US2204141A - Ornamental paper manufacture - Google Patents

Description

June 11, 1940. F, v. L OFGREN 2,204,141

1 ORNAMENTAL PAPER MANUFACTURE Filed Dec. 24, "1956 OIL5EED FLOUR OILSEED FLOUR 50A SOAP conurrloumc. AGENT (,ONDTIONINQ GENT .PIGMENT FIGMISNT f, F J

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INVENTOR.

Patented June 11, 1940 PATENT oFF cE ORNAMENTAL PAPER MANUFACTURE Frederick V. Lofgren, Valparaiso, Ind., assignor to Glenn Davidson, Aurora, Ill.

Application December 24, 1936, Serial No. 117,529

11 Claims.

This invention relates to ornamental fabric manufacture, and more particularly fabric of the character adapted to decoration of walls and surfaces to be covered. Customarily, wall paper is manufactured by first applying to the raw paper stock a layer of finely divided mineral matter, as kaolin or clay and desired coloring pigments, these being held together and held onto the stock by a binder, the mixture being applied in aqueous suspension and being mechanically smoothed out to an even layer. Then, either before or after this layer, termed in the trade the ground is allowed to dry, the finishing designs are superimposed upon it by printing with aqueous inks, which are in general similar in composition to the first layer in that they usually contain clay, pigments and adhesive. .The adhesive used is, of course, dissolved or dispersed in water or an alkalin solution before being mixed with the clay and other pigments. Animal glue, casein, and starch, have been used for some time in the industry. Each, of these has presented particular dimculties and limitations in usage, restricting their application and results. In accordance with the present invention however, ornamental fabric manufacture becomes feasible with a range of applicability and improved results not heretofore possible, and with such material as oleaginous seed flours as for instance soya bean flour, peanut, cotton seed, hemp seed, castor bean, lupine, and the like.

There are on the market at present two general classifications of wall paper. The first is non-washable wall paper, and the second washable wall paper. These classifications, are, in addition, of course to varnished, lacquered and other modified types of decorative paper. In the case of the non-washable wall paper, one or two strokes of a wet sponge will ordinarily remove entirely the design and ground coat, leaving the raw stock exposed. Washable wall paper, to be considered satisfactory must be capable of withstanding fifty and preferably one hundred strokes of a wet sponge without showing any appreciable effect on either the design or the ground. The non-washable wall paper is most commonly made up with a starch binder. The washable wall paper has in the past particularly been made up with animal glue or casein, and depending particularly upon special hardening treatment for such washable properties as they were able to attain. The present invention is directed, in part, to securing superior washing qualities in washable wall paper and the like.

With such a material as soya bean flour there has been inherently a lack of desirable fluidity for a process of applying colors and designs. to the extent that a printing mixture did not smooth out as readily as mixtures made up with animal glue, casein, etc., and printed designs had a tendency to appear rough and uneven. It is to- 5 ward the elimination of these difficulties also, that the present invention is directed.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends,'the invention, then, comprises the features hereinafter fully described, and particularly pointed out in the claims, the following description and the annexed drawing setting forth in detail certain illustrative embodiments of the invention, these being indicative however, of but r a few of the various ways in which the principle of the invention may be employed.

In said annexed drawing:

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary plan view of an ornamental fabric in accordance with the invention; and Fig. 2 is a section on line 11-11 with enlargement of details for clarity.

The oil seed flour, such as soya bean flour is made up with other ingredients. among which is water glass. Although water glass has been successfully employed in the relatively thick glues H customary in plywood and veneer practice, it has been impossible'heretofore to incorporate water glass into any such mixture for application in the wall paper industry, for the reason that if added to a dispersion of oil seed flour in an aqueous medium, the mixture tends to change in consistency and thicken, precluding usage by wall paper printing roller machinery. I have now made the surprising discovery however that if water glass is introduced after incorporation of clay, instead of adding the water glass to the dispersion of oil seed flour before clay or other pigments are incorporated, the mixture instead of thickening up, becomes more fluid. and furthermore, the water glass in such connection is found 40 to very greatly reduce the amount of oil seed flour necessary to bind the pigments as applied to the paper.

