US2216643A - Arrhythmic telewriter - Google Patents

Arrhythmic telewriter Download PDF

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Publication number
US2216643A
US2216643A US85969A US8596936A US2216643A US 2216643 A US2216643 A US 2216643A US 85969 A US85969 A US 85969A US 8596936 A US8596936 A US 8596936A US 2216643 A US2216643 A US 2216643A
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Prior art keywords
transmission
translation
combination
key
keyboard
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US85969A
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English (en)
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Estoup Jean
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Individual
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Individual
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L17/00—Apparatus or local circuits for transmitting or receiving codes wherein each character is represented by the same number of equal-length code elements, e.g. Baudot code
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/38—Synchronous or start-stop systems, e.g. for Baudot code
    • H04L25/40—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits
    • H04L25/42—Transmitting circuits; Receiving circuits using mechanical distributors

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a new' telegraphic apparatus of the so-called arrhythmic type, emitting and receiving signals composed of '7 impulses in accordance vwith the international code,
  • the transmission is ef- 0 fcc-ted through the medium of an automatic sending key, the contacts of which are set in position by a Amechanism provided with 5 combs, actuated by the keys and the' currents of which are trans- 1 mitted to the line through the medium of contacts carried by a iirst plate in front of which move brushes which are started by depression of a key, the stoppage automatically taking place as'soon as the combination typed has been transmitted.
  • The. apparatus gives a contro-l translation of the letter emitted by means of a set of levers controlling a printing mechanism provided with type bars and similar to that of ordinary typewriters.
  • the reception is effected by means of a second plate opposite which move brushes which direct the local currents, arising from a relay fed by the line currents, on switching electromagnets similar to' those of Baudotap-paratus and which control thevtranslation mechanism in conditions identical to those of the translation controlling the transmission.
  • the apparatus which is provided with all the mechanisms of an ordinary telewriter, is moreover .provided with a two-color ribbon mechanism, which'latter will be extremely useful on the telewriter-the apparatus writing in black all the signals received, and in red all thesignals emitted, for instance, the differentiation of the parts transmitted and of the parts received, which is essential, will thus be very visible and immediate; and, on apparatus writing on a sheet, itis provided with a return mechanism, lsimilar to those of ordinary typewriters, the manipulation of which will move both associated carriages aspace back and which will be indispensable on a machine on which the operator could up to now correct his errors only by writing XX and by beginning the wrong or faulty part over again, this compelling his correspondent to look for eventual errors and to. rectify them by hand.
  • the motor actuating the mechanisms is started ry the depression of vany key, or by the reception of a start impulse; it is maintain-ed in operation by the transmission or reception of any signals and automatically stops'40 seconds after the transmission or reception of the last signal.
  • the emission ror reception of the figures combination moves all the rtype bars, secured on a sector, to 'gures,postion.
  • the emission or 5 reception ofthe letters combination restores all the type bars to letters position.
  • the emission or reception, in fgures position, of the combination J actuates a call bell.
  • the reception,'in 'gures position, of the combination D locks a device emitting ⁇ a call signal.
  • the type strike upon the paper driven by a wheel the forward movementof which is caused by a pawl after each depression of a type bar key.
  • the paper is held, by 'a pressure device; on a roll or cylinder carried by a carriage lwhichl moves to the extent of one space after'eachdepression 20 of a type bar key bythe action of an escapement identical to those'of typewriters. l
  • the striking or the combination return'iof the carriage causes'the engagement oa device which'brings back the paper to' thebegin'ning of the line.
  • the 25 striking of the combination i between lines causes the paper to advance Vtc 'the extent of one line.
  • the striking,4 in,'gures position, of' the combination F moves the carriage back one sp-ace in ther same conditions as the "return mechanism of typewriters.
  • the apparatus forming the subject-matter of the present patent utilises plates swept by brushes for the transmission and reception, preferably to'any other' device, such as contacts operated by cams, etc., the said mechanism ⁇ giving the possibility of utilising at the reception shortened contacts, at lthe transmission and at 'the receptioncoritacts for discharging the line, in all cases contacts of rigorously determined duration, and of'a receiving relay allowing to operate on'theline with currents'of very- ⁇ small intensity; 'the combination of these devices ensures satisfactory ⁇ reoep't'ion's'on lines either very long, or of great capacity, and, all the more, on short l linesof small capacity.
