US2206233A - Building construction - Google Patents

Description

s sheets-sheet 1 J. c. MORRELL BUILDING coNgTRUcTIoN Filed Nov. 7, 19:58

July 2, 1940.

\ July 2, 1940. J. c. MoRRELL BUILDING' CNSTRUCTIN 3 sheets-sheet 2 Filed Nov. 7, 1938 www@ 8 5 Z. i

July 2, 1940. J. c. MORRELL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Naw 7,. 1958 Patented July`2, 1940 4UNITED STATES;

PATENT 4OFFICE. u l y 2,200,233 surnoms, coNs'raUo'rroN Jacque C. Morrell, Oak Park, Ill.

l Application November "l, 1938, Serial No. 239,281

5 claims. l(ci. 'zz-1 6) This invention is a continuation in part of my application No. 118,966, filed January 4, 1937, and particularly refers to an improved method and means of wall construction, especially adapted These slabs are placed between spaced stud meml bers in the outer walls of the structure and are permanently aillxed to the adjacent studs and thus retained in place in the wall by various alternative but non-equivalent means which do not impair the good insulating characteristics of-the slabs, or of the wall as a whole. Preferably the n slabs are so placed in relation to the studs. as to provide a layer or thickness of insulationbetween the outer faces or flanges ofthe studs and outer faces of the wall.

One specific embodiment of thev invention,

wherein the structural framework of the outer walls of a building includes spaced wood or metal studs such as, for example, H-columns, I-beams,

or channels havlngflanges substantially parallel.`

to opposite faces of the wall, the slabs of wall or U insulating materials or pairs of slabs of insulating material or in general wall' material facing one another, are attached to the studs by members embedded in the slabs and are attached to the studs by suitable hanger-clips or brackets or 8l' by other means as hereinafter described. In a specific embodiment the attaching means comprise various devices which are transverse to the thickness of the slabs or in general perpendicular to the faces, and which permit the slabs to be 40 placed iiush with the face of the stud or lie flat against it.

General forms as well as several specific forms of the above mentioned embedded members may be employed withinthe scope of the invention. One of said general formscomprises a suitable bar. rod, tube, hook and eye, snap, clips, and simi- 'lar devices or other suitable device which may be embedded in the slabs at spaced intervals at the time the slab is fabricated, or at any time prior` to its placement in thewall, the embedded members being attached to the studs as the slab i is placed in positin. In some forms the attaching members may ynot necessarily be embedded in la the slab although in this case'prov'ision is preferably made forallowing the slab to be placed flush with the stud. r

With the types of embedded members above mentioned they may either extend between and protrude from opposite vertical edges of the slab.

` or may extend only part way intothe slab from,

its vertical edges or they may be embedded and/or attached to the face next to the stud. In one modification the slabs may also be attached directly to the studs by nails or screws, the heads of 1 which are preferably counter-sunk or combination methods of attachment selected from those described may be employed. It is to be understood that the various methods described are .non-equivalent although departures and varia- 15 tions within the scope of the invention are to be included therein.

As one of the features of the'present invention,

the slabs or pairs of slabs attached adjacent studs are placed with their inner faces or, surfaces flatly against the faces or flanges of the studs to' which they are attached and the slabs are rela tively :thin and are preferably not corner notched as are those in the parent application.

As a feature of the present invention I may employ slabs or wall board made of brous or com-V position insulation material upon which is superimposed a relatively. thin layer of separately formed plastic material, preferably made laminated fabric, e. g.,paper saturated with a syn- 30 thetic resin but which may also be in the form of a pre-formed sheet of plastic material such as from a molding mixture of a plastic and filler material or the molded plastic alone. This .may'i be ilxed. integrally "l10n the insulation board or 35 Wall slab with a suitable adhesive and serves the purpose of both interior and exterior decoration and protection. The various modifications of the y plastic layer is described and claimed more completely .in an application which is copending 'with o the present one. l

In the drawings, 1

Fig. 1 is a plan sectional view of a wall constructed in accordance with my invention, said section being taken on the line I-i of Fig. 2. 45

' wards the top of the flange.

Fig. 13 is a face sectional view of a hanging de- A vice shown in Fig. 12.

Fig. 17 is a sectionalelevational view of a buildillustrating my improved wall structure as used for an outer building wall.

