US2213027A - Device for honing cylindrical surfaces - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 27, 1940. H. s. INDGE DEVICE FOR HONING CYLINDRICAL SURFACES Filed Oct. 22, 1958 Patented Aug. 27, 1940 UNITED STATES DEVICE FOR HONING CYLINDRICAL SURFACES Herbert S. Indge, Westboro, Mass., assignor to Norton Company, Worcester, Mass., at corporation of Massachusetts Application October 22, 1938, Serial No. 236,481

5 Claims.

This invention relates to a device for honing cylindrical surfaces and particularly to a device which serves to move the abrasive sticks over a work surface with a reciprocatory and revolvable movement.

The operation 0f honing a work piece requires that a set of abrasive sticks-be so mounted that they will make linear contact with the work parallel with its axis and may be revolved about the Work axis while reciprocated parallel therewith. The honing operation is intended to provide a finished and a smooth surface, and it is desirable that the abrasive sticks be so mounted that they may be adjusted accurately into abrading contact with the work and with an equalized pressure at their opposite ends. For certain types of honing operations it is also desirable that these abrasive sticks be held under a constant pressure against the work as the honing operation proceeds. This honing pressure may be obtained by means of fluid pressure mechanism which is so connected with the abrasive sticks that they may be moved under equal pressure against the work. I I

The primary object of this invention is to provide a honing head embodying a fluid pressure mechanism for actuating and adjusting the abrasive sticks and which is so connected therewith that all of the sticks may be held properly against the work with an equalized pressure.

A further object of the invention is to provide a mechanism which will serve to move the opposite ends of all of the sticks equally.

A further object of the invention is to provide a honing head having abrasive sticks mounted for radial movement thereon, which is so constructed and arranged that the sticks may be moved radially by a fluid pressure actuated piston so connected therewith that movement of the piston in one direction causes an equalized movement of both ends of each of the abrasive sticks. Further objects will be apparent in the following disclosure.

In accordance with my invention, I have provided a honing device comprising a rotary and reciprocatory support having a set of abrasive sticks mounted thereon for radial movement by means of a suitably actuated member, and preferably a fluid pressure actuated piston, which is connected to move one end of each of the abrasive sticks directly andwhich in turn actuates through an intermediate mechanism a further member connected to move the opposite ends of the sticks. This intermediate mechanism may comprise two wedge blocks mechanically connected by a rack bar and a common pinion so that positive movement of one block causes an equal opposed movement of the other; and these wedge blocks are so associated with beveled surfaces on the abrasive stick holders as to move 5 the latter radially.

In the drawing which illustrates a preferred embodiment of this invention:

Fig. 1 is a vertical section of my honing device as mounted for rotation and reciprocation on a honing machine;

Fig. 2 is a section on the line 22 of Fig. 1.

In the construction illustrated, the device comprises honing or abrasive sticks IU of suitable or standard construction which are mounted in 15 metal holders !2 and removably held in place on the lower end of a revoluble and reciprocatcry honing head. The honing sticks may be made of suitable abrasives, such as silicon carbide or crystalline alumina grains, which are cemented 39 together by standard bonds, such as vitrified ceramic materials, rubber or synthetic resins and the like. The abrasive sticks may be cemented or soldered in the holders E2 or otherwise secured in place. gs

The head or support which carries the honing sticks comprises a cylindrical body 56 expanded at its lower end to form a chamber within which is mounted the mechanism that serves for moving the honing sticks radially outwardly. The rear side of the stick carrier i2 is dovetailed at l8 so as to interfit slidably with a shoe 20 and be thus rigidly connected thereto during normal use, but which permits replacement of a worn out stick. The shoe 20 is cut away at its central 5, portion to provide two opposed beveled or wedge shaped portions 28 which are shaped somewhat as parts of a cylindrical surface. These are engaged by the wedge shaped surfaces of two truncated cones or wedge blocks 26 and 26 which are adapted to be moved towards and from each other while in engagement with the beveled shoes 2t and thus to move them inwardly and outwardly.

The two spaced wedges 28 are narrow and pro- 45 ject through narrow spaced slots 30 in the cylindrical casing l6 separated by a part 32 of the casing which forms an annular ring acting as a guide for the shoes. The slots 30 are spaced at 90 from each other; and four of the shoes 28 5 are mounted therein and held in place by means of a pair of helical springs 34 which surround the lugs 36 projecting outwardly from the ends of each of the metal holders l2 that carry the abrasive sticks. These springs are under tension and thus tend to hold the abrasive blocks in their innermost radial positions away from the surrounding internal cylindrical surface of a piece of work.

