US2213795A - Hot-air heating plant - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 3, 1940. F. WA RD 'HoT-AiR HEATING PLANT 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Dec. 13, 1937 F0 1? Ward,

INVENTOR.

A TTORNEYS.

Sept. 3, 1940. F. WARD 2,213,795

' HOT-AIR HEATING PLANT Filed Dec. 13, 193', s Sheets-Sheet 2 ,ZPG 7 Ward INVENTOR.

A TTORNEYS.

I. F. WARD HOT-AIR HEkTING PLANT Sept. 3, 1940.

"Find 05. x3. 1937 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Ira j? h/arafi INVENTOR.

' 14 r-romvsm Patented Sept. 3, 1940 UNE'FEE fiTATE .i ATEN'l @FFEQE 2 Claims.

The objects of this invention are to provide an efiicient means whereby heat which ordinarily is lost in the products of combustion proceeding from a heater, may be saved, fuel cost being reduced. Another object of the invention is to provide novel means whereby a room may be heated rapidly and evenly, the pure air in the room being given a proper circulation, the heater being relieved readily of its heat, and there being no over-burning of the air, and no heating of the heater to a degree likely to cause conflagration or shorten the effective life of the heater through deterioration. Another object of the invention is to improve specifically, the means whereby the heat is abstracted from the products of combustion.

It is within the province of the disclosure to improve generally and to enhance the utility of devices of that type to which the present invention appertains.

With the above and other objects in view, which will appear as the description proceeds, the invention resides in the combination and arrangement of parts and in the details of construction hereinafter described and claimed, it being understood that changes in the precise embodiment of the invention herein disclosed, may be made within the scope of what is claimed, without departing from the spirit of the invention.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 shows in vertical longitudinal section, a. device constructed in accordance with the invention;

Fig. 2 is a vertical section at right angles to the cutting plane in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a cross section on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a cross section on the line ilof Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a cross section on the line 55 of Fig.

Fig. 6 is a fragmental vertical section showing part of the casing which is included in the outlet conduit for the products of combustion;

Fig. 7 is a fragmental top plan, showing the dome and the casing;

Fig. 8 is a vertical section through one of t. e cold air flues and attendant parts.

In the drawings, the numeral l marks the body of a heater, having a combustion chamber 2. The heater whereof the body 2 forms a part may be of any desired construction, and as to the specific form that the heater may take, the showing of the drawings is illustrative merely, and

imposes no limitations. The heater body I is shown as being equipped with a grate 3, but anything suitable for the end in view may replace the grate, and any sort of fuel may be used. A ventilated dome 4 is attached in any appropriate way, as indicated at 56, to the upper end of the heater body l, and forms a continuation of the combustion chamber 2. It will be understood without a specific showing in the drawings that the body i and the dome 4 may be made in one piece if desired.

Located at the back of the heater body I is a casing 5, forming part of the exit conduit for the products of combustion, the products of com bustion passing from the combustion chamber 2 into the casing 5, through registering openings 5 in the body I and in the casing 5, the openings being located near the lower end of the casing. In order to prevent too ready an exit for the products of combustion, to constrain them to pass more completely upwardly into the drum 4, and in order to heat more effectively certain instrumentalities hereinafter described, an inwardly sloping bafiie l is disposed opposite the openings 6 and is securerd at its lower edge to the heater body 5. The products of combustion leave the casing 5 through an outlet 8 at the top thereof.

In the casing 5 is located an upper header 9 and a lower header Hl connected by tubes H, which may be of the sinuous form shown, or of any other desired construction. The lower head 89 is located immediately below the openings 6 and preferably forms part of the bottom of the casing 5. The header in has a nipple iii to which a cold air supply pipe M is joined, the pipe extending downwardly to a point where cold air is likely to be encountered. The ends of the upper header 9 open at 92 through the top of the casing 5.

Cold air admission fiues i? are located at 0pposite sides of the heater body I and both the fiues I? and the pipe i l have side inlet openings i8 governed by pivotally mounted automatically operating dampers i9. The dampers l9 are provided at their upper ends with offset weights, as shown in Fig. 8, whereby the dampers will tend to swing by gravity across the flues ill and the pipe i l, to an inclined position, and in open relation to the apertures l8. Air, therefore, can enter the flues ii and the pipe M, through the openings 68, by natural draft, but air can enter under forced draft, through a pipe 20 connected to the fiues ll and to the pipe Hi. Under forced draft, the dampers l9 will close, the dampers then assuming, with respect to the openings I8,

the dotted line position shown in Fig. 8. The pipe comprises a part 2!, to which a blower (not shown) may be connected.