Referring in detail to the drawings, I-I in- .dicates a plurality of I-beams which are Avertically disposed in spaced relationship to provide building wall studs. Each of the I-bearns I comprises a web 2 and opposite flanges 3. Of course, it is to be understood that other iron shapes may be utilized since my invention is not predicated or dependent upon the use of I-beamsfor studs. U-shaped metal members 4 are secured to the'flanges 3 of the I-beams at spaced points along the length of'the I-beams. Each of the members 4 .is provided with a back 5 and spaced anges 6. Preferably, the members 4 are constructed of metal and the backs 5 are welded to the flanges 3 of the I-beams so as to cause the anges 8 to project outwardly from the I-beams. Preferably, the members 4 are disposed in pairs of opposite flanges of the I-beam.

Each of the flanges 6 of the members 4 is provided with a taperedslot 1 which opens to- .The slots 1 are adapted for the reception of the ends of rods 8 which are embedded in the thickness 0f Wall panels 9. The Wall panels 9 may be constructed of fibrous material in general of organic or numeral characteristics preferably having heat insulating properties. The panels 9 are preferably constructed in rectangular units and each unit carries one or more, and preferably two or more, embedded rods 8. Corner portions of the panels 9 are recessed as indicated at I0 in Fig. 4, said` recesses occurringwhere the ends of the rods 8 project from the panel material. f

To assemble a wall II constructed in accordance with my invention, the panels 9 are disposed in spaced relationship on each side of the I-beams I and the ends of the rods 3 are positioned in the slots 1. It can readily be seen that the panels '9 abut along the' line of the studs and may be positioned one above the other between adjacent studs.

Referring in detail to Fig. 17, my invention is illustrated as employed in an usual building I2. The building I2 comprises the usual foundation I3, lower door I4,- upper floor I5, upper ceiling IB and roof I1. A plurality of I-beam studs I are vertically positioned upon the foundation I3. At the top of said studs an I-beam I8 extends transversely. Upon the upper flange of the I-beam I8 another plurality of I-beams I are vertically positioned in spaced relationship along the length of the beam I3. A plurality of wall panels 9 are hung upon the members 4 which are carried by the I-beams I by meanslof the embedded rods 8. Upon the outer surface of the wall, sheathing I9 may be positioned. Instead of the sheathing I9, said outer surface may be covered with clap boards, or other suitable covering known to the art such asl brick, stucco and weather protecting material generally. The inner panels 9 may, if desired, be covered with plaster 20 or other decorative material,

I-beam studs which are positioned in a manner similar to the studs I. Each of the I-beams 2| comprises a web 22 and opposite flanges 23. Angular members 24 are secured to one or both anges of the I-beams 2.I by means of bolts 25 or the like.

It is to be understood, of course that any convenient means of attachment of the members 24 to the I-beam flanges is'contemplated. The angular members 24 are positioned in pairs upon the flanges 23 and are disposed in such a manner as to provide spaced spring arms 26. Wall panels 21 are adapted to be carried by the I-beam studs 2|, each of the panels carrying one or more embedded rods 28 which project at each of their ends into a recess 29, similar to recess I0 hereinbefore described. The ends of the rods 28 are adapted to be inserted between the adjacent spring arms 26 and said arms are suitably curved to resiliently or frictionally retain the rods 28. To provide further retention of adjacent panels 21 on each side of the web of the I-beam, pairs of angular members 24 are positioned adjacent each other." If desired, the

wall illustrated in Figs. 5, 6, 7, instead of carri/'fy ing one set of panels 21, may carry spaced sets of panels similar to wall II.

- Referringparticularly to Figs. 8 to 16 inclusive; modified forms of hanging means are illustrated.

-In view of the fact that in many instances thewall panels are of the same construction wherever similar elements are described, the same reference numerals will be used.

Referring'particularly to Fig. 8, a vertical stud 30 ,of I-beam construction is adapted to carry a plurality of panels 3|. The panels 3| are provided wlth recesses 32 similar to the recesses I0 and 29 hereinbefore described. One or more rods 33 may be embedded in the thickness of the panels 3| and extend 'into the recesses 32. At spaced points along the length of each ofl the studs 30, hook-like members 34 are secured to the flanges of the studs by means of bolts 35 or other securing agencies.