In the construction illustrated, the upper wedge block 48 is positively moved and it in turn directly moves the upper ends of the abrasive sticks when thrust downwardly. In order to equalize the pressure on the upper and lower ends of each of the abrasive honing sticks, I have provided mechanism connecting the two wedge blocks 24 and 26 so that movement of one causes an equal and opposed movement of the other. This may comprise two rack bars 40 and 42 meshing with a common pinion N mounted on a shaft 46 which projects into cylindrical bearing holes in the ring 32. The upper cone 2% forms a continuation of a movable plunger 40. The lower cone 26 is similarly a continuation of the plunger 50. These plungers 48 and 50 are cylindrical in shape and are mounted for sliding movement within the inner cylindrical surface of the housing IS. The cylinder I6 is open at its lower end, thus permitting free movement of these plunger members. Upward movement of the plunger 48 is, however, limited by a shoulder 52 on the housing. The rack bar 40 is attached to the upper piston member 48 and its lower end slides freely in a slot 3 within the piston member 50. Similarly, the rack bar $2 is attached to the lower piston member 50 and its upper end slides freely in a slot 56 in the upper piston member 48.

The upper piston member is arranged to be actuated by a rod 60 screw threaded thereto which is moved vertically up and down as required. It will, therefore, be seen that when the member 00 descends and carries its rack bar 40 downwardly, the pinion M is rotated and causes the rack bar 42 and its piston 50 to move upwardly. Thus, when the upper cone or wedge block 24 moves downwardly and thrusts the upper end of the wedge shoe 20 outwardly, similarly the lower cone 26 moves upwardly and thrusts against the lower portion of the shoe and causes it to move outwardly to the same extent that the upper one moves. Hence, the movements of the two ends of the abrasive stick are equalized.

The vertical movement of the rod 60 is preferably effected by a fluid pressure mechanism, which comprises a vertically movable piston 64 held in an uppermost position by means of a spring 66. This piston is slidable within the hollow cylinder casing 68. This casing 60 is threaded into a cap I0 which has integrally connected therewith a ball I2 forming part of a ball and socket joint connecting the piston cylinder with the housing I6. The upper end of the housing I6 is shaped at M to fit against the ball I2. Also a split sleeve 16 has a similarly shaped partial spherical surface engaging the upper portion of the ball. The two halves of the sleeve have integral projecting lugs I8 interfltting with a groove in the casing I6, and the two sleeve parts are held in place by means of a collar 80 secured to the housing I6 by cap screws. Thus, the lower honing head is pivotally secured on the upper cylinder 68 which forms the piston cylinder casing. Two pins 82 are secured in the two halves of the ball I2 as shown, and their outer ends project somewhat within the spaces 84 inside of the split sleeve I6, thus permitting only a very slight rocking motion of the lower head due to the pins 82 striking the upper or lower adjacent surfaces of these split sleeve portions.

The piston 64 is suitably secured to a piston rod 86 and the latter passes slidably through the cap and ball 12 of the ball and socket joint. The lower end of this piston 86 is connected by a suitable universal joint 88 with the vertically movable rod 60. Sufficient freedom of motion is thus provided to permit a slight out of alignment of the various parts.

The piston chamber 90 is formed between the piston 64 and its packing and an upper cylinder head 92. Fluid under pressure, such as compressed air or water or oil, may be admitted into the piston chamber 90 through an annular port 94 formed on the inside of a collar 98 and communicating through ports with the cylinder chamber. The pipe 96 which communicates with the annular port 94 is screw threaded into the stationary collar 98 and secured in position on the outside of the casing by means of a lower collar I00 that is held thereto by a set screw. The collar 98 makes a slidable fit with the outer cylindrical surface of the casing, so that the latter may rotate freely within the collar as it reciprocates up and down. The pipe 96 is attached to a flexible hose I02 through which fluid under pressure from any suitable source is caused to flow, and a valve 604 may be provided which controls the flow of fluid to the piston casing. The pipe 96 passes through a block I06 which projects outwardly from a collar I08 slidably mounted on a guide bar H0 that is secured by means of a universal joint II2 to the framework H6 of the honing machine. Thus the fluid pressure connections may reciprocate vertically with the honing head as it moves up and down.