While rosin soap was formerly used as an ingredient to some extent in plywood and veneer glues, it has been impossible to incorporate it in oil seed flour mixtures for wall paperwork. for the reason that it also, like water glass, resulted in a thickening of the mixture to such gelatinous condition that it would not work in wall paper printing machinery. In the present invention however, the surprising result is obtained that two agents, viz. water glass and soap, which have heretofore been impossible in wall paper practice with oil seed flours by reason of the thickening or jelling tendency, can now be brought together, with strikingly advantageous workability and final properties. And in fact, regardless of prior known agents individually a novel manufacture of ornamental products with oil seed flour and water glass, or oil seed flour and amounts of soap prima facie apparently impossible in printing application, are had. In proceeding in accordance with the invention, an oil seed flour, as from the solids after removal of oil, for instance soya bean flour, preferably a flour which has not been too highly heated, is employed, for example one which when made up in suitable dispersion will show viscosity of 125 or less and preferably less than 100 on a MacMichael viscometer using a #30 wire, 20 R. P. M. and a inch bob immersed to a depth of inch. That is, for such a test the dispersion is made up by mixing soya bean flour with water at the rate of one hundred pounds to three hundred pounds of water at 85 F., with stirring out ,of lumps, then adding one gallon of 26 B. am-- monia and stirring fifteen minutes, and then adding one gallon of pine oil and stirring five minutes.

Proceeding then in accordance with the invention the oil seed flour is made up with suflicient water, stirring to a smooth suspension, then soap dissolved in water is added and the mixture stirred thoroughly. The soap is preferably a fatty acid soap of an alkali, such as sodium, potassium, or ammonium. Less desirably, naphthenic and rosin soaps may be employed. After the incorporation of the soap, preferably a small amount of pine oil is thoroughly stirred in. And, the mixture is incorporated with a suspension of clay or the like in water, this being the usual paper coating clays or kaolin, and other pigments, the particular color desired in the mixture depending upon the particular printing effect, and among other white pigments may be included to a greater or less extent, talc, lithopone, zinc oxide, etc., and colored pigments, umber, carbon black, lakes, etc. After all has been thoroughly incorporated and mixed, water glass is added. This may be for instance a sodium silicate of 3.25 SiO2/1Na2O ratio desirably, although it is not critical, and it may be supplied by diluting stock of 40 Baum, more or less. Further tinting colors may be incorporated if desired. The amount of water glass incorporated may vary, depending upon the particular finished product in view, and may be three per cent or more based on the flour, to one hundred per cent or more, as desired. In some instances, instead of the water glass, in whole or part, other agents may be employed less desirably, but in every case after the clay or the like is incorporated with the oil seed flour, and among such agents may be for instance trisodium phosphate, sodium carbonate, borax, caustic soda, ammonia, ethylenediamine, triethaniolamine, tetra alkyl ammonium hydroxide, etc., in general in molecularly equivalent amounts to the sodium silicate. And, the sodium silicate and such enumerated agents may for convenience, be designated conditioning agents. The amount of soap employed may be over five per cent, and in general up to twenty per cent, and preferably about ten per cent. And lessening the amount of water glass below the amounts indicated above as preferred, necessitates in general the raising of the amount of the oil seed flour in compensation to obtain a desirable binder action with regard to the mixture and the paper; while a lessening of the amount of soap below the amounts indicated above as preferred, tends to lessen the water resistance of the finished product. That is, such preferred stated amounts yield products having a water resistance heretofore unknown in this type of article. In some instances, instead of adding a soap as such, the oil seed flour may be dispersed with a. caustic soda solution and a soap-making fatty acid may be added to the mixture.

