US221853A - Improvement in type-setting machines - Google Patents

Description

7 Sheets-Sheet 1.

J. NORTH. Type-Setting Machine.

No. 221,853. Patented Nov. 18,1879.

N. PEYERS, PHOTO-LITHDGRAFHER, WASHINGTON. D c

7 sheets sheet 2. J. NORTH.

Type-Setting Machine.

' tented. Nov. 18, 1879. I

nPEIERs, PHDTO-UTNOGRAPHEK WASHINGTON, D C.

7 SheetsSh.eet 3.

' J. NORTH. Type-Setting Machine.

Pate ed Nov. 18, 1879.

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7 Sheets-Sheet '4.

J. NORTH. Type-Setting Machine.

No. 221', 853.- Patented Nov. 18, 1879-.

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NJETERS, PHOTO-LITHOGRAPHER, WASHINGTON, D c.

7 Sh'eetF-Sheet 5.

J. NORTH. Type-Setting Machine. 'No.2 2-I,853.-

'7 Patented Nov. 18, 18 79.

N PErERs, PH m-LITHOGMPHER.

V 7 Sheath-Sheet 7.

J. NORTH, Type-Setting Machine.

No. 221.853. Patented Nov. 18, I879.

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' John UNIT D STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN NORTH, OF MIDDLETOWN, CONNECTICUT, A SSIGNOR TO HENRY S.

WHITE, LUTHER C. VVHITE, AND GEORGE M. PRATT, OF. SAME PLACE,

oNE-sIXTHTo EACH.

IMPROVEMENT IN TYPE-SETTING MACHINES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent- No. 221,853, dated November 18, 1879 application filed April 11, 1879.

To'all whom it may concern Be it known that I, JOHN NORTH, of Middletown, in the county of Middlesex and State of Connecticut, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Type-Setting Machines, of which the following is a specification.

The object of this invention is to simplify the mechanism of type-setting machines, to render positive the movements of the operative devices thereof, and to carry the process of composition a step farther-by the formation of measured lines of type-than has hitherto been done by machinery.

It consists- First, in the combination, in a typesetting machine, with a case or tray provided with side-by-side channels for rows of type, keys or pushers for removing the type successively from said channels,,and an endless belt traveling in a direction transverse to the discharge ends of said channels for receiving and conveying the type, of a device or devices for turning the type upon said belt. The type-case is arranged nearly vertically with the lower ends of its channels, immediately above the belt, which travels in a direction at right angles to the length of the type, so that the type fall upon it crosswise, and by striking pins projecting in their path each is turned endwise of the belt as it travels, and in this position enters the chute which guides it to the setting-wheel. I am thus enabled to use a single narrow belt, having a width only about equal to the length of the type. 1

Second, in the combination, in a type-setting machine, of a series of side-by-side typeholding channels, each having at its delivery end a lateral recess extending from the inner surface of one of its walls, a series of type-rests standing in front of said delivery ends, a series of type-pushers playing laterally, across said rests, and adapted to force single types therefrom and into said recesses, and a single conveying-belt, adapted to receive type directly from all said recesses.

Third, in a type-setting machine provided with a type-case or tray-rest having a series of side-byside type passages or throats coinciding with the type-channels, of removable and replaceable. cases or trays, and with devices for removing types one at a time from i z of Fig. 4. Fig. 4, Sheet 4, is an end view.

Fig. 5, Sheet 5, is asection on line :0 x of Fig. 2. Fig. 6, Sheet 5, is a section on line y 3 Fig. 2. Fig. 7, Sheet 4, is a section on line 2 2, Fig. 2. Fig. 8, Sheet 5, is a detached view of one of the pusher-operating keys. Fig. 9, Sheet 5, is a plan view of one of the pu'shers. Fig. 10, Sheet 4, is a detached top view of the brake of the spring or button. Fig. 11, Sheet 4, is a side view of the same, partly in section. Figs. 12 and 13, Sheet 6, and Figs. 14 15, Sheet- 7, illustrate a modified construction of my machine.

The letter A indicates a type case or tray provided with parallel type-channels a, and mounted upon the case-rest B of the machine. In these channels a, when the case is filled and ready for use, the types are arranged according to letter, and their successive removal thence to the galley C and arrangement there in lines of words is the work the machine is intended to perform.

