US2206402A - Bathing cap - Google Patents

Description

.July 2, 1940. T J, HQWLAND 2,206,402

BATHING CAP Filed July 30. 1938 @we @yf/f,

ATTO RNEY Patented July 2, 1.940

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Claims. Y

This invention relates to rubber articles of wearing apparel, such as bathing caps, rubber boots, and the like, and is concerned more particularly with a novel article of this character which may be worn with comfort andat the same time is extremely resistant to the seepage of water into the article. The rubber article of my invention is of a simple construction adapted for manufacture at low cost and is substantially waterproof by reason of its inclusion of a novel ribbed structure which prevents thepassage of water into'the article, even when the article is subjected to severe use.

For illustrative purposes, the principles of the invention will be described and illustrated i n connection with a bathing cap, although it will be understood that the invention is not limited to this use but is applicable to other articles of wearing apparel as well.

In bathing caps of the form most commonly used, there is a tendency, when the cap is ln use, for water to seep into the interior of the cap between its bottom edge and the head of the wearer, the amount of seepage depending on how tightly the cap ts the head. It has been proposed heretofore to reduce the amount of seep-v age by providing on the inside of the cap one' or more encircling ribs which extend around the cap near its lower edge so as to engage the head of the wearer. These ribs have taken various forms, but in nearly all instances they-extend straight inwardly from the cap body and at their free, inner ends are flat, concaved, or convexed. While ribs of this type serve to reduce the amount of seepage, they are not entirely satisfactory for .the reason that they have a relatively great resistance to stretching and do not readily bend or incline so as to accommodate the size and the irregularities of the wearers head, whereby they tend to impair the comfort of the wearer. This is especially so when a pair of parallel encircling ribs are employed which are braced by cross ribs, since the latter add materially to the stiffness of the encircling ribs.

Another form of encircling rib employed heretofore is relatively thin and flexible and projects inwardly a substantial distance from the inner surface of the cap, so that when the cap is applied to the head of the wearer, the rib is forced toward a flat position against the inner surface, whereby only one side of the rib contacts the 4`-head. While caps employing an encircling rib of this form are generally more comfortable than those having a relatively stiil' rib, they'd`o not v or`less under the ,action of the prevent seepage of water into the cap during the normal use thereof.

One feature of the present invention, therefore, resides in the provision of a novel bathing cap which overcomes these objections to prior 5 caps and which is at once comfortable and waterproof to a. high degree. A cap made in accordance with my invention comprises a cap body of any desired form made of rubber, or the like, and having at least one rib on the inside 1G of the cap which extends substantially parallel to the edge thereof and preferably encircles the cap. The rib is flexible and may normally extend straight inwardly from the cap body or at an oblique angle thereto, but in either case it is 15 characterized in that it terminates at its free end in athin edge located on one side of its center line. Thus, when the cap is put on, the olfcenter edge is the first part of the rib to engage the head of the wearer, and by reason of its thinness it is upset in the direction in which it is off center and causes the rib to deflect in that di# rection. Accordingly, the rib readily adapts itself to the contour of the head by deflecting more off-center edge. However, the main body of the rib is suiilciently stiff to prevent the rib from upsetting completely and maintains the deflected end of the rib rmly against the head.

In the preferred construction, the rib is provided with at leastv one fin located near itsy free end on the opposite side of the center line from the thin contacting edge. With this construction, the contacting edge when deflected causes the fin to engage the head so that the n and the contacting edge form between them a recess which becomes in effect a suction cup. Accordingly, the cap not `only affords comfort to the wearer'by reason of the deflection of the contacting edge -of the rib, but also is extremely resistant to the entrance of water into the cap because of the suction cup or recess between the contacting edge and the f1n.

Another feature' of the invention resides in the provision of a bathing cap having a pair of encircling ribs andv novel means for biasing the y ribs against the head of the wearer. I Have found that by providing ribs extending generally transversely to the encircling ribs and on the outside of the rubber or other material which supports the encircling ribs, the cap when stretched on the head of the wearer assumes a convex form on the outside between the encircling ribs, thereby forcing the latter inwardly against the head. Since the transverse ribs are spaced apart and are relatively narrow, they do not interfere with the stretching of the edgeportion of the cap when it is applied to the head and therefore do not impair the comfort of the wearer. The transverse ribs may take various forms and may extend at right angles to the encircling ribs or may be inclined at an acute angle thereto, although I have found that the biasing'ac'tion on the encircling ribs is more pronounced when the transverse ribs are at right angles to the encircling ribs.