As illustrating the full procedure then, for example for each hundred pounds of dry soya bean flour, three hundred pounds of water is employed, the flour being stirred therein to a smooth suspension, then ten pounds of a sodium tallow soap dissolved in one hundred pounds of water is added and the mixture stirred. Preferably, one gallon of pine oil is then added. As soon as the latter is thoroughly stirred in, the mixture is incorporated with the clay or other pigments, at the rate of one hundred sixty-five pounds of suspension containing one hundred pounds of dry clay or the like and sixty-five pounds of water, to each thirty pounds of the aforesaid mixture (corresponding to about six pounds of dry soya bean flour) After the whole is thoroughly intermixed, six pounds of 40 B. water glass diluted with eighteen pounds of water are added and thoroughly mixed, and further tinting colors may be added. This mixture is now applied to the paper stock, for instance with the customary wall paper printing machines. Preferably the ground is printed on the paper, and in turn the final designs. If it is desired to make a non-washable paper product, the soap 7 as above-noted may be substituted by ammonia or other alkali and the procedure followed. If this then were to be treated with hardening agents, it would not go over into an extremely satisfactory washable wall paper. On the other hand, when including the soap, and hardenin the paper as described hereinafter, superior washing qualities are obtained. Employing the preferred soaps of the fatty acids of higher molecular weight, as for instance those of cotton seed, tallow, etc., for the final hardening while formaldehyde may in some instances be used,

a solution of an aluminum salt is preferable.

This may be prepared from aluminum sulphate and then with relation by an acid ion, preferably for instance sodium acetate or formate.

Thus, the printed paper. may be treated in a hardening solution of two and a half pounds of aluminum sulphate and one pound of sodium acetate to each one hundred pounds of water, and the finished printed paper is finally dried. In cases where desired, the fabric employed, instead of being a felted fabric like paper, may be a woven textile fabric.

Paper printed, thus employing water glass, soap and a basic aluminum salt, as aluminum acetate, is not only particularly easily manufactured, printing in a mannerv not expected with such an ingredient as soya bean flour, but yielding a very superior washability, almost approaching that of the order of oil cloth. At the same time, the cost of manufacture, as compared with prior practices, involves such advantageous savings as to facilitate preparation of washable papers almost as cheaply as the common non-washable type.

Other modes of applying the principle of the invention may be employed, change being made as regards the details described, provided the features stated in any of the following claims,

or the equivalent of such, be employed.

2. Wall ornamenting material comprising a cellulosic 'sheetbase layer and ornamentation thereon of pigment and reaction products of water-dispersed oil seed material and fatty acid soap and Water glass, and a hardening-reactant.

3. Ornamental sheet material comprising a cellulosic sheet base layer and ornamentation thereon of pigment and products of water-dispersed oil seed material and fatty acid soap and water glass, and a. hardening agent.

4. Ornamental sheet material comprising a cellulosic sheet base layer and ornamentation thereon which does not destroy pliancy of the cel ulo e and w ch c ud Pigment and D which comprises facing cellulosic sheet material ucts of water-dispersed oil seed material and fatty acid soap.

5. Ornamental sheet cellulosic material, comprising a cellulosic base layer and ornamentation thereon which does not destroy pliancy of the cellulose and which includes pigment and prod- .ucts of water-dispersed oil seed material and thereon of products of water-dispersed oil seed material and a conditioning agent.

7. A process of making washable wallpaper, which comprises printing on a paper base layer a ground and a design of pigment and reaction products of oil seed material in water with fatty acid soap and water glass, and subjecting the surface tothe action of a hardening reactant.

8. A process of making washable wallpapeh' which comprises printing on a paper base layer ornamentation of pigment and reaction products of oil seed material in water with fatty acid soap, and subjecting the surface to the action of a hardening reactant.

9. A process of making ornamental fabric, which comprises printing on cellulosic sheet ma.- terial ornamentation of products formed by oil seed material in water with fatty acid soap and pigment and water glass.

10. A process of making ornamental fabric,

and preserving pliancy therein by applying products of oil seed material in water with soap and pigment successively incorporated.

11. A process ofmaking ornamental. fabric, which comprises facing cellulosic sheet material and preserving pliancy therein by applying products of oil. seed material in water with pigment and water glass successively incorporated.

FREDERICK V. LOFGREN.

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