US2213140A - Device for generating a beam of ions of high velocity - Google Patents

Device for generating a beam of ions of high velocity Download PDF

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Publication number
US2213140A
US2213140A US255755A US25575539A US2213140A US 2213140 A US2213140 A US 2213140A US 255755 A US255755 A US 255755A US 25575539 A US25575539 A US 25575539A US 2213140 A US2213140 A US 2213140A
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Prior art keywords
ions
electrode
positive ions
accelerating
velocity
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Expired - Lifetime
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US255755A
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English (en)
Inventor
Kallmann Hartmut Israel
Kuhn Ernst
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IG Farbenindustrie AG
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IG Farbenindustrie AG
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Publication date
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J27/00—Ion beam tubes
    • H01J27/02—Ion sources; Ion guns

Definitions

  • ions of high velocity can be generated by multiple acceleration of positive ions in the following way. Positive ions are accelerated by a certain voltage whereafter they are neutralised. Those neutral particles, the velocity of which corresponds to the used accelerating voltage, now pass through the same voltage, however, with the reversed sign. Thereon the neutral particles are again ionised and accelerated another time. By repeating this process several times, positive ions of very high velocity are finally generated.
  • the intensity of the beam of positive ions is very much reduced by the repeated transformation of positive ions into neutral particles, as this process is a rather improbable one at high voltages. The gain of this transformation often amounts to about 0.1% only.
  • the device according to the present invention employs negative ions generated by a special ion source created by electron capture of positive ions and neutral particles.
  • These negative ions of low velocity are accelerated by an electrostatic field to negative ions of high Velocity, thereafter in the aforementioned way they are transformed into positive ions without practically any loss of velocity.
  • These positive ions having the same velocity as the accelerated negative ions are likewise accelerated to ions of still higher energy by a similar electrostatic field.
  • the amount of the accelerating voltage of the positive ions just equal to the accelerating voltage of the negative-ions.
  • the voltage used for accelerating the positive ions is the same as that used for accelerating the negative ions, the field in the latter case, however, having the reversed sign.
  • the electrode on which the positive ions impinge thus has thesame potential as the forementioned source of negative ions.
  • the positively charged electrode is introduced into the vacuum tube by means of an isulating bushing.
  • the insulator separating the high potential electrode from the two earthed electrodes must be very large by reason of the very high potentials used. In view thereof it has been suggested to enclose the entire device in a receptacle filled with a compressed gas, but this not only renders the apparatus very bulky, but the device proper is accessible only with great difficulty.
  • the present invention relates to an essentially improved constructional form in which solely the outer side of the leading-in insulator and those parts of the supply lead of the highpotential electrode which are in contact with the outer air are enclosed in a space filled with compressed gas.
  • the invention is illustrated diagrammatically and by way of example on the accompanying drawing partly (upper half) in side-view and partly (lower half) in vertical section.
  • the positive ions generated in the source of ions l pass into the channel 2 and are partly transformed therein to negative ions before entering into the discharge space 3.
  • the beam of minus negative ions t is accelerated by the field existing between the outlet aperture 2 and the positively charged high-potential electrode 5.
  • the ions pass through the channel 6 of this electrode into which the gas is continually introduced through the tube l so that the pressure in the channel 6 is higher than in the space 3, as a pump (not shown) connected up to the space 3 by the tube 8 continually evacuates this space.
  • the negative ions are transformed to positive ions which then are again accelerated by the electric field existing between the electrode 5 and the collecting electrode 9 so that they impinge with a very high speed upon the substance to be irradiated.
  • the insulating body H and the outer end of the electrode El are enclosed in a hollow body l2 which is filled with a compressed gas.
  • the outer end of the electrode 5 is preferably formed as a body is witht large radius of curvature for protection against glow or corona discharge within which the device supplying the channel 6 through the pipe 7 with gas may be housed.
  • a movable band consisting of an insulating material, for instance a silk-band Hi, may be used, the band being charged at I5 within the space containing the compressed gas.
  • a device for generating a beam of ions of high velocity comprising a casing, a source of negative ions, an accelerating electrode functioning to convert the negative ions to positive ions spaced from said ion source and including a perforated portion in the path of said negative ions and a conduit portion for the supply or" gas to the perforated portion, said conduit portion extending outside said casing, a collecting electrode spaced from said accelerating and converting electrode and providing means for accelerating ions transformed in sign by said accelerating and converting electrode, an insulating member separating the outer end of said accelerating and converting electrode from said casing and a second casing adapted to provide a body of high pressure gas about the outer end of said accelerating and converting electrode and the portion of said insulating member adjacent thereto.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
US255755A 1938-02-12 1939-02-10 Device for generating a beam of ions of high velocity Expired - Lifetime US2213140A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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DE2213140X 1938-02-12

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US2213140A true US2213140A (en) 1940-08-27

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NL (1) NL56599C (enrdf_load_html_response)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2570124A (en) * 1949-10-20 1951-10-02 Rca Corp Positive ion beam gun
US2573247A (en) * 1949-01-03 1951-10-30 Rca Corp Means for signal amplifying and mixing utilizing space charge neutralization
US3067347A (en) * 1959-11-12 1962-12-04 High Voltage Engineering Corp Reduction in tandem loading
US4423324A (en) * 1977-04-22 1983-12-27 Finnigan Corporation Apparatus for detecting negative ions
USRE33344E (en) * 1977-04-22 1990-09-18 Finnigan Corporation Apparatus and method for detecting negative ions

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2573247A (en) * 1949-01-03 1951-10-30 Rca Corp Means for signal amplifying and mixing utilizing space charge neutralization
US2570124A (en) * 1949-10-20 1951-10-02 Rca Corp Positive ion beam gun
US3067347A (en) * 1959-11-12 1962-12-04 High Voltage Engineering Corp Reduction in tandem loading
US4423324A (en) * 1977-04-22 1983-12-27 Finnigan Corporation Apparatus for detecting negative ions
USRE33344E (en) * 1977-04-22 1990-09-18 Finnigan Corporation Apparatus and method for detecting negative ions

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