These and other features of the invention may be better understood by reference to the accompanying drawing, in which Fig. 1 is a side view of one form of a new bathing cap made in accordance with the invention;

Fig. 2 is a section through part of the cap shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail view showing a section of the encircling ribs;

Fig. 4 is a section on line 4-4 in Fig. 3;

Figs. 5 to 13, inclusive, are cross sections through modified forms of encircling ribs, showing the ribs applied to a cap body; and

Fig. 14 is an enlarged cross section through the ribs shown in Fig. 3, illustrating the action of the ribs when the cap is being used.

Referring to the drawing, the numeral 20 designates a bathing cap of any desired form comprising a hollow body 2| made of rubber, or the like, the body being shaped to fit the general contour of the head. Along the inside edge of the body 2l is attached a rubber cup band comprising a base 22 and two pairs of spaced, parallel encircling ribs 23, the ribs extending generally parallel to the edge of the cap. Between each pair of encircling ribs are a plurality of cross or bracing ribs 24 which extend at oblique angles to the encircling ribs in zig-zag fashion, as shown in Fig. 3. The cross ribs 24 serve to brace the encircling ribs and tend to prevent them from being bent against the cap body 2| when the cap is worn.

'Ihe uppermost encircling rib 23 extends inwardly from the cap body at right angles thereto, as shown in Fig. 4, and terminates at its free end in a thin edge 25 located on the upper side of the center line of the rib. On the opposite side of the center line, the rib is formed with a iin 26 which terminates inwardly toward the base 22 from the off-center edge 25. The free end of rib 23 is concaved between the off-center edge 25 and the center line, as shown at 21, and between the concave portion 21 and n 26, the rib is formed with a relatively deep recess or groove 28. The rib 23 directly below the uppermost encirclingrib terminates at its free end in a thin edge 25 located on the lower side of its center line and is formed with a 1in 26' located on the opposite side of the center line and disposed inwardly toward the base 22 from the off-center edge 25'. The free end of the rib is concaved between the off-center edge25' and the center line, as shown at 21', and is formed with a groove 28 between the concave portion and the iin 26'.

The two encircling ribs 23 near the lower edge of the cap are identical with the uppermost pair and need not be described in detail..

When the cap is worn, the head 29 of the wearer is engaged by the Vfree ends of the encircling ribs 23', as shown in Fig. 14. More particularly, the thin contacting edges 25 and 25' are the parts of the ribs which iirst engage the head of the wearer, and by reason of the thinness of each of these\edges and its oli-center location on the rib, it isdeected by the head 29 in the direction in which it is oil' center. That is, the edge 25 of the uppermost encircling rib is deflected upwardly, as shown in Fig. 14, and causes the concave portion 21 and the iin 23 oi the rib to engage the head. The encircling rib immediately below the uppermost rib 23 is bent downwardly, however, since its thin, contacting edge 25' is on the lower side of its center line. As a result of the bending of the ends of the ribs in opposite directions, some of the air is forced out of the pockets o`r cups formed by the encircling ribs and the cross ribs 24, and the suction effect of the cups tends to maintain the engagement of the edge of the cap with the skin and prevent the cap from being pulled oil the head. Similarly, the bottom ,rib 23 is bent downwardly at its end, and the rib\immedi ately above it is bent upwardly. This tendency of the two pairs of ribs to deiiect away from each other is opposed by the cross ribs 24 which lend a certain degree of stiffness to the body of the ribs, so that only the end portions are substantially deilected. It will be observed that in the deflected positions of the ribs, the iins contact the head of the wearer on one side of the ribs while the ofi-center edges contact the head on the other side, and the inside edges of the concave portions 21 and 21' contact the head between the fins and the off-center edges. Accordingly, each rib forms at its free end two suction recesses, one being formed by the concaved portion 21 or 21' and the other by the groove 28 or 28'. The plurality of suction recesses thus formed serve in effect to supplement the action of the main suction cups formed by the encircling ribs themselves and by the cross ribs 24, as will be readily understood.