Thecase-restBis formed with a series of passages or throats, b, which form continuations of the type-channels a when the case is upon the rest, and at the lower end of each of these passages a recess, 61, is cut in one of its walls, said recess having a width equal to that of the body ofthe type which thepassage or throat and its adjoiniu g case'channel are intended to contain. Ata little distance from and parallel with the recessed ends of the throats or passages of the case-rest there is located a series of typerests, e, adapted to sustain the rows oftype in the channels of the case and throats or passages of the case-rest, the bottom type of each row shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

lying upon the rest. and opposite the recess of the throat in which it is. Upon each of the type-rests, and between it and the end of the wall of the throat, lies a type-pusher, j, which forms, when in its normal position, a portion or whole of the outer wall of the recess. Each of these pushers f is prolonged outward to form a flat shank, f, lying upon ata'ble, G, from the inner edge of which the type-rests project, and each of these shanks has cut through it two oblique slots, f one'near each end, into which extend pins h,projectin g from springplungers H, (see Fig. 5,) and through slits 9 (see Fig. 2) in the top of the table G, said slits leading from the sockets in which the said springplungers play. The springs force these plungers outward and the pins h to the outer ends of the slots, and in this position the typepushers will be clear of the throats or passages to the right and flush with the unrecessed left-hand walls thereof. The outer ends of the plungers H terminate in keys or fin gerpieces h, arranged in a bank of two rows, as Now, when one of the plungers is pushed inward, the pins h strike the oblique walls of the slots, driving the pusher to. the right across the type-rest,

and,.of course, forcing-laterally from said rest a single type which may be resting upon it, said type being driven into the recess of the opposite wall and falling therefrom transversely upon an endless conveying-belt, I, having its line of travel parallel with and directly under the series of type-rests, and at a distance therefrom a little greater than the width of the widest type used in the case, in order that thetypes maybe carried away clear of the said rests.

From the under side of each of the type-rests projects a pin, 7c, reaching nearly to the belt, as shown in Fig. 3, and standing in the path of the front portions of the types lying upon said belt, so that when a type strikes one of these pins the foot of the type will be carried onward and its head retarded until, by the movement of the belt, it is swung to a longitudin al position thereupon, and clear of the row of pins. In this position it is carried by the belt, foot foremost, (in the direction of the arrow,) to the mouth of a chute, L, the turning of the belt upon its drum 4; launching the type into this chute, by which it is guided to the setting or composing wheel M. This composing-wheel is provided with a peripheral channel, m, having a width about equal to the thickness of the type, so that the type will fit loosely therein, and inwardly toward the bottom, of this channel are cutlong teeth m, having .radial short faces and curved outer surfaces. These teeth are slitted clear through their longitudinal centers, to receive a thin tongue, at, projecting from the bottom wall of a receiver, N, (see Fig. 6,) and having its upper edge in line with the horizontal diameter of the wheel M.

The side walls, a and n, of the receiver N have their ends curved to conform to the pc ripheries of the side walls of the channel M, and the passage-way of the receiver opens into and is of the same width of said channel.

The lower or exit end of the'chute L is also of the same width as the channel of wheel M, and terminates immediately over said channel a little beyond the vertical diameter of the wheel in the direction of its motion, so that a type passing throughthe chute is guided feet foremost into the wheel-channel, and its feet will strike and rest upon theradial slitted face of one of the teeth m until this face is brought into the same plane with the upper edge of the tongue n, which strikes in the kerf of the type between its feet, and retains it while the tooth passes on, the curved face of the following tooth pressing against the side of the type and forcing" it into the passage-way of the receiver.

From the end of side wall n of the receiver, opposite the composing-wheel, a wall, 0, extends at a right angle, being the stationary wall of an adjustable galley, C, the bottom of which is in the same plane with the bottom of the receiver N, and the end of this galley opens into the receiver, a portion of the inner wall of which is cut away for that purpose.

The letter 0 designates the adjustable wall of the galley G, by means of which said galley may be made wider or narrower, as desired. It rests upon the bottom of the same, and is provided with a foot, 0", having a transverse slit, through which passes a screw, 0 which is tapped in the bottom of the galley, while its head projects laterally over the upper surface of the foot 0", and serves to clamp the same firmly in whatever position the wall-is adjusted.

