US2208422A - Pulse phasing apparatus - Google Patents

Pulse phasing apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US2208422A
US2208422A US244814A US24481438A US2208422A US 2208422 A US2208422 A US 2208422A US 244814 A US244814 A US 244814A US 24481438 A US24481438 A US 24481438A US 2208422 A US2208422 A US 2208422A
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United States
Prior art keywords
impulses
current
tube
impulse
potential
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Expired - Lifetime
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US244814A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hugon Jean Jacques
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Thales SA
Original Assignee
Cie Generale De Telegraphic Sa
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/0009—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables for forming corrugations on conductors or cables
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, rods, wire, tubes, profiles or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, rods, wire, tubes, profiles or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
    • B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
    • B21C37/20—Making helical or similar guides in or on tubes without removing material, e.g. by drawing same over mandrels, by pushing same through dies ; Making tubes with angled walls, ribbed tubes or tubes with decorated walls
    • B21C37/205—Making helical or similar guides in or on tubes without removing material, e.g. by drawing same over mandrels, by pushing same through dies ; Making tubes with angled walls, ribbed tubes or tubes with decorated walls with annular guides
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/02—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using radio waves

Definitions

  • the receiver 10 cludes a source of radio frequency energy which is controlled by a generator of impulses of very short duration repeated with the frequency f.
  • the receiver includes on the other hand, aside from the normal receiving devices, a generator ll of impulses which are synchronized with those of the generator of the transmitter. In order to synchronize these two impulse generators, it is suitable to control them by means of the same alternating potential having the frequency f.
  • U The impulse generator system thereby employed is known as such, but difficulties are encountered in determining the phase of the impulse applied to the receiver with respect to the phase applied to the transmitter.
  • the present invention has as for its objectto overcome these diiliculties. It will be better understood by reference to the accompanyin figures.
  • Figures 2, 3 and 4 are characteristic curves used to illustrate the operation of the invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the inven- 86 tion applied to an obstacle detector.
  • FIG. 6 is an illustration of the nature of the transmitted impulses.
  • Figure 1 shows an impulse generator in accord ance with the present-invention.
  • a vacuum tube 40 T preferably of the pentode type, includes in series in its control grid at a resistor R1 of highvalue, a potentiometer P connected to the terminals of a battery B whose center point M is grounded, and two terminals a, b between which All an E. M. F. having the frequency f is applied which determines the synchronized impulses.
  • the screen grid e of this tube is connected to a suitable potential source which is perfectly filtered and designated by He.
  • the plate circuit l0 beginning with the plate pl includes a self inductance L which is so chosen that its natural oscillation period is substantially lower than twice the duration of an impulse.
  • This self inductance is shunted by a suitable resistor R: which supll presses the natural oscillations of the circuit constituted by the self inductance L, by its natural residual capacity. by the inner capacity of the vacuum tube T and by the residual capacities of the connections.
  • the cathode C of the tube T, common negative pole, screen and plate sources 6 as well as the suppressor grid r are directly connected to ground.
  • the curve 10 AB represents the static characteristic of the vacuum tube T for a definite screen potential.
  • the flattening of the characteristic for the positive potentials applied to the grid is due to the presence of the resistor R1 of high value, and 1 due to the flow of grid current.
  • m nu, ma, m, m, n a portion of a sinusoidal oscillation of the frequency j which is applied between the terminals 0 and 1).
  • M point of grid no bias determined by the position of the movable part of the potentiometer P.
  • the curves m'i is indicated by the position of the movable part of the potentiometer P.
  • m'z, n'z, 11'1, etc. represent the current impulses obtained'under these conditions. These current impulses are trapezoidal and the sides m m'r, m'a, n'z, n'i, etc. are substantially rectilinear if the segments 1221, ms, etc. are sufficiently away from the peaks K of the sinusoidal cycle of frequency 1.
  • each current impulse creates two potential impulses of very short duraac tion spaced by the duration of one current impulse.
  • These potential impulses should present theoretically the form of an elongated trapeze whose small base will be equal to the time of the displacement of the current from m'r to m':. up Since the current varies as a function of time, the E. M. F. of the self induction should in fact maintain itself constant from M1 to m: by virtue of the well known law of k Actually the natural frequency of the coil and the.
  • the segment m1, ma can be moved along the sinusoidal curve between the two points R. and S (Fig. .4) and rather close respectively to the maximum and'minimum of this sine wave. It will; therefore, be noted that .ii; the segment m1, m2 is small in comparison with the amplitude of the sine wave, the phase of the potential impulse can be varied within very wide limits without changing its amplitude, the phase variation thus obtainable tor each impulse generator being of the order of 150 degrees.
  • Two impulses can be obtained (the one from. the transmitter impulse generator and the other from thereceiver impulse generator) which are'dis-r placed relative each other-from +150 to --150, i. e., a relative variation of the phase equal to 300.
  • phase variation is obtained by simply varying a direct biasing potential without the-amplitude oi the potential impulse being modified at all by this phase variation.
  • the control device may thus be placed anywhere, or as far as desired from the impulse generator since the length of the connecting leads will have no deleterious effect.
  • the solution which would-consist of working on the phase of the E. M. F. having the frequency f would present on the contrary many drawbacks, since it is always very diflicult to vary the'phase of an alternating E. M. F. very much while main taining its potential constant.
  • Such condition is, however, primordial for maintaining a constant amplitude of the potential impulse.
  • Fig. 5 represents, by way of example, the application of the invention to a device for detecting obstacles.
  • This figure shows schematically in E and in R. a transmitter and a directional ultra-short wave receiver with the respective reflectors R1 and R2. There is shown in 0 the obstacle to be impinged by the waves, and from which they are. reflected towards the receiver.
  • the signals sent out by the transmitter E may have for instance the form represented in the Fig. 6 which shows impulses of ,4 second with an interval of 5 second therebetween.
  • An impulse generator including a thermionic tube, means for applying an alternating current to the input of said tube, means for biasing said input with a dc potential, a resistor connected in the input of said tube for limiting its output current, means for diflerentiating'in'the output circuit of said tube currents corresponding to.
  • An impulse generator including a thermionic tube means for applying an alternating current to the input of said tube, means for biasing said input with a dcpotential. a resistor connected in the input oi. said tube for limiting its output current, means for differentiating in the output circuit of said tube currents corresponding to portions of said applied alternating currents, and means for varying said dc biasing potential so that the relative phases of said differentiated currents may be adjusted.
  • the method of generating and controlling the phase of impulses by means of a dc bias applied to a thermionic tube which includes apply-' a thermionic tube, meansfor applying an alter-- nating current to the input oi said tube, means for biasing said input with a dm potential toselect from said applied alternating current a current of flat top wave form.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
US244814A 1938-02-16 1938-12-09 Pulse phasing apparatus Expired - Lifetime US2208422A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR842418T 1938-02-16