With this construction, the free end portions of the encircling ribs are deflected more or less, depending on the pressure exerted by the cap on the head of the wearer, whereby the cap may readily accommodate itself to the contour of the head. By reason of the thin, off-center edges at the free ends of the ribs, the latter are a1- ways deflected in such a manner that each rib is biased away from the opposite rib with which -lt is paired, and because of this deflection the fins 26 and 26' are caused to positively engage the head of the wearer and form the two su'ction recesses referred to. Thus, the cap is not only comfortable to the wearer, but is extremely resistant to the entrance of water into the cap under the bottom edge thereof.

In order to render the encircling ribs still more effective to resist the seepage of Water into the cap, I prefer to provide on the outside of the cap a plurality of flexible ribs 30 extending transversely of the encircling ribs. The ribs 30 are spaced apart along the edge of the cap, as shown in Fig. 1, and are of a length equal approximately to the width of the cup band 22, the ends of the ribs 30 coinciding with the edges of the cup band. Preferably, at each of the ear portions of the cap the ribs 30 are omitted and a pair of relatively long ribs 32 are cemented or molded on the outside of the cap. The ribs 32, as shown, are substantially twice as long as the ribs 30 and extend upwardly in slightly diverging relation from the edge of the cap.A On the inside of the cap at each of the ear portions is a pair of base members 33 made of sponge rubber, or the like, the base members being positioned ,-square, oval, etc., instead of triangular. ,the `cup band 22 may vary in form from that bands which may be employed, all of which emthe outside ribs 30.

to contact the head of the wearer on opposite sides of the ear near the top thereof.

When the cup band 22 is stretched on the head of the wearer, the outer ribs 30 cause the outside of the cap over the cup band to assume a convex form, as shownin Fig. 14, whereby the uppermost and lowermost encircling ribs'23 are pressed or biased with a greater force against the head than the two intermediate ribs. I have found that this action is to great advantage in preventing the seepage of water into the cap. because it augments the sealing eiect of the uppermost and lowermost encircling ribs and helps toprevent the admission of air into the cup band, whereby the suction effect of the band cups is better preserved when the cap is subjected to severe use.

'I'he ribs 30 may take various forms and they may be arranged to extend either at right angles to the encircling ribs or at acute angles thereto. However, I have found that -the biasing action afforded by them is more pronounced when they are arrangedat right 'angles to the encircling ribs. The ribs 32 on the ear portions of the cap have a similar eiect when the edge of the cap is stretched, in that they cause the parts of the cap overlying the ears to assume a convex form on the outside, so that the parts of the cap immediately above and below the ear contact the head with a greater force and more effectively resist the seepage of Water into the cap around the ears. The base members 33 serve to absorb the stress which would otherwise be exerted on the ears by the ribs 32 -due to their biasing action, and also permit the ribs 32,120 act more readily under the stretching action of the material of the cap.

The ribs 30 are shown as cemented on the outside of the cap body, but it will be'apparent that they may be formed by molding them in the operation of making the cap body. Also, the ribs 30, instead of being positioned on the outside of the cap body, may be located between the cap body and the cup band 22 so that they are covered by the cap body, although when the latter construction is used, the cup bandv should be somewhat heavier than the material of the cap body. The larger ribs 32 may also take diierent forms. For example, the upper ends of the ribs may be joined so that the ribs form a gure similar to a horse shoe. I have found that when the ribs are arranged in such a ligure, they do not press the part of the cap directly above the ears against the head because of the horinontal rib joining them at the top, but the ribs act to press the lower edge of the cap against the head below the ears and thereby prevent seepage of water into the ear portions of the cap.

While I have shown a cup band 22 inside the cap having four encircling ribs, it will be understood that only one encircling rib, or any other number, may be employed, although I prefer to use at least a pair of encircling ribs so as to form suction cups between them which are biased by The cross ribs 24 may be straight or concave at their free ends, instead of convex as shown, and may be arranged to form suction cups which are diamond-shaped Also,

shown in Figs. 3 and 4, and I have illustrated in Figs. 5 to 13, inclusive, several other forms of cup body the principles of my invention.

