US2216878A - Method of forming detents - Google Patents

Description

1940- LE ROY F. DENSMORE 2,216,878

METHOD OF FORMING DETINTS r11 "r11 4. 193a INVENTOR. LEROY F. DENSMORE.

ATTORNEY.

Patented Oct. 8, 1 940 PATENT oFFlcs METHOD FORMING DET'ENTS I Leroy F. Densmore, Kenosha, Wis., assignor to Snap-OnTools, Inc., Kenosha, Wis., a corporation of Delaware Application April 4, 1938, Serial No. 199,804

6 Claims. (01. 29-148) 'I'his invention relates to spring impelled .detents and theirmethod of confinement, although certain features thereof may be employed with equal advantage for other purposes.

It contemplates more especially the provision of novel means for more effectively swaging the periphery of a recess to confine instrumentalities therein such as spring impelled detents.

The usual swaging operation commands the use of a die or punch that has a smooth peripheral cutting outline to. uniformly displace the metal around the open orifice of a recess so as to retain the detent or other instrumentality therein. It has been found through long usage that such swaging operations and methods of forming indentures do not effectivelyretain the detent in position in that the metal defining the orifice is compressed down into the recess rather then extended radially inward near the surface of the hole to render the swaging effective. By so doing, the usual swaging die presses the material around the recess downwardly and in a direction parallelto the axis of the recess so as to effect only slight inward extension in the material in partially closing the opening.

With the teachings of the present invention, the swaging effect is produced so as to cause the material to fiow radially inward near the surface of the metal to effectively provide a substantia1 enclosure for the recess opening ,to retain a spring impelled detent or other instrumentalities therein.

One object of the present invention is to provide an improved method of swaging the material surrounding the opening of a recess so as to effectively retaininstrinnentalities such as a spring impelled detent therein.

Another object is to provide a detent con fining recess by resort to an improved swaging operation.

Still another object is to irregularly swage the region of an open end recess by applying alternately varying degrees of cold metal flowing force to partially enclose said opening against removal'of the detent.

A further object is to impart a serrated swaging effect to the open end region of a recess to effectively retain an instrumentality such as a detent therein.

A still further object is to partially closethe open end of a recess by irregularly swaging the region thereof along radially converging lines to partially enclose the detent.

Still a further object is to provide a v serrated orifice defining the open end of a reradially cess to effectively retain a detent or other in-,

strumentality therein.

Other objects and advantages willappear from the following descriptionof an illustrative embodiment of the present invention.

In the drawing:

Figure l is a fragmentary side view of a wrench socket handle showing theusual and customary swaged recess therein; this forming no part of the invention and merely being illustrated to show the known swaging operation.

Figure 2 is a sectional view taken substantially along line II-II of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a fragmentary side view of the usual swaging tool that is used in producing a swaging effect as shown in Figures 1 and 2, parts thereof being broken away to clarify the showing.

Figure 4 is a side view in elevation of a socket shank showing the initial step of drilling or otherwise forming a recess in the polygonal extension thereof, parts thereof being broken away to clarify the showing.

Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 4 showing the next step of inserting a spring and detent on the recess.

Figure 6 is a View similar to Figure 5 showing the next sequential step of impacting the orifice defining region of a recess in a manner embodying features of the present invention.

Figure 7 is a view similar to Figure 6 showing the resultant effect produced with the toolshown in Figure 6 as a result of the impact produced therein.

Figure 8 is a fragmentary end view in elevation of the device shown in Figure 7.

Figure 9 is a fragmentary side view of an improved swaging tool embodying features of the present invention, the swaging head being partially broken away to clarify the showing.

Figure 10 is a plan or end View of a sWaging tool head embodying features of the present invention.