This mechanism is adapted to be attached to any suitable type of honing machine on the market which provides the reciprocatory and rotary motions required for the abrading operations. This comprises a spindle I suitably mounted within a bearing I 26 In the machine, and provision is made for positively rotating and reciprocating that member I20, as is well understood im the art. The honing head is removably secured to this rotated and reciprocated member I20 by a device which comprises a universal joint I24 of the same general construction as the ball and socket joint formed by the ball I2 and associated parts. The upper end surface I26 of the cylindrical casing 68 forms a seat for the ball I28 which is formed integrally on a tapered member I30 making a tight fit within the inner tapered hole of the rotating member I20. The upper portion of the socket is formed by the inwardly projecting flanged ends of the split sleeve I32 shaped to flt against the ball and held in place by the collar I34 attached to the top of the casing I36 by a set screw as illustrated The operation of the device will be apparent. After the honing head has been properly positioned relative to the work piece, which is suitably held in a stationary position, then compressed air or other fluid, such as oil, under a suitable pressure is admitted to the piston chamber. This forces the rod 60 and upper wedge block 24 downwardly and causes the upper portion of each abrasive stick to move outwardly. Simultaneously the rack bar mechanism causes the lower wedge block 26 to move upwardly to of the abrasive sticks outwardly. If compressed air is used, the sticks are held against the work with some resiliency. If desired, the valve I04 may be closed after the pressure has been applied and thus allow more of a dying out out due to the slight decrease of pressure as the wedge blocks move to take up'for wear of the work and the sticks.

It will be appreciated that various modifications may be made in the construction within the scope of this invention. For example, the rod 60 may .be moved by various types of mechanical devices other than a fluid pressure mechanism, and it may be connected to be adjusted solely by hand; and the rack bars and pinion will serve equally well to cause the equalized movement of the op posite ends of the sticks. However, the fluid pressure actuating mechanism is preferred because of the simplicity of construction involved, and particularly since it may serve to hold the sticks under a uniform pressure against the work, whereas a mere mechanical adjustment does not provide a follow up pressure and provides only a dying out out. Also, this mechanism may be arranged to move abrasive sticks inwardly, instead of outwardly, so as to hone an external cylindrical surface. Other changes may be made in this construction in the substitution of equivalent mechanisms for those illustrated and described. Hence, the above description is to be considered as being illustrative of the principles of the invention and a preferred embodiment but not as limiting the scope of the claims appended hereto.

I claim:

1. A honing head comprising a head arranged to be mounted for a rotary and reciprocatory motion, a set-oi abrasive sticks mounted thereon -for radial movement, two wedge blocks mounted for opposed movement axially of the head, means connecting the same whereby movement of one block in one direction causes an equal and opposite movement of the other wedge block, means connecting said blocks with the abrasive sticks whereby movement of the blocks adjusts the sticks radially with an equalized motion, and fluid pressure actuated mechanism on the head connected to move one of said wedge blocks.

2. A honing device comprising a head arranged to be mounted for a rotary and reciprocatory motion, a set of abrasive sticks mounted thereon ior radial movement, means including two opposed wedge blocks movable in opposite directions which moves the sticks radially, means including rack bars and a common pinion which causes the two wedge blocks to move simultaneously in opposite directions, and fluid pressure mechanism to move one of the wedge blocks and thereby cause an equalized movement of the sticks.

3. A honing head comprising a head arranged for a rotary and reciprocatory motion, a set of abrasive sticks mounted thereon for radial movement, a holder for each stick having a pair of opposed beveled surfaces, two wedge blocks contacting with said beveled surfaces and mounted for opposed movement to move the holders and sticks radially, means including rack bars and a common pinion connecting the wedge blocks so that movement of one block in one direction causes an equal and opposed movement of the other, and a fluid pressure mechanism connected to move one of said wedge blocks, whereby an equalized movement of the abrasive sticks is produced.

4. A honing device comprising a head arranged to be mounted for a rotary and reciprocatory motion, a set of abrasive sticks mounted thereon for radial movement, means including two independently mounted wedges and positively acting, mechanical connections between said wedges whereby the abrasive sticks may be adjusted radially with an equalized movement at their opposite ends and fluid pressure mechanism connected to move said wedges and cause movement of the sticks during use thereof.

5. A honing device comprising a head arranged for a reciprocatory and rotary motion, a plurality of abrasive sticks mounted thereon for radial movement, two oppositely movable wedges, a rack bar connected to each wedge, a common pinion for the rack bars arranged to insure an equal 0 and opposite movement of the rack bars and wedges, means operated by the wedges for simultaneously moving the opposite ends of the sticks radially, one wedge moving one end and the other wedge the other end of each stick, and a means for moving one of the wedges and thereby causing an equal adjustment of the opposite ends of the sticks.

'1 B. INDGE.

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