  • control translation is effected mechanically, without ⁇ the intervention of any'electric device, this allowing Ato further improve the telegraphic 'qualities of the apparatus by avoiding the operation in series or in parallel of two relays, one at each end of the line,]fand to give tothe control translation a fixed.' and extremely'lsh'ort duration, of the order 55 of 8 hundredths ci a second, after the depression of each key, so that the typist has not the extremely disagreeable sensation of typing out of time when the control translation is effected by the apparatus, as this is usually done on actual telewriters, 15 to 25 hundredths of a second after depression of the key.
  • each of the apparatus connected is, when its motor is operating and in the absence of any emission, in position for reception; it suiiices for any one of the two typists to depress a key in order that his apparatus should come in position fortransmission, the second one receiving the currents emitted without having any mechanism to manipulate for placing, previously to the typing, one of the apparatus in position for transmission and the other in position for reception.
  • the time necessary for the transmission of a combination is of 15 hundredths of a second and the time necessary for its electric reception of 12 hundredths of a second, the diiference of 3 hundredths of a second provided being sucient for ensuring, on the one hand, the operation ofthe locking device of the receiving brushes and, on the other hand, the taking up of the differences of synchronism, ever important, between the two apparatus.
  • Fig. l is a diagram of the electric circuits of the apparatus.
  • Fig. 2 shows the connections for starting and stopping the motor actuating the mechanisms.
  • Figs. 3 and 4 illustrate the mechanism for selecting, transmitting and translating the signals manipulated, as Well as the mechanism for translating the signals received.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates the locking device for the cams and transmission brushes.
  • Fig. 6 shows the locking device for the receiving brushes.
  • Fig. 7 illustrates the escapement control for the carriage.
  • Fig. 8 shows the carriage return mechanism
  • Fig. 9 illustrates the line spacing mechanism.
  • the apparatus essentially comprises a transmitting plate I, a receiving plate 2, an automatic sending key 3, a relay 4, a starting electromagnet 5, a series of 5 switching electromagnets 6a to 5e, and a local supply device 1.
  • the brushes 8 and 9 give the line to the receiving relay 4, the line current holding the armature oiv the relay on the rest position.
  • the receiving brushes II give the local positive current tothe starting electromagnet 5, but the starting circuit is held open by the rest current'.
  • the contacts of the automatic sending key 3v When a key is depressedfthe beginning of the stroke has for effect to place, through a mechanism described later on, the contacts of the automatic sending key 3v in the required position.
  • the contact Ial is connected to the positive pole, as well as the contact Ib, and the contacts Ic, Id and Ie are connected to the negative pole.
  • the end of the displacement of the key causes, through a mechanism described later on, the locking of the shaft carrying the transmitting brushes.
  • the brushes 8 and 9 are driven by the mechanism at a constant speed of 200 revolutions per minute.
  • the brush 9 reaching the point I2 puts in communication, through the medium of the contact I3 and resistance I4, the relay 4 with the positive local current, thus holding the armature on the rest position during the entire emission and preventing a false starting of the receiving brushes.
  • the armature of the relay moves, supplying local current to the starting electromagnet 5 which, through a locking device described later on, causes the receiving brushes II to start for effecting one revolution, at the constant speed of 500 revolutions per minute.
  • the receiving crown has 6 useful contacts and 5 insulated contacts, the line currents are received on shortened contacts as on Baudot apparatus. Each useful contact is therefore reached, as will be shown by a simple calculation, 2 hundredths of a second after the preceding one, this ensuring the synchronism between the two apparatus.
  • the brushes reaching contact 2a transmit, if, at this moment, the relay receives a positive impulse, the local current to the electromagnet 6a, and nothing if it receives a negative impulse.
  • the releasing device it controls operates therefore if th-e impulse a received by the relay is positive, and it remains stationary if this impulse is negative.
  • the electromagnets Ii-b, 6c, 6d and 5e are likewise supplied with current if when the brushes pass in front of their respective contacts, the relay receives a positive impulse, and said electromagnets remain at rest if the relay receives a negative impulse.
  • the receiving sector can be moved about the shaft I 'I for setting it as with Baudot apparatus.
  • the setting will be effected by local current.
  • the apparatus can also be arranged for operating with simple current supplied by a central battery, the interruptions of passage of the current taking the place of the negative impulses.
