US221199A - Improvement in processes of making strings from intestines - Google Patents
Improvement in processes of making strings from intestines Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US221199A US221199A US221199DA US221199A US 221199 A US221199 A US 221199A US 221199D A US221199D A US 221199DA US 221199 A US221199 A US 221199A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- intestines
- improvement
- strings
- processes
- making
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 210000000936 Intestines Anatomy 0.000 title description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 14
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 210000001035 Gastrointestinal Tract Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 241000283898 Ovis Species 0.000 description 8
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 210000003491 Skin Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate dianion Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 210000004379 Membranes Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 241001072332 Monia Species 0.000 description 2
- 210000004400 Mucous Membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 241000978776 Senegalia senegal Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002729 catgut Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007730 finishing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/36—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix
- A61L27/3683—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix subjected to a specific treatment prior to implantation, e.g. decellularising, demineralising, grinding, cellular disruption/non-collagenous protein removal, anti-calcification, crosslinking, supercritical fluid extraction, enzyme treatment
- A61L27/3687—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix subjected to a specific treatment prior to implantation, e.g. decellularising, demineralising, grinding, cellular disruption/non-collagenous protein removal, anti-calcification, crosslinking, supercritical fluid extraction, enzyme treatment characterised by the use of chemical agents in the treatment, e.g. specific enzymes, detergents, capping agents, crosslinkers, anticalcification agents
Definitions
- PETER TURNER and J AMES TURNER of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented or discovered certain new and useful Improvements in the Manufacture of Strings, Round Bands, and Belts, the method and process employed being fully set forth in the following specification.
- Our invention consists in a process whereby the intestines of beef-cattle may be utilized in the manufacture of strings for musical instruments, bands, belts, 8w.
- cords 850.
- fresh beef-gut-is first taken and carefully washed in pure water, and thoroughly freed from all fatty substance.
- the gut is then split into two distinct parts in such a manner as to separate the upper half of the gut from the lower half, the lower half-that is, the part to which-the net or web of fat is attachedbeing refused as worthless.
- the part of the gut retained is next (according to the fineness of the strands desired) split into two, three, four, or more strands.
- the outside skin is then removed from these strands. This outside skinis the material employed by us in carrying out ourimprovement, all the other portions of the gut being thrown away as refuse matter, for the reason that the substance" weeks and months by the application of common salt. 7
- the material is next threaded, and afterward subjected to abath of potash-water, this bath being continued and changed daily for four or five days.
- the material is next treated to acid baths, alternating with alkaline (carbonate of am monia) baths, and then pure water. A certain number (according to the thickness of the strings or bands desired) of these fine strands are then taken and spun.
- the material is next placed in an air-tight compartment and subjected to the action of sulphur-fumes.
- the compartment in which sulphuration takes place should either be made of iron or the inner surface lined with that material. Then the sulphur fumes or vapors, combining with oxygen and the iron, produce a gas possessin g superior bleaching qualities, and quick ens the bleaching process.
- the material After being removed from the bleaching process the material is first dried, and then steepedin a solution of acetic acid and gelatinc, then again sulphurized. dried, and finished off with gum-arabic and oil.
- the material possesses certain proportions of gclatine in its natural state, but loses it during the process of preparation, and it is therefore found to be an improvement to restore a certain proportion of this during the finishing process in order to stiffen the material and increase the adhesive qualities.
- acetic acid in preparing the solution of gelatine has the effect of producing a clearer solution than if hot water were used, and prevents the solution from affecting the transparency of the manufactured good-s.
- PETER TURNER JAMES TURNER.
Description
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
PETER TURNER AND JAMES TURNER, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.
IMPROVEMENT IN PROCESSES OF MAKING STRlNGS FROM lNTESTlNES.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 222L199, dated November 4, 1879; application filed October 1 1878.
To all whom it may concern Be it known that we, PETER TURNER and J AMES TURNER, of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented or discovered certain new and useful Improvements in the Manufacture of Strings, Round Bands, and Belts, the method and process employed being fully set forth in the following specification.