The structure selected for illustration in Figures l to 3 show the usual type of swaging tool and'effect produced therewith. This illustrated embodiment comprises a handle shank lil which terminates in any suitable type of extension which, in this instance, has a polygonal socket receiving portion II of reduced dimensional extent so as to define a shoulder l2 against which the socket will rest. A recess I3 is drilled or otherwise formed transversely in the socket receiving portion I] so as to extend transversely therethrough for substantially the entire extent thereof so as to define an open end recess having a closed bottom I4. The recess I3 serves to confine any suitable form of instrumentality which, in this instance, comprises the usual coil spring I5 haVing a diameter somewhat smaller than the recess I3 so as to serve as a resilient support for a detent I 6. The detent I6 is, in this instance, of spherical configuration and serves to frictionally engage the polygonal aperture provided in a wrench socket so as to serve as a complement of the shank extension II, thereby effecting engagement therebetween owing to the resilient urge of the spring I5 on the detent I6.

I It is necessary, or at least highly desirable, that the spring impelled detent I6 should be retained within the recess I3 against accidental displacement therefrom and this is usually accomplished by smoothly swaging the periphery around the open end of the recess I3 so as to provide depressed countersunk formation I! which tends to slightly diminish the extent of the recess opening so as to preclude the detent I6 from being displaced therefrom. To this end, the diameter of the detent I6 conforms very closely to the interior of the recess I3 so that the slight diminishment in the size of the recess opening created by the smooth peripheral swage II will be effective to preclude the removal of the detent I6. It should be observed that the smooth peripheral swage II (Figures 1 to 3) is formed depressing the material downward and in axial alignment with the diameter of the recess I3 to the end that only a very slight portion thereof is displaced inwardly in a radial direction to define a slight peripheral abutment I8.

In consequence thereof, the spring I5 will normally urge the detent I 6 against a slight peripheral abutment I8 created by the swaged countersunk peripheral depression I1. This is accomplished by resort to a die having a cylindrical shank I9 that terminates in an inwardly tapered end 20 having a recess 2I in the end thereof that serves as a cutting die to depress the metal downwardly into the recess I3 and simultaneously causing a slight inward peripheral abutment I8 serving as a retainer for the detent I6. This type of swaging or embossing tool is used on hardened metal so that the body around the drilled hole is compressed considerably. As a result of this action a comparatively small portion of the metal which is moved or displaced radially toward the center of the hole is quite brittle. After use for confinement of a spring impelled detent this brittle peripheral retainer edge breaks off in the form of a small ring with the result that the spring impelled detent drops out of the enclosure. This type of swaging has been resorted to for many years and was thought practical in the absence of an improved structure that the art sought, and was used in the absence of a more effective expedient.

It has been found, however, that this type of structure can be rendered more effective by providing the usual recess I3 in a polygonal shank I4 that serves as an extension of a shank I0. The recess I3 is of the usual construction, and a spring I5 is confined therein to impart an outward urge to the detent I 6. To this extent, the steps of forming an effective swage are similar to those described in the previous embodiment, but the swaging effect is far more pronounced and of increased effectiveness by resorting to a die I9 having its tapered extreme region 20 provided with an improved cutting extremity 2|. The cutting extremity 2I of the cutting die is, in this instance, provided with radially disposed grooves 22 that provide a serrated concave surface 23.

The serrated concave surface 23 presents radially disposed and spaced interrupted swaging teeth 24 that present a serrated peripherally interrupted edge on the die I9 that serve to swage the region of an open end 25 of the recess I3. It is to be noted that the extent of the concavity 23 in the end of the die I9 is such as to present a rather sharp peripheral serrated edge 24% along a diameter that is just slightly larger than the diameter of the recess I3 so as to effect an irregular indenture 26 for each tooth 24 on the die I9 to the end of causing the metal to flow inwardly toward the axis of the recess I3 to define spaced prongs 27 that present appreciably greater retaining influence on the detent I fijthan the smooth peripheral swage I'I described supra.