  • the relay is so adjusted as to be held at rest by the positive permanent line current for which the positive local current is substituted during the transmission.
  • the motor I8 is connected to the mains through the medium of a mercury switch I9 secured on a plate 2
  • Tne plate 20 is restored to working position Vby the starting eleotromagnet 2l connected to the mains through the medium of two contacts 22 and 23 respectively held open, as described later i on, by the lever for starting the receiving brushes and by the lever used for locking the transmission cams.
  • the contact 23 is. closed, thus closing, for half a revolution of the transmission brushes the circuit of thestarting electro-magnet 2l.
  • the motor starts and each depression of a key restores the switch to working position. If the apparatus receives a negative impulse, the relay supplying local current to the starting electromagnet ⁇ 5, releases the lever starting the receiving brushes, thus causing the closing oi contact 22 for one revolution of the brushes and, consequently, the starting of the motor.
  • the reception proceeding, the switch is restored by each depression of a. key to working position.
  • the letter A includes, besides the negative start emission and the positive stop emission, two vpositive emissions followed by three negative emissions.
  • the selecting comb 21a carries, at its lower part, inclined projections facing th-e key levers controlling a positive a impulse, and a gap facing 'the key levers controlling a negative a impulse. Likewise, the combs 21o, 21o, 21d, 21e are moved towards the right when the corresponding impulse is positive, and they remain in position when it is a negative impulse.
  • Each of the controller combs is held in the position where it has been pushed back by a roller 43 pressed 'by a spring 44. It moves the Contact 45 towards one or the other of the abutments 46, connected to the positive pole, or 41 connected to the negative pole.
  • the set of contacts constitutes the automatic sending key.
  • the ycombination typed is therefora'immediately after starting the transmitting cams, recorded, on the one hand, in the automatic sending key and, on the other hand, in the controller constituted by the set of controller combs.
  • the controller combs 42 are provided, at their upper part, with a series of notches so made that the comb presents a gap to all the selecting levers 48 the combination of which corresponds to the position ,given to the corn-b 42, and a solid portion to all those the combination of which does not correspond ⁇ to this position.
  • the selecting levers 48 are constantly urged to fall by their own weight and by the spring 49. They are held in raised position. by the plate'l of the universal bar on which they bear through the medium of a roller 52.
  • Thetransmitting shaft drives a striking cam which, through Va set of levers (not shown), causes the universal bar .5
  • the sleeve of the transmitting cams ycarries a so-called locking cam which, by means ⁇ of a series of levers (not shown) acts on the universal bar 35.
  • the .locking cam carries a projection which, after one hundredth of a second, .strikes :upon the universal bar, giving to the typist the tactile order to raise ⁇ the finger. yThe touch of the machine vwill thus approximate that of type- Writers.' Ten hundredths of a second after the lbeginning of the transmission, the locking cam completely lifts the universal bar 35 and, consequently, the whole of the keys.
  • the apparatus is thus ready for a new typing operation and for transmitting the corresponding combination.
  • the auxiliary comb 59 carries a projection which, bearing on a roller, holds it in the position where it has been left by the last movement imparted thereto. It is pushed back towards the left by the letters key, and to the right by the figures key, or reversely.
  • the auxiliary comb 66 carries two inclines operated by the figures and letters selecting levers in conditions similar to the auxiliary comb 59. It prevents, in figures position, levers D, F and J from falling, and, in letters position it prevents the fall of the levers controlling the call signal emitting, carriage return, and bell movements.
  • carries a notched sleeve 62.
  • drives a toothed sleeve 63 which, sliding with slight friction on a square portion of the sleeve 62, can come in engagement with a toothed sleeve 65, rigid with a gear wheel 64, loosely rotatingabout shaft 6
  • the sleeve 62 is provided with two diametrally opposed notches into which enter, in position of rest, a roller 66 carried by a lever 61, which can come in engagement with the universal ba-r 35 of the key levers 25.
  • the lever 61 restored by a spring 68, pivots about the pivot pin 69. It drives, through a roller 16, the sleeve 63.
  • the lever 61 presses, by its end 1 I, on a contact blade 12, thus establishing a starting contact which is maintained during all the time the engagement lasts, that is to say during half a revolution of the brushes at Ieach transmission.