From the front end of this adjustable wall a long wall, 19, extends outward at a right angle, and is bored longitudinally to receive pusher-rod P, surrounded by a coiled spring, which bears against a shoulder thereof and presses it inward.- The bore or channel in this wall 1) is open through the front of the said wall to permit access to the inner end of the pusher-rod, and to this inner end is secured one end of an abutment or type-supporter, Q, which is a flat plate, about as thick as the type, adapted to slide longitudinally upon the bottom of the receiver, and when forced inward by the spring pusher-rod it stands in front of the inner open end of the galley 0, being retained in this position by a pin, (1, projecting from it across the end of the line-breaker R, which forms a part of the receiver, and will be hereinafter described.

This abutment yields before the row of types as they are forced into the receiver, and has an automatically retracti'le action when relieved of pressure at the completion and removal of a line of given length, as will be hereinafter particularly explained.

When the passage-way M, Fig. 2, of the receiver is filled with type, the end type of the line is pressed against the inner end of the abutment or type-supporter-Q, which then, as

each succeeding type is pressed into the pas- .sage-way n by the composin g wheel, yields before the advancing line, allowing it to be extended ac'ross'the inner open endiof the galley C. When the line has been so extended the abutment or type-supporter Q is forced outward entirely from the open end of the gal ley, and the pin q strikes an adjustable pin, s, in the upper end of a lever, B, fulcrumed upon the frame of the machine. .The lower end of this lever is connected .by a link, 8,

-withthe lower end of another lever, S, fulicrumed at the opposite side of the frame. The forcing outward of the upper end of lever S by. the ping eauses the upper end of lever to swing inward'and strike the'endof a shaft,

S arranged to move longitudinally in a bearing formed for it in a projection, S of the line-breaker R. The shaft S carries aroller,

-8 which, by .means of a leaf-spring,s acting upon a shaft, S is kept out of the path of the spurs t of a cam-wheel, T, when said shaftis not moved by the lever S; but when said shaft is moved longitudinally by said lever, the said roller is brought directlyin the path of these spurs t, one of which, striking it, forces it and the entire line-breaker It toward the galley O,

breaking a measured line of type from the row beingformed, and forcing said line laterally into the galley, a groove, r, in the face of the line-breaker R permitting it to project across edge of an arm,R having longitudinal move ment in guides formed inthe frame of the mai chine under the galley O, and is forced outward by a spring, R Then the spur has passed the roller 8 the. spring R forces the line-breaker back to its normal position, and the line being then removed from the receiver N, the pusher-rod P forces the abutment or type-snpporterback across the end of the gal- .ley,.and the roller 5 resumes its position out of the path of the spurs t.

At theend of the linebreaker R, next to the wall a of the receiver, there are two plates,

r W, set side by side in a recess in the said the plates, respectively.

Iinebreaker, and having their edges flush with "the facethereof. These plates areheld in place by strong springs arranged behind them in sockets formed in the projection S and bearin g against stems or arms projecting from The recess in which said plates are arranged, is deep enough to permit them to yield rearwardl y under pressure, either separately or together.

The combined thickness of the two plates is equal to the width of the widest type in the case, and when the line in the receiver is filled and ready to be broken, should a type project only partially beyond the wall a, when the line-breaker begins to move forward, one or both of the plates will come in contact with such type and yiel d, permittingthe line-breaker to move on and eject theline from the reeeiver.

In practice the spurs t of the cam-wheel T should equal in number the teeth of the composing-wheel, andbe so timed with respect thereto that as each type is pressed into the receiver a spur, it, will be in position to strike the roller 3 and move the line-breaker. Inthe present instance, however, I have shown but half as many spurs as teeth in the composing wheel; but in case the'liuc should be filled, and a spur, t, not in position to strike the roller s another type may be added to the line by the composing-wheel, a tooth thereof pressing the additional type against the end of the line and forcing the receiver, galley, and linebreaker sidewise, these partsbeing all connected to a bed, having guides 0 which can move between the standards Q Q against a.

leaf-sprin g, Q}. By this additional movement of the parts a spur, t, will be brought into position to strike the roller s and operate the line-breaker.

