US2201314A

US2201314A - Cooling system

Info

Publication number: US2201314A
Application number: US106720A
Authority: US
Inventors: Frank P Illsley
Original assignee: ARTHUR H BOETTCHER
Current assignee: ARTHUR H BOETTCHER
Priority date: 1936-10-21
Filing date: 1936-10-21
Publication date: 1940-05-21
Anticipated expiration: 1957-05-21

Description

I May 21, 1940. F. PplLLsLEY Q 4 COOLING SYSTEM Filed on. '21. 193 4' Sheets-Sheet 1 4 I I Fmk P, I llslg v qttorneg y 1940- F. P. ILL-SLEY' 2,201,314

COOLING SYSTEM I Filed 00;. 21, 1936 4 She e'tsPShet 2 Zinhentor PM k P. 111513 l Ijhis invention relates} to cooling systems for;

internal combustion engines, and. hasrto; do