 parts of carnauba wax.

The application of heat to the back of the paper, by use of a lamp bulb, etc., causes the wax layer to melt and the thermoplastic adhesive to cling to the surface against which it is pressed. The thermoplastic adhesive bonds the imprint to the surface as soon as the imprint is released by -the wax. The imprint is preferably in reverse in order that it may be in positive form when held by a thermoplasticadhesive upon the surface. In the illustration `shown in Fig. 3, I prefer to imprint the paper with transparent ink of a well-known'composition. When heat is applied to the back of the paper, the wax melts and permeates the paper except as to 4that portion which is covered` or partially covered with transparent ink. The result is that dark areas are formed where the wax permeates the paper while light areas appear where the invisible or transparent inkprevents the flow of wax. Thus, upon the application of heat, the designs formed bythe transparent ink become visible. It will be noted that the disclosure of the formerly visible designs is simultaneous with the operation of applying the imprints.

In the modification shown in Fig. 4, a layer of 'may be covered with a vegetable coating of gum,

etc.

If desired, the layer4 of thermoplastic adhesive or flux, as illustrated. in Fig. 2, may be opaque or of othersuitable colors so as to provide a background for the imprint and thus causing it to stand out in contrast.

While I havesuggested the use of a light globe as being satisfactory for releasing and applying the transfers, it will be obvious that other suitable means may be employed also. If desired, the light bulb may be provided with a metal guard for applying the heat more uniformlyto the back of the paper and for pressing the adhesive face of the transfer evenly against the surface. It will be understood that for different types of heat-applying instruments, a considerable variation in the type of heat-releasing waxes or other materials may be made.

Chemical indicators may be Aused in the decalcomania. By way of example beta naphthol dissolved in alcohol, may be used in the transfer or imprint. In order to dissolve the beta napthol it is preferable first to mix it with potassiumhydroxide and then dissolve in| alcohol. In order.

to test the above xed indicator in the transfer, I use a small amount of a dye salt dissolved in alcohol. There are a large number of indicators known to the trade which may be used.

My new decalcomania is believed to be the first to apply the printing film itself, without the aid of a transfer body, toar surface. This construction makes the transfer an ideal tax stamp because there` is no possibility of the film being Yremoved or re-used. It avoids the use of water.

contact with the wax layer and up to the time that the wax layer is melted. I 'I'he foregoing detailed description has been given for clearness `of understanding only, and

no unnecessary limitations should be understood therefrom, but the appended claims should be construed as broadly as permissible, in view of the prior art.

-I claim: 1. A decalcomania transfer comprising: a paper base, aheat-responsive release coatingjthereon, an imprint carried'by said coating, said imprint containing a material which will change color on theapplication of a suitable re-agent.

2. A decalcomania comprising: a paper base,`

a coating thereon comprising dextrine mixed with a vegetable wax emulsion, a hard wax layer over said dextrine and vegetable wax coating, an imprint upon said wax, and adhesive on said imprint.

3. In a decalcomania of the character set forth,

'a paper base, a heat-responsive releasecoating thereon, a plurality of separable .transfer bodies mounted on said coating, imprints on said transfer bodies, and indicator marks on the opposite side of said paper base, each of said marks being transversely aligned with a transfer body on the opposite Sidethereof.

4. A decalcomania transfer comprising: a pa.- per base, a heat responsive release coating thereon, and an imprint on said coating, said imprint containing a small amount of beta naphthol.

5. A decalcomania transfer comprising: a paper base, a coating thereon comprising dextrine mixed with a vegetable wax emulsion, a hard wax layer over said dextrine and vegetable wax coating, and an imprint upon said wax.

6. A decalcomania transfer comprising: a paper base, 'said base having areas covered with transparent ink repellent to wax, a layer of wax over the surface of said paper base including the area covered with transparent ink, and an imprint carried on said Wax, said wax when melted being adapted to penetrate said paper except as to those areas covered by said ink and being l( adapted to release -said imprint.

FERDINAND W. HUWHNER.

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