In order to prevent the spring-operated a-butment or line-supporter Q from forcing the line backward and throwing the end type upon the composing-wheel immediately after the radial face of one of the teeth of said wheel passes below the bottom of the receiver, I have provided a brake-lever, u, pivoted to a bracket secured to the top ofthe wall 19, and havinga cam-foot, a, which presses upon the top edge of the said abutment, and binds it byaa jam ming action upon a seat, 2), projecting from the wall 1) against any tendency to move inward, but gives way when said abutment movesoutward. A springdatch, a is arranged in a socket in said brake-lever, and has a double-beveled tip adapted to engage with a correspondinglyshaped catch, a, projecting from the bracket a. When the abutment is moving outward,

step by step, the lever is pressed down, as

shown in Figs, 3 and 6, the latch taking under the catch; but when the abutment reaches the end ofits outward movement, a stud, c strikes the foot a, forcing the leverupward, thelatch slips past the catch and falls upon the upper beveled face thereof, releasing the abutment from the jam, and leavingit free to move inward after the line is ejected from the receiver, and the line-breaker returns to its place.

To prevent the types from falling outward away from the composing-wheel after they have been located upon the radial faces of the teeth thereof, and also to prevent one type from falling ahead of another, a stop, j, pro jects into. the channel on of the composingwheel at apoint where the centrifugal force of said wheel would have a tendency to throw outward the upper end of a type resting upon a tooth. The stop j is carried atthe end of an arm,J, the other end of which is pivoted to a standard J, projecting upward from the frame of the machine, and said arm has a downward-curved-taced projection, j standing in the path of a series of pins,j projecting from the composing-wheel opposite the radial faces of the respective teeth of said wheel.

When the radial face of a tooth ot' the wheel is directly in coincidence with the stopj, said stop rests upon the tooth and forms a continuation of its face, afiordin g a broad base for the foot of a type to strike; but as the tooth passes on, the stop is raised by the striking of one of the pins j upon the curved-faced projection of the arm J, in order to prevent the stop from scraping upon the type to retard it, but leaving said stop still in a position to prevent the type from falling outward. the stop j rests upon a tooth of the wheel it not only increases the base for the feet of the type to strike, but it also serves to prevent a type subsequently launched into the chute L from falling ahead of one which has been located in regular order upon a tooth of the composing-wheel.

The letter V indicates the main drivingshaft of the machine. It is journaled in bearingsin the standards V, rising from the base Z, and carries a gear-wheel, V which meshes with a pinion, c, having a bevel-gear, c, which meshes with another bevel-gearyc, carried on the end of the belt-pulley, the other belt-pulley, 2', being journaled at the other end of the frame G, which supports the table G and caseclamp G On the inner projecting end of the main driving-shaft is mounted a worm, U, which engages with a worm-gear, U, on the hub M of the composing-wheel. This hub,'which rotates on a stationary shaft or stud, also carries at its end a bevel-gear, M which meshes with another bevel-gear, T, on the end of the sl'laft which carries the cam-wheel T. The direction of the motion of the several rotary parts is indicated by arrows marked thereon.

The case-clamp G and frame G are supported. by, and in the present instance are cast in one piece with, a sleeve, IN, which surrounds and swings upon the main drivingshaft between the standards V, an arc-shaped slotted arm, 3 extending upward from an arm, 3 projecting from the front standard, and

serving, in connection with a screw, 1 tapped in the edge of the clamp, to support the whole in proper position. The object in thus swiveling the case clamp or holder is to bring it to a horizontal position for convenience of placin g therein a case filled with type, as, were the case mounted vertically, it would be necessary to support the type-rows in their channels during the operation.

The letter 3 indicates a button, the screwshank of which engages a screw-socket in the When back of the case, said button being adapted to catch over the sides of the open case-holder, and may be tightened orloosened by means of the screw y. ering-plate to protect the pushers from dust.