Horizontal, elongated air receivers 22 are located in oppositely disposed relation in the lower portion of the dome 4 and have nipples 23 that extend through the walls of the dome l, the nipples communicating with the upper ends of the air admission flues ll. The flues ll need not occupy the positions shown in the drawings. The inner wall of each air receiver 22 has an outwardly projecting V-shaped spreader 24, projecting toward the corresponding nipple 23, the spreaders aiding in causing the air to flow in opposite directions in each air receiver 22, as the air enters the air receiver by way of the nipple Double-branched tubes 21 are provided and are located near the top of the dome 4. At their outer ends, the double-branched tubes 21 extend downwardly at a slant, as shown at 25, and are connected directly with the ends of the receivers 22, as shown at 2%. The tubes 2: present a large area in the dome 4, for the extraction of heat. The inner portions of the tubes 2? slant upwardly and communicate at their inner ends, as indicated at 28, with a closed-bottomed thimble 28 secured to the top of the dome d, and opening through the top of the dome. The branches of the tubes 2i diverge as they extend away from the points 26, and then converge to their places of communication with the thimble 28. If the heated air is to be used for raising the temperature of a remote room, a flue 2%], of any desired length, shown in Figs. 1 and 2, is mounted on the upper end of the thimble 28. If, however, only the temperature of the room in which the heater is located is to be raised, then, of course, the conducting flue 29 will be omitted. Both remote and local rooms may be heated at the same time, if desired, inasmuch as the heater body I will throw off heat by radiation in the ordinary way, in addition to the results peculiar to the device forming the subject-matter of this invention.

It will be understood that passages such as those shown at 26, 2|, 8, 22, 23, 25 and 26 may be of any desired size. The device embodies separate and distinct features functioning independently, or together, or in pairs. Those features include the throwing off of heat from the heater in the usual manner, the structure embodying the heat interchange mechanism in the dome t and attendant parts, and the means including the casing 5 and attendant parts whereby air is heated by escaping products of combustion.

The operation of the device is as follows:

The products of combustion enter the casing 5, from the combustion chamber 2, by way of the openings t, and leave the top of the casing by way of the outlet 8. Cold air enters the lower end of the air supply pipe M, automatically opening the damper it of the pipe I l, and passes upwardly through the pipe It into the lower header it]. Thence, the air passes through the pipes H, and through the upper header 9, the air passing out by way of the openings 52. It will be obvious that since the headers It and 9, and the tubes l I, are located in the casing 5, the air passing through the parts I0, 5 l and 9 will be heated by the products of combustion.

The deflector or bafiie l directs the products of combustion, to considerable extent, upwardly into the dome 4, and, therefore, there is a heating of the air receivers 22, and the double branched tubes 21 of Fig. 3, the air passing through these parts being heated accordingly, and finding an exit through the thimble 28 into the room wherein the heater is located: or into some remote place, if the flue 29 of Figs. 1 and 2 is employed. As hereinbefore explained, both local and remote rooms may be heated at once, by the device shown in the drawings.

The air to be heated enters the lower portions, of the lines Ill and the pipe I4, by way of the openings l8, if the device is operated by natural draft, the dampers 59 opening by gravity: or by way of the pipe 20, if the apparatus is operated by forced draft. In the case of forced draft, the forced draft closes the dampers I9 with respect to the openings E8 in the pipe l4 and in the fines H, as shown in dotted line in Fig. 8. Proceeding upwardly, the air traverses the flues H and moves through the nipples 23 of Fig. 4 into the air receivers 22. From the air receivers 22, the air is conducted into the double branched tubes 2'! and to the thimble 28. It will be observed that an extensive and adequate heating surface is provided and that there will be a naturalup-draft of air.

As to the way in which the device forming the subject matter of this application is constructed, it will be understood that the efforts either of the sheet metal worker or of the worker in cast metal may be relied upon, those being details with which the present invention has no important concern.

The particular form of the elements within the dome A will vary according to the demands made upon the heating plant, and upon the structural materials employed.

What is claimed is: I

1. A heater comprising a body, a superposed dome, and a heat-interchange mechanism in the dome: the heat-interchange mechanism comprising oppositely-disposed substantially-horizontal air receivers of elongated tubular form, an outlet member mounted in the top of the dome and extended downwardly within the dome, the outlet member having a closed lower end, and double-branched tubes arranged in a substantially horizontal plane, the branches of the tubes being curved outwardly with respect to each other, the inner ends of the branches communicating, in close relation to each other, with the downwardly-extended portion of the outlet member, the outer ends of the branches coming together, and being joined at their place of union, to downwardly-extended tubular parts which communicate with the air receivers close to the ends thereof, and means for admitting cold air to the air receivers.

2. A heater constructed as set forth in claim 2, and wherein the last-specified means is connected to the outer walls of the air receivers at places midway between the ends of the air receivers, the inner walls of the air receivers having V-shiaped spreaders projecting toward the places of communication between the air receivers and said means for admitting air thereto, thereby to facilitate an even distribution of air to said downwardly-extended tubular parts of the heat-interchange mechanism.

IRA F. WARD.

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