This is effected by irregularly swaging the region of the open end of the recess I3 by applying slightly varying degrees of impacting force occasioned by the serrated peripheral edge 2|. The angular peripheral edge 2! effectively flow the material inwardly owing to the split Wedging effect produced therewith (Figures 6 and 7) so that less impacting force is necessary and the resulting depression is less pronounced and in a position nearer the outer surface of the recess I3 (Figure '7) rather than pressing the metal down into the body surrounding the recess I3 (Figure 1). In other words, with the same impact and correspondingly sized dies I 9 and I9, the former will tend to depress the metal downwardly into the body surrounding the recess I3 and along a path parallel to the axis of the recess I3 to the extent of giving only nominal inward radial material flow to partially enclose the open end of the recess I3 (Figure 1). With the teachings of the present invention, however, the die I9 only nominally presses the metal downwardly and causes appreciably greater inward flow to form a substantial peripheral retaining swage 27! (Figure 7) to more effectively limit the outer movement of the spring impelled detent I6.

In the latter embodiment embodying teachings of the present invention, the inward wedge indenture or peripheral angular depression 26 of the metal around the opening is spaced somewhat beyond the diameter of the recess I3 so as to inwardly spread the body proximate to the recess end 25 or flow the mass inwardly and upwardly to define the substantial peripheral projection 21 that effectively retains the detent I6. The sharp peripheral serrated edge 24 tends to move the material inwardly toward the center of the hole and always upwardly to define a substantially peripheral projecting body 27 which will not break loose from normal usage of the detent I6. By resort to the usual swaging die I9, however, the material around the recess opening II is depressed substantially downwardly along the diameter of the recess 53 (Figure 1) rather than radially inward therebeyond so as to only form a comparatively slight peripheral brittle edge resulting from the inward flow of metal that is usually termed a swaging operation, this being readily seen from the comparative showings in Figures 1 to 3, on one hand, and in Figures 7 to 9 inclusive, on the other hand. As a result,

strued as limitations upon the invention, its concept or structural embodiment as to the whole or any part thereof except as defined in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A method of forming a metal detent retaining recess which consists in recessing a shank member to define an open end, then inserting a loosely fitting detent through said open end for lodgement in the recess, and then partially closing said open end by swaging indentations irregularly depressed axially toward the region of said open end to partially enclose said opening against removal of the detent.

2. A method of forming a metal detent retaining recess which consists in rec-essing a shank member to define an open end, then inserting a loosely fitting detent through said open end for lodgement in the recess, and then partially closing said open end by irregularly swaging axially toward the region of said open end to partially enclose said opening against removal of the detent.

3. A method of forming a metal detent retaining recess which consists in recessing a shank member to define an open end, then inserting a loosely fitting detent through said open end for lodgement in the recess, and then partially closing said open end by irregularly swaging said shank member in the region of said open end along radial converging lanes to partially enclose said opening against removal of the detent.

4. A method of forming a metal detent retaining recess which consists in recessing a shank member to define an open end, then inserting a looselyfitting detent through said open end for lodgement in the recess, and then partially closing said open end by irregularly swaging indentations in said shank member adjacent the region of said open end by applying alternately varying degrees of cold metal flowing force to partially enclose said opening against removal of the detent.

5. A method of forming a metal detent retaining recess which consists in recessing a shank member to define an open end, then inserting a loosely fitting detent through said openend for lodgement in the recess, and then partially closing said open end by circumferentially indenting and swaging the material of said shank member adjacent the open end therein along diametrical lines slightly beyond the wall of said recess to radially tend to close the open end thereof.

6. A method of forming a metal detent retaining recess which consists in recessing a shank member to define an open end, then inserting a loosely fitting detent through said open end for lodgement in the recess, and then partially clos-' ing said shank member adjacent in the region of the open end by circumferentially and alternately indenting the material along a diameter slightly beyond the wall of said recess to radially tend to close the open end thereof.

LEROY F. DENSMORE.

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