In the modification shown in Figs. 12 and 13, Sheet 6, and Fig. 14, Sheet 7, the conveying-belt I passes around a belt-rim, on, formed on the composing-wheel, said belt being so guided as to prevent its covering the channel of said wheel. The top of the wheel is in the same horizontal plane as the top of the beltcarrier. The letter m indicates guide-walls, which direct the types obliquely off the belt and into the channel of the wheel. These guide-wallsextend to within about the length of a type from the receiver, and in practice the space between said walls is covered, in order to prevent the types from flying ofi" when the belt is run at high speed. In this modification the cam-wheel and its co-operative devices, as heretofore described, for operating the line-breaker, are dispensed with, and in lieu thereof I use a combination of devices, which is clearly illustrated in Fig. 14, Sheet 7 In this figure the letter E indicates an approximately-vertical arm, having its lower end pivoted between ears on the bed or base of the machine, and provided with a toe, 0, under which extends a leaf-spring, e, secured to a suitable stud.

The upper end of the arm E is provided with a pin, E, projecting toward the side of the composing-wheel, and having a beveled face toward the center of said wheel. From the side of the composing-wheel, and near its periphery, project four studs, m, having their outer faces beveled. The path of these pins is such that when the wheel is turned they pass outside of the pin E when the arm E stands in its normal position.

To the arm R, which carries the line-breaker B, there is firmly secured an arm, F, extending alongside and slightly beyond the vertical arm E, and provided with a pin, g, which projects -laterall y across said arm.

The letter A designates a horizontal elbowlever pivoted to a stud, a, rising from the base of the machine. One arm, c of this lever extends across the face of the vertical arm E, on the opposite side from the pin g, and next to the galley, and the other arm, a of said lever extends under the arm R of the line-breaker, and in front of apin, w, projecting downward from said arm.

The letter W designates a belt-pulley upon the composing-wheel shaft.

The operation of the modification which I have now described is as follows: When the lengthening line of type deposited in the re ceiver has forced the abutment or line-supporter Q outward until it strikes its stop, the next type, which is pressed against the inner end of the line by a tooth of the com posingwheel, causes the line-receiver and galley to move bodily outward, the pin 9 of arm F pull- The letterz designates a coving the vertical arm 11- inthe same direction -until the beveled faceof pin E stands in the path of the beveled faces of studs m, and when the further rotation of the wheel causes the beveled face of one of said studs to strike that of thepin E, the arm E is forced still farther outward to wardthe galley and strikes the arm a of the lever A, causing the arm a of said lever to strike pin w, and force the arm R in a longitudinal direction, drawing up the line-breaker R and forcing the completed line into the galley. As soon the line is shifted from the receiver the stud m will have passed the pin E, the arm E is moved inwardly by the spring 6, the lever A is relieved of pressnre, and the springs forces the arm It. and line-breaker R back to their normal positions,

when the leaf-spring Q presses the galley and line-receiver also back to their proper place.

In the modification of the devices for operatin g the yielding abutment or type supporter, as shown clearly in Fig. 13, the line-breaker R is partly broken away, and the bottom r of the line-receiveris shown in section.

The abutment or yielding type-supporter Q is composed of two parts-q sliding 011 the upper surface of the bottomof the line-supporter, and q, acting as a guide and sliding against the under surface of said bottom, these two parts being connected rigidly attheir outer ends.

The letter W indicates a bent arm secured loosely to the outer endof the abutment Q by a pin, q", upon which pin said arm slides to and from the abutment. This arm W extends downwardly, and is then bent inwardly in a horizontal direction, terminating in an upward hook about opposite the vertical diameter of the composing-wheel.

The ping supports the arm WV at such a distance from the front of the machine that the hook on the inner end of said arm normally stands out of the path of certain pins m four of which project from the front side of the com posin g-wheel at equal distances apart, and

a little behind the bevel-faced studs m on the opposite side of said wheel when the wheel is moving in the proper direction.

The hooked end of arm \V rests in a guide, 10 Fig. 15, pivoted to and carried by two arms, w w, the arm 10 being a straight arm or link having its other end pivoted to a post of proper height standing on the base of the machine, the other arm, to, being a bent arm with its elbow pivoted to a similar post, 20 in a direct line with the post carrying the straight arm w. The inner end of this arm 10 stands in the path of one end of a bent arm, on, pivoted to the top of a post, m and the other end of said arm at extends across the face of the arm E on the side next the galley.