Publications (1)

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US2208422A true US2208422A (en) 1940-07-16

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ID=9311441

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US244814A Expired - Lifetime US2208422A (en) 1938-02-16 1938-12-09 Pulse phasing apparatus

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US (1) US2208422A (en))
CH (1) CH220878A (en))
FR (1) FR842418A (en))
NL (2) NL220878A (en))

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2416089A (en) * 1942-06-26 1947-02-18 Gen Electric Selective pulse amplifier system
US2419546A (en) * 1942-03-20 1947-04-29 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Delay circuit
US2421020A (en) * 1941-03-11 1947-05-27 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Detection of obstacles by electromagnetic waves
US2432516A (en) * 1943-12-30 1947-12-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Keyed pulse generator
US2433369A (en) * 1942-07-24 1947-12-30 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Antenna system and method of using same
US2434936A (en) * 1942-08-24 1948-01-27 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Modulation system
US2438927A (en) * 1942-08-24 1948-04-06 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Modulation means and method
US2477485A (en) * 1943-11-12 1949-07-26 Gen Electric Pulse echo beacon transponder
US2481515A (en) * 1943-03-30 1949-09-13 Sperry Corp Method and apparatus for pulseecho distance measuring
US2483187A (en) * 1944-08-30 1949-09-27 Philco Corp Pulse radio echo distance indicator
US2489075A (en) * 1943-04-17 1949-11-22 Gen Electric Pulse echo testing apparatus
US2489852A (en) * 1944-12-04 1949-11-29 Gen Electric Electronic trigger pulse generator
US2512703A (en) * 1943-10-14 1950-06-27 Sperry Corp Radar direction and range indicating apparatus
US2522367A (en) * 1944-08-05 1950-09-12 Radio Patents Corp Radio distance measuring system
US2534862A (en) * 1942-06-23 1950-12-19 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Radio ranging system with selective automatic volume control and range following
US2537065A (en) * 1944-04-18 1951-01-09 Sperry Corp Gate generator
US2543462A (en) * 1945-10-19 1951-02-27 Conrad L Longmire Pulse equalizer
US2591856A (en) * 1944-12-09 1952-04-08 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Pulse echo distance indicator
US2605464A (en) * 1942-11-28 1952-07-29 James R Moore Synchronized pulse-echo detection system
US2622151A (en) * 1945-08-03 1952-12-16 Conrad H Hoeppner Pulse amplitude discriminator circuit
US2624044A (en) * 1943-01-19 1952-12-30 Allen H Schooley Precision range finding apparatus
US2629867A (en) * 1943-04-17 1953-02-24 Allen H Schooley Range aperturing device
US2680806A (en) * 1949-12-24 1954-06-08 Du Mont Allen B Lab Inc Noise reducing synchronization circuit
US2730652A (en) * 1950-03-30 1956-01-10 Csf Apparatus with focalized electronic beam, such namely as microscopes
US2855594A (en) * 1941-03-05 1958-10-07 Int Standard Electric Corp Radio detection and distance indicator
US2855593A (en) * 1940-02-03 1958-10-07 Int Standard Electric Corp Electric circuit for use with cathode ray tubes
US2948893A (en) * 1943-04-06 1960-08-09 John Robert Page Automatic range indicating system