Referring to Fig. 5, the cup band there shown u 3 comprises a pair of encircling ribs 35 diverging from the base of the band and joined by cross ribs 36, arranged in any desiredmanner. 'Ihe upper rib 35 terminates in a thin edge disposed above the center line of the rib, while the lower rib terminates in a thin edge disposed below the center line of the rib. At their free ends, the

ribs 35 are concaved, as shown at 3], so as toY form fin-like projections 38 on the opposite sides of the ribs from the thin, off-center edges, the

projections 38 being adapted to contact the head of the wearer when the thin oi-center edges of the ribs are upset. The free ends of the cross ribs 36 may likewise be concaved.

The cup band shown in Fig. 6 comprises a pair of encircling ribs 40 which project at right angles to the base of the cup band and terminate at their free ends in thin edges 4| located on the lower side of the center lines of the ribs. On the opposite side of the center lines, the ribs are formed with fins 42 adapted to engage the head 2i; the wearer after the thin, contacting edges the ribs 40 is braced by a series of transverse ribs 43 on the upper side of the encircling rib.

The cup band shown in Fig. 7 comprises a pair of encircling ribs 45 diverging from the base of Ithe cup band and terminating at their free ends in thin edges 46. The edge 46 of the upper encircling rib is located above the center line of the upper rib, while the edge 46 of the lower encircling rib is located below the center line of the lower rib. 'I'he free ends of the ribs 45 are of convex form, as shown at 41, and-the free ends of the cross ribs 48 are also convex. Referring to Fig. 8, the cup band there shown comprises a single encircling rib 50 which in cross section is of the general form of a right triangle, the base of the triangle being adjacent the base of the cup band. Thus, the peak 5| of the rib forms a thincontacting edge which is located below the center line of the rib. On its inclined side the rib 50 is formed with a fin 52 which is adapted to engage the head of the wearer when the edge 5| is deected downwardly by the head.

In the cup band shown in Fig. 9, the base is provided with an encircling rib 54 which is enlarged at its base, the rib tapering from the base and then expanding into an enlargement at the free end of the rib. At its free end, the rib is formed with a thin edge 55 disposed below the center line of the rib, and from the edge 55 the enlargement of lthe rib is inclined inwardly toward the base. On the inclined part of the enlargement, the rib is formed with a pair of spaced ilns 56 and 51 which engage the head o1' the wearer after the thin edge v55 is bent downwardly.

'I'he cup band shown in Fig. 10 comprises an encircling rib 56 which normally extends obliquely downwardly from the base of the bandand tapers to a thin edge 60. On the side of the rib remote from the cap body is apair of spaced ilns 6| and 62, and on the base of the cup band is a rib 63 adapted to engage the opposite side of the main rib 59. When the rib 59 is contacted by the head of the wearer,it is deected downwardly against therib 63, so that the fins 6| and 62 contact the head.

In Fig. 11, I have shown a cup band comprising a relatively thick rib 65 having an enlarged base adjacent the base of the band. The rib 65 tapersfrom its base to a point about midway between its end and then expands into an enlargeare upset downwardly by the head. Each of ment which includes threesymmetrical ilns 66, u

" base 1llsecured\along its lower edge to the inside of the cap body near the edge of the latter. On the side of the base 10 remote from the cap body are three encircling ribs 1l extending lengthwise of the base and spaced apart. Each of the ribs terminates at its free end in a thin edge 12 located on one side of the center line of the rib, the edge 12 of theupermost rib being above the center line and the edge 12 of the lower rib being below the center line. Each rib is formed on the opposite side of its center line with a iin 13 which terminates inwardly toward the base 10 from the olf-center edge and is adapted to contact the head of the wearer when the oil-center edge is deflected. On the side of the base 10 adjacent the cap body is a series of spaced ribs 'I4 which may be formed in the molding operation in which the cup band is made. The ribs extend generally transversely of the encircling ribs '1I and are relatively thick at the center but taper towards the ends. When the band 10 is stretched on the head of the wearer, the ribs 14 cause the side of the band remote from the cap body to assume a concave form, whereby the uppermost and lowermost ribs 1| are pressed against the head with a greater force than the intermediate rib 1I. While the additional pressure thus exerted on the uppermost and lowermost encircling ribs is effective in increasing the sealing effect of the latter, it does not impair the comfort of the wearer in any way, because the thin off-center edges 12 of the ribs are upset by the head of the wearer and tend to cushion the additional pressure. By reason of the edge connection of the base of the cup band with the cap body, the cup band may readily adjust itself to irregularities of the head. `-It will be apparent that the cup band, if desired, may be connected to the cap body along its upper edge, instead of its lower edge.