Our invention consists in a process whereby the intestines of beef-cattle may be utilized in the manufacture of strings for musical instruments, bands, belts, 8w.
. Previous to our invention the intestines of sheep had long been used for making the article popularly known as cat-gut but only the intestines of sheep were considered fit for this purpose, and thus the manufacture has hitherto been practically limited to the locality where such sheep are raised; The inner membrane only of the intestines of sheep is used, as the other portions are unfit for the purpose. We have, however, discovered that first-class strings, belts, 850., may be made from the outer skin of the intestines of beefcattle by selecting the proper parts and treat= ing them in a particular manner, by which means a superior article is produced from material that has hitherto been only refuse.
In the preparation and manufacture of strings, cords, 850., fresh beef-gut-is first taken and carefully washed in pure water, and thoroughly freed from all fatty substance. The gut is then split into two distinct parts in such a manner as to separate the upper half of the gut from the lower half, the lower half-that is, the part to which-the net or web of fat is attachedbeing refused as worthless. The part of the gut retained is next (according to the fineness of the strands desired) split into two, three, four, or more strands. The outside skin is then removed from these strands. This outside skinis the material employed by us in carrying out ourimprovement, all the other portions of the gut being thrown away as refuse matter, for the reason that the substance" weeks and months by the application of common salt. 7
The material is next threaded, and afterward subjected to abath of potash-water, this bath being continued and changed daily for four or five days. The material is next treated to acid baths, alternating with alkaline (carbonate of am monia) baths, and then pure water. A certain number (according to the thickness of the strings or bands desired) of these fine strands are then taken and spun. The material is next placed in an air-tight compartment and subjected to the action of sulphur-fumes.
The compartment in which sulphuration takes place should either be made of iron or the inner surface lined with that material. Then the sulphur fumes or vapors, combining with oxygen and the iron, produce a gas possessin g superior bleaching qualities, and quick ens the bleaching process.
After being removed from the bleaching process the material is first dried, and then steepedin a solution of acetic acid and gelatinc, then again sulphurized. dried, and finished off with gum-arabic and oil.
The material possesses certain proportions of gclatine in its natural state, but loses it during the process of preparation, and it is therefore found to be an improvement to restore a certain proportion of this during the finishing process in order to stiffen the material and increase the adhesive qualities.
The employment of acetic acid in preparing the solution of gelatine has the effect of producing a clearer solution than if hot water were used, and prevents the solution from affecting the transparency of the manufactured good-s.
Having thus described our improvement, we claim- The process herein described of manufacturing strings from the intestines of beef-eat tle, viz by cutting off thepart to which the fat is attached, splitting the remainder into strands then removing the inner or mucous membrane, treating the remainder alternately with alkaline and acid baths and then with water, spinning or twisting the strands into the desired form, bleaching with the fumes of burning sulphur, steepin gin asolulion 0f gelal tine in acetic acid, again submitting to the fumes of sulphur, and, finally, finishing with gum-arabie and oil substantially as described.
PETER TURNER. JAMES TURNER.
Witnesses FRED. J. SGIIROTER, MICHAEL HALEY.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US221199A true US221199A (en) | 1879-11-04 |
Family
ID=2290596
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US221199D Expired - Lifetime US221199A (en) | Improvement in processes of making strings from intestines |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US221199A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2487041A (en) * | 1944-03-07 | 1949-11-08 | John O Bower | Wound binding element and method of manufacture |
| US2686708A (en) * | 1949-08-26 | 1954-08-17 | Armour & Co | Acid treatment of sutures |
-
0
- US US221199D patent/US221199A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2487041A (en) * | 1944-03-07 | 1949-11-08 | John O Bower | Wound binding element and method of manufacture |
| US2686708A (en) * | 1949-08-26 | 1954-08-17 | Armour & Co | Acid treatment of sutures |
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