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE767938C (de) * 1940-11-24 1955-03-10 Telefunken Gmbh Anordnung zur Herstellung zweier Impulsreihen mit einstellbarer gegenseitiger Phasenverschiebung

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2855593A (en) * 1940-02-03 1958-10-07 Int Standard Electric Corp Electric circuit for use with cathode ray tubes
US2855594A (en) * 1941-03-05 1958-10-07 Int Standard Electric Corp Radio detection and distance indicator
US2421020A (en) * 1941-03-11 1947-05-27 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Detection of obstacles by electromagnetic waves
US2419546A (en) * 1942-03-20 1947-04-29 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Delay circuit
US2534862A (en) * 1942-06-23 1950-12-19 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Radio ranging system with selective automatic volume control and range following
US2416089A (en) * 1942-06-26 1947-02-18 Gen Electric Selective pulse amplifier system
US2433369A (en) * 1942-07-24 1947-12-30 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Antenna system and method of using same
US2434936A (en) * 1942-08-24 1948-01-27 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Modulation system
US2438927A (en) * 1942-08-24 1948-04-06 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Modulation means and method
US2605464A (en) * 1942-11-28 1952-07-29 James R Moore Synchronized pulse-echo detection system
US2624044A (en) * 1943-01-19 1952-12-30 Allen H Schooley Precision range finding apparatus
US2481515A (en) * 1943-03-30 1949-09-13 Sperry Corp Method and apparatus for pulseecho distance measuring
US2948893A (en) * 1943-04-06 1960-08-09 John Robert Page Automatic range indicating system
US2489075A (en) * 1943-04-17 1949-11-22 Gen Electric Pulse echo testing apparatus
US2629867A (en) * 1943-04-17 1953-02-24 Allen H Schooley Range aperturing device
US2512703A (en) * 1943-10-14 1950-06-27 Sperry Corp Radar direction and range indicating apparatus
US2477485A (en) * 1943-11-12 1949-07-26 Gen Electric Pulse echo beacon transponder
US2432516A (en) * 1943-12-30 1947-12-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Keyed pulse generator
US2537065A (en) * 1944-04-18 1951-01-09 Sperry Corp Gate generator
US2522367A (en) * 1944-08-05 1950-09-12 Radio Patents Corp Radio distance measuring system
US2483187A (en) * 1944-08-30 1949-09-27 Philco Corp Pulse radio echo distance indicator
US2489852A (en) * 1944-12-04 1949-11-29 Gen Electric Electronic trigger pulse generator
US2591856A (en) * 1944-12-09 1952-04-08 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Pulse echo distance indicator
US2622151A (en) * 1945-08-03 1952-12-16 Conrad H Hoeppner Pulse amplitude discriminator circuit
US2543462A (en) * 1945-10-19 1951-02-27 Conrad L Longmire Pulse equalizer
US2680806A (en) * 1949-12-24 1954-06-08 Du Mont Allen B Lab Inc Noise reducing synchronization circuit
US2730652A (en) * 1950-03-30 1956-01-10 Csf Apparatus with focalized electronic beam, such namely as microscopes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL220878A (en))
CH220878A (fr) 1942-04-30
FR842418A (fr) 1939-06-12
NL91748C (en))

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