  • the receiving brushes (not shown) are rigidly secured on ⁇ a shaft 13, which can be driven by a fork 14 carrying a roller 15 and a member 16.
  • the fork 14 can pivot about a fictitious axis constituted by two diametrally opposed pivots 11 and 18 secured on a sleeve fast on the shaft 13.
  • roller 15 rests ⁇ at the bottom of a notch provided in a fixed sleeve 8
  • a spring 81 holds the roller 15 at the bottom of its notch.
  • a spring 88 lconstantly restores the lever 85.
  • the relay When the relay receives a negative impulse, its armature, by moving, sends a local current in the startingelecromagnet 86, the attracted armature of which releases the lever 85, moving the roller 15 from left to right.
  • the fork 14 rocks about its pivots 11 and 18 and the toothed part 16 meshes with the teeth of the sleeve 80, causingthe starting of shaft 13.
  • the engagement is effected, it is maintained by the roller 15 bearing on the sleeve 8
  • the roller 15 pushes back a roller 89 carried by a lever 99 which rocks, causing the engagement, for one revolution of the shaft, ⁇ of the receiving cams with a toothed wheel loosely rotating about said shaft at a constant speed of 500 revolutions per minute, by a device similar to the engaging device (Fig. 5) of the transmission shaft 6
  • the roller 15 engages with a boss 9
  • the latter being pushed back, rocks about its pivot pin 92, allowing the return of the armature ofthe starting electromagnet 86, which arma.- ture prevents the return of the lever 85.
  • the roller 15 the-n engages with the roller 82 which, under the pull of the spring 81, rapidly pushes it back to the bottom of the notch formed in the Xed sleeve 8
  • the translation of the signal received is effected in conditions very similar to the control translation.
  • Call signal emitter When the apparatus receives the combination call signal, a set of levers (not shown) causes the engagement of the clutch similar to that of the trans-mission shaft which drives a shaft 95 at the constant speed of one revolution in 3.3 seconds. Fingers 96, secured on the shaft 95, successively come in engagement with projections 91 carried by corresponding lever's 98, which automatically manipulate the emission of the call signal.
  • the levers are so arranged that'the engagement can take place only if the transmission shaft is in position of rest.
  • Change of figures and lettera-The change of letters and .change of figures levers respectively move, through a mechanism similar to that well known in typewriters, the type barcarrying segment to such a position that it prints either in letters, or in figures.
  • the advance to the extent of one space after each typing of a letter or gure is obtained by an escapement similar to those of typewriters and operated by the universal bar
  • is transmitted to the escapement by a lever
  • the transmission of the movement is ensured by the member
  • 04 is constantly pulled by a spring
  • the selecting lever IIB transmits its movement, through a set of suitable levers, to a disengaging pawl
  • the latter when rocking, releasesA a lever
  • the engagement is effected and the carriage is returned at a constant speed.
  • n c When the carriage has reached the graduationfrO, la finger
  • 22 actuates, through a suitable transmissionl a bar
  • the apparatus is provided with a back spacing mechanism similar to those of ordinary typewriters and operated by the corresponding selecting lever by means of a suitable set of levers.
  • Tfelegralphic apparatus of the start-stop type comprising in combination al keyboard having keys acted upon by an operator, a selecting mechanism combined with the keys of said keyboard determining the polarities of the impulses to be transmitted when la key is depressed, a mechanism effecting the transmission to a dis- The ⁇ tance of a predetermined combination according to the condition of members controlling the polarities of the impulses
  • said translation controller members according to: the condition of said selecting mechanism combined with the keys of said keyboard during the transmission of the start impulse when a key of said keyboard is actuated.
  • said controller translation combs and means combined with said rotary transmission mechanism for placing in position said controller translation combs rigid with said transmission contacts according to the position occupied by said needles during the transmission of the start impulse of a combination when a key of said keyboard has been depressed.
  • JEAN ESTOUP Also known as Henri Estoup.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Common Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Impression-Transfer Materials And Handling Thereof (AREA)
US85969A 1935-06-19 1936-06-18 Arrhythmic telewriter Expired - Lifetime US2216643A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR803401T 1935-06-19

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US (1) US2216643A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE468370A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR803401A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB459646A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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FR803401A (fr) 1936-09-30
GB459646A (en) 1937-01-12
BE468370A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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