The arm W normally stands with its hook I clear of the pins m on the composing-wheel,

and the guide has its inner end, 3 beveled outwardly from the wheel, a pin, g standing adjacent to the beveled face of said end. Now

the abutment or line-supporter yields before the advancing line of type until it strikes its -sto'p'-iu thepresent instance ashoulder, p of the'front wall, 12, of the adjustable portion of the galley. As soon as the abutment strikes .this shoulder or stop and the galley andlinereceiver are moved outward, as before explained, the arm E begins to move in the same direction, and, striking the bent arm m causes it to move the bent arm w, and thus draw the guide toward the wheel and the hooked end of arm W in the path of the pins 022?, one of which strikes the hook (as soon as the beveled stud mhas passed the pin of arm E and the line-breaker has returned to its place) and forces the arm W inward longitudinally, and moving the abutment or typesupporter, of course, back into the line-receiver, ready to support the type and yield before the next advancing line. When the hooked end of arm W strikes the end Wall of the guide, said guide begins to move also, its beveled end striking the pin g and being forced away fromthe wheel until the hook is carried out of the path of the pins, in which position it moves back to the other end of the guide as a, new line is formed, and the operation described is repeated.

In Fig. 12 the letter K designates a keyboard, supportedby brackets affixed to the front wall of the, machine-frame. This keyboard has a suitably-supported inclined portion, K, in slots in which are fulcrumed rows of keys 70 the tails or inner ends of which op crate upon the ends of the bell-crank levers 70 having their other ends formed to rest against.

the heads of the plnngers which operate the type-pushers, as heretofore described and ex ilaincd. The conveying-belt and composingwheel are, of course, operated continuously by any desired motor, and the manipulation of the keys, through the intermediate devices already fully'described, causes the removal of the types from the case and their delivery to the conveying-belt.

NVhat I claim is- 1. The combination, in a type-setting ma chine, with a case or tray provided with side by-side channels for rows of type, keys or pushers for removing the type successively from said channels, and an endless belt traveling in a direction transverse to the discharge ends of said channels for receiving and conveying the type, of a device or devices for turning the type upon said belt, whereby a single narrow belt only is necessary for conveying the types and delivering them in po sition, substantially as set forth. 7

2. The combination, in a type-setting ma chine, of a series of side by-sidc type holding channels, each having at its delivery end a lateral recess extending from the inner sur face of one of its walls, a series of typepnshers playing laterally across said rests and adapted to force single types therefrom and into said recesses, and a common conveyingbelt adapted to receive type directly from all said recesses, substantially as described.

3. In a type-setting machine, the combination, with the case or tray rest B, provided with the side-by-side type passages or throats coinciding with the channels of the cases, of devices for removing type, one at a time, from said passages or throats, and the belt I, adapted to receive the type from all of said passages or throats, substantially as described.

4:- The combination of the case-restB, having the throats b, the series of pushers f, for removing single types from the lower ends of said throats, the belt I, traveling directly under and transversely with respect to said throats, devices for turning the type upon said belt, and suitable setting devices for receiving the types from said belt, substantially as described.

5. The combination, with the type setting and pushing wheel and the yielding type-receiver, of the galley O and the automatic linebreaker R, substantially as described.

6. The combination, with the type setting and pushing wheel and receiver, of the abutment Q, carrying pin or projection q, lever S, link 8, lever S, spril'lg-actuated shaft S carrying roller 8 toothed-wheel T, and linebreaker R, substantially as described.

7. The combination, with the type-receiver having the passage-way n and the galley O, of the line-breaker It, having the yielding plates 4" r substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

8. The combination, with the yielding and automatically-retractile abutment Q, carrying the pin 21 of the brake-lever 21, having the cam-foot u, adapted to press upon said abutment, substantially as described.

9. The combination of the type-channels I), devices for removing single types from said channels, belt I, for receiving the type therefrom. and the pins 70, arranged above said belt and in the path of the types, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

10. The combination, with thetype setting and pushing wheel, of the yielding-type-receiver, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

11. The combination, with the toothed setting or composing Wheel M, carrying'the pins f, of the lever J, carrying stop j, and having the dowl'iwardly-curved projection j substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

12. The combination, with the type-channels and type-rests arranged thereunder, of the pushers f, having flat shanksf, provided with oblique slots f and the spring-keys H, provided with pins h, extending into said slots, substantially as described.

In testimony that I. claim the foregoing I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of the subscribing witnesses.

- JOHN NORTH. Witnesses:

JAMES L. Normrs, JAMES A. RUTHERFORD.

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