Referring particularly to Fig. 9, the hanging members comprise angular plates 36, each ofv which has an outwardly extending flange 31. A notch 38 is provided in the flange 31 for the -reception of the end of rod 33, the notch 38 resembling a bayonet slot.

Referring particularly to Fig. 10, the stud 3|!l carries a plurality of panels 39. In this form of my inventionthe panels are not provided with the customary rods 3, 23 or 33, 'but are provided with downwardly projecting hooks 40 which are.

secured within recesses 4I `to the panels 33 by means of nails or screws 42. At spaced intervals along the length of the studs 30, tubular members 43 are secured to the anges of said studs, the downwardly extending hook member being adapted to engage in the tubular member 43. The tubular members 43 are preferably welded to the studs 30.. y y A `the slots. In this Vform of my invention the rods 4B do not extend throughout the entire width o the panel.

Referring particularly to Figs. 12 and 13, an I- beam stud 3II is illustrated as carrying a plurality of panelsv 44, said panels being provided with recesses 45 similar to the recess described in conjunction with Fig. '11. Rods. extend across the recess 45 and are embedded inthe panel thickness on each-side of the recess. Said rods are adapted to engage in the hanging member 41, each of which comprises a lower hook member 48 and an upper clamping member 49 between which the rods 4 5 are positioned. l

Referring particularly to Fig. 14, an I-beam stud 30 `is illustrated as carrying a panel 3l similar to the panels Q and 21. A plurality of recesses 32 similar to recesses I0 and- 29 are provided in the panel. In this form of my invention, an eyelet member 50 is carried by I-beam 35 and secured thereto by bolts` 5| or otherwise. An engaging member 52 having an upper hooklike element 53 and a lower clamping element 54, is carried by the panel, the engaging member being secured tothe panel by means of nails or screws55. The hook-like member 53 and clamp member 54 engage the encircling eyelet 53.

Referring particularly to Fig. l5, an I-beam 33 carries a forwardly extending hook 56 which` is secured to a ilange of the I-beam by means of bolts 51 or' the like. The I-beam is adapted to carry a panel 3l having a plurality of' recesses 32 similar to recesses I0 and 29. An eyelet 58 is carried by the' panel 3| and secured thereto by means of nails or screws 59.

Referring particularly to Fig. 16, I-beam stud 30 carries an eyelet 50 which is secured to the flange of the I-beam by means' of bolts or the like 6I. A panel 3| is carried by the I-beam, said panel being provided with a plurality of recesses 32. `A downwardly extending hook'member 62 is secured to the panel 3| by means of bolts or screws 83.

In order to make the attaching means moresecure and to `prevent movement ofthe slabs cement or cementitious materials or in `general portion of the materialshaving 'adhesive and/or plastic properties which may set after drying or curing, may be placed in or around the attaching means Just prior to placing the slabs inposition.

Nailing strips may be employed wherever convenient or necessary for attaching either interior or exterior'iinishes, such as plaster or ex-l panded metal for the interior or clapboard on the exterior. These may comprise wood strips suitablydisposed in the slabs.

Although wood-siding is indicated at i3 in Fig. 17 the invention contemplates the use of any desired type'of exterior finish 'for the wall slabs, such as', for example, brick or stone veneer, stucco, metal siding, or the like, Exterior finishes, such as plywood, or sheets of any other desired material which .is sumciently resistant to deterioratlon from moisture and varying'weather conditions, may be applied to the slabs after they are installed or may be furnished integral with the individual wall slabs, being attached, inthe latter case, to the underlying surface of the slabs by glueing, or in any other desired manner.

A plaster finish 20 applied directly to the interior surface of the wall slabs, is here illustrated, although the invention contemplates the use of any other acceptedv type of interior ilnish,

Vsuch as for example, wood or` plywood panels,`

metal sheets, tiling or simulated tile, linoleum or the like which may be integral'with the slabs as they are installed, or may be attached thereto in any desired manner after the slabs are installed in the wall. Reinforced mesh, such as expanded metal lath, or the like, may lbe employed with plaster or other plastic finishes on the interior surface of the wall. when desired, as well as with the stucco finishes, or the like, for the exterior surface.