The cup band shown in Fig. 13 comprises a base 16 which is normally convex on its outside and concave on its inside, the base being connected at its central portion to the cap body by a connection 11. On its concave side, the base 16 is provided with three encircling ribs 18 which are of substantially equal length, whereby the uppermost and lowermost ribs project further inwardly than the intermediate rib because of the concavity of the base. Each of the ribs 18 terminates at its free end in a thin edge 19 located on one side of the center line of the rib, the edge 19 of the uppermost n'b being above the center line and the edge 19 of the lowermost rib being below the center line. The encircling ribs are preferably braced by cross ribs 8i. When the cap is applied to the head, the base 16, by reason of its concave form, maintains the uppermost and lowermost ribs 18 against the head with a greater pressure than the intermediate rib, so as to prevent more effectively any seepage of water between the skin and the free ends of the encircling ribs. Since the base 16 of the cup band is connected only at its central portion to the cap body, the cup band may readily adapt itself 'to irregularities of the head.

It will be understood that the cross ribs may take other forms and may be disposed in other arrangements than those illustrated. For example, they may extend at right'angles to the encircling ribs or at oblique angles thereto in zig-zag fashion. Also, they may extend only partly across the space between the encircling ribs or, instead of projecting into this space, they may extend from the side of the encircling rib remote from the adjacent encircling rib. The

term fin as used herein is intended to denote` any protruding edge, sharp or rounded, formed by two intersecting surfaces. The term neutral" as applied to the outer ribs 32 is intended to denote unstressed ribs, that is, ribs which are subjected to neither tension nor compression.

I claim:

1. A bathing cap comprising an elastic cap bOdy, and a pair of elastic ribs on the inside of the cap body extending generally parallel to the edge thereof, the lower rib terminating at its free end in a thin, initial skin-contacting edge located on the lower side of the center line of the lower rib, and the upper rib terminating at its free end in a thin, initial skin-contacting edge located on the upper side of the center line of the upper rib.

2. A bathing cap comprising an elastic cap body, a pair of elastic ribs on the inside of the cap body extending generally parallel to the edge thereof, the lower rib terminating at its free end in a thin, initial skin-contacting edge located on the lower side of the center line of the lower rib, and the upper rib terminating at its free end in a thin, initial skin-contacting edge located on the upper side of the center line of the upper rib, cross ribs extending between the first ribs` for bracing them, and fins on said rst ribs 1ocated at the adjacent sides thereof in opposed lrelation and terminating short of the respective initial skin-contacting edges.

3. A bathing cap comprising an elastic cap body, and an elastic rib on the inside of the cap body extending generally parallel to the edge thereof and terminating at its free end in a thin, initial skin-contacting edge located on one side of the center line of the rib, the free end of the rib being concaved between said o-center edge and center line, the rib having a iin on the opposite side of said center line terminating short of said free end and a relatively deep groove between said concave portion and the fin.

4. In a bathing cap, a pair of elastic ribs located on the inside of the cap body and extending generally parallel to the edge thereof in spaced relation, said ribs diverging from the cap body and each terminating at its free end in a thin, initial skin-contacting edge disposed on the side of the center line of the rib opposite the other rib, the free end portion of each rib being inclined sharply from said thin edge toward the -cap body and having a substantial concavity, and

cross ribs extending between said first ribs for bracing them.

5. In a bathing cap, an elastic rib located on the inside of the cap body and extending generally parallel to the edge thereof, said rib having a cross section in the general form of a righ-t triangle with the base thereof adjacent the cap body, and a fin on the inclined side of the rib.

6. An article of wearing apparel comprising a hollow elastic body having an opening therein, a pair of ri-bs on the inside of the body extending generally parallel to the edge of the opening and spaced apart, and a plurality of ribs on the outside of the body near the edge of the opening, said last ribs being spaced along said edge generally transversely of the first ribs, and said rst ribs being disposed substantially opposite the ends of said transverse ribs, whereby the transverse ribs force said iirst ribs inwardly when said edge portion of the body is stretched. n 1

aeoasoa '1. An article of wearing apparel comprising a hollow elastic body having an opening therein, an elastic band on the inside of the body extending generally parallel to thev edge of the opening, a pair of ribs on the side of the band remote from the body and extending generally parallel to the band near the side edges thereof, and a plurality of ribs disposed outwardly of the band near the edge of the opening, said last ribs being spaced along said edge and extending generally transversely of the band with the ends thereof substantially coinciding with the side edges of the band, whereby the transverse ribs force said ilrst ribs inwardly when the edge of the body around said opening is stretched.