It will be apparent from the foregoingthat the invention `provides a number of related but nonequivalent methods and means of attaching slabs of wall materials to spaced stud members in the wallsv ofa structure. Each of these methods and means is particularly well adaptedto use with wall slabs composed primarily of the so-called rigidtype of heat-insulating materials such as gypsum blocks or preferably slabs of -insulation composed of brous materials, ofvegetable, animal or mineral origin, as wellas other types of insulating slabs and blocks such as, for'example,

cast or molded materials containing ingredients of good insulating quality or a high percentage 'of relatively small voids or pockets of entrapped air or inert gas. 'I'he features of the invention are particularly dsirable inconnection with the use of slabs or blocks of insulating materials" Molded or precast slabs of hydraulic cement, conv crete, natural or synthetic resins, ceramic materials and the like may be attached to the framing members of any type of structure in the manner and by the means herein provided.-

As applied to buildings such as houses. oilice buildings, factories and the like, any desired form and type of interior and exterior wall materials may be utilized in" conjunction with the wall slabs. When plaster is employed as an interior finish it is preferably applied directly to the in-v terior surface of the slabs although expanded metal lath, wire mesh'or the like may, of course, be utilized as a base, when desired. Stucco and kellastone or the like may be applied to the exterior surface of the slabs either without or, preferably, with a suitable reinforcing mesh. Brick or stone veneer may be applied over the slabsV and wood ormetal siding of any desired type as well as wood or composition shingles may be employed as an external iinish. When wood siding, shingles or panels of wood, metal or composite materials are employed suitable nailing strips may be anchored to the slabs in any desired Ulli manner such as. for example, by embedding or n anchoring bolts, metal clips or the like in the insulating material and attaching the same to the nailing strips. Masonry veneer may also'be anchored to the slabs in a similar manner.

It will also be understood that, although metal studs such as I-beams or H-columns are shown in theillustrations, wood framing may be employed withcqual facility, in which case the wood studs may be of either squarerectangular, I or H Aof the invention, as defined by the appended claims. The same applies to various'modlcations and minor departures from the specinc forms of wall slabs as well as the method and means of attaching the wall slabs, herein illustrated and described.

I claim as my invention:

1. A wall comprising in combination spaced lstud members, slabs of wall material disposed in pairs between said stud members, the outer faces of which are disposed in substantially parallel planes, attaching means comprising hooks` carried by the side ends of said slabs and extending from the body of the slabs, means carried by said studs for engaging with said hooks whereby the inner faces of the slabs are carried by the studs substantially flush with the outer portions of said studs, the outer portions of said studs and attaching means being covered by said wall material.

2. A wall comprising in combination spaced stud members, slabs of wall material disposed in pairs between said stud members, the outer faces of which are disposed in substantially parallel planes, attaching means carried'by the side ends of said slabs and extending from the body of the slabs, hooks carried by said studs for engaging with said attaching means carried by the slabs whereby the inner faces of the slabs are carried by the studs and lie substantially ush with the outer portions of said studs, the outer portionsot said studs and attaching vmeans being covered by said wall material.

,3. A wall comprising in combination spaced stud members, slabs of wall material the faces of which are disposed in substantially parallel planes and extending between adjacent stud members, attaching means comprising auxiliary members secured to said slabs and studs at spaced intervals, certain of said auxiliary members being provided with slots for engaging other auxiliary members whereby to secure the slabs to the said studs, in a manner whereby the slab may be attached to the supporting members by moving the slab in a plane at substantially right angles to the face of the wall.

4. A wall comprising in combination spaced stud members, slabs of wall material the faces of which are disposed in substantially parallel planes and extending between adjacent stud members, attaching means comprising auxiliary members secured'to said slabs and studs at spaced intervals, certain of said auxiliary members comprising loops for engaging other auxiliary members whereby the slabs may be mounted upon studs in adjacent relationship by moving the slabs in a plane substantially at right angles to the face of the wall, whereby the inner faces of the slabs lie fiat upon and are attached to the anges 'of the said studs.

5. A substantially vertical building wall comprising spaced supporting members carrying l panel supporting means, a wall panel of greater width and length than thickness, said panel having substantially vertically spaced recesses adjacent opposite side edges thereof said recesses containing supporting means complementary to the supporting means carried by the supporting members, at least one of said supporting means comprising an open hooked member whereby the panel may be attached to the supporting member by moving the panel in a plane at substantially right angles to the face of the wall.

y JACQUE C. MORRELL.

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