8. A bathing cap comprising an elastic cap b ody having normally flat ear-engaging portions adapted to completely cover the wearers ears and lying ilush with the adjacent side walls of the cap body, a pair of ribs on the outside of the body over each of the ear portions, each pair of ribs extending upwardly from the edge of the cap body in spaced relation and terminating near the part of the cap under which the top of the wearers ears normally lie, said ribs being operable to force the lower edge portions of the cap body under the ears inwardly against lthe head of the wearer when the edge portion is stretched on the head, and inwardly projecting base members on the inside of the cap `body disposed only near the upper ends of said ribs for holding the adiiacent parts of the cap body away from the head of the wearer to permit said ribs to act freely on the edge portion of the' cap.

9. A bathing cap comprising a cap body, a pair of ribs on the inside of the cap body extending substantially parallel to the edge thereof and spaced apart, said ribs extending inwardly from the cap body in diverging relation, and cross ribs extending between said iirst ribs for bracing them.

10. In an article of apparel comprising a hollow body having an opening therein, an elastic rib on the inside oi' the body extending generally parallel to the margin of the opening and projecting inwardly from the body with its free end terminating in a thin, initial skin-contacting edge located on one side of the center line of the rib, the rib having a. n oiset laterally from said edgeand terminating short of the edge, the rib being flexible and readily deectable laterally, whereby said edge when pressed against the skin is upset laterally in the direction in which it is off-center and tilts the rib in said direction to cause` the iin to contact the skin.'

11. In an article of apparel comprising a hollow body having an opening therein, an elastic rib on the inside of the body extending generally parallel to the margin of the opening and which it 1s cfr-center and tuts the rib in ma direction to cause the iin to contact the skin.

12. In an article of apparel comprising a hollow body having an opening therein, an elastic rib on the inside of the body extending generally parallel to the margin of the opening and projecting inwardly from -the body with its free end terminating in a thin, initial skin-'contacting edge located on one side of the center line of the rib, the free end portion of the rib being inclined sharply inwardly from said olf-center edge toward the body, the rib being exible and readily deectable laterally, whereby said edge when pressed against the skin is upset laterally in the direction in which it is oil-center and tilts the rib in said direction to cause said inclined free end portion to contact the skin. v

13. An article of apparel comprising a hollow body having an opening therein and an elastic portion around the opening, a plurality of spaced ribs on the outside of said portion extending generally, transversely thereof, the ribs terminating at. their lower ends adjacent the lower edge of said portion and extending upwardly a substantial distance therefrom, and a rib on the inside of the body extending generally parallel to said portion and disposed` substantially opposite the upper ends of the outer ribs, said outer ribs being body having normally iiat ear-engaging portions y adapted to completely cover the Wearers ears andlying flush with the adjacent side walls of the cap body, a rib inside the body extending generally parallel to the edge thereof and along the sides of the cap, and a pairof normally neutral ribs on the outside of the body over each of the earportions, each pair of said outer ribs extending upwardly from the edge of the cap body in spaced relation and terminating a substantial distance above said inner rib and near the part of the cap under which the top of the wearers ear normally lies, said outer ribs being operable to force the upper and lower boundaries of said ear portions inwardly against the head of the wearer with a greater force than the inner rib and the parts of said ear portions between said boundaries when the edge portion of the cap is stretched. on the head.

15. An article of apparel comprising a hollow body having an opening therein and an elastic portion around the opening, a plurality of normally neutral, spaced ribs on the outside of the elastic portion extending generally transversely thereof, the ribs terminating at their lower ends adjacent the lower edge of the elastic .portion and extending upwardly a substantial distance therefrom, and a rib on the inside of the body extending generally parallel to said portion and disposed substantially opposite the lower ends of the outer ribs, the outer ribs being operable to force the inside rib and the part of said elastic portion adjacent the upper ends of .the outer ribs inwardly with a greater force than the region ci' said portion between the inside rib and said part when the elastic portion is stretched.

THOMAS J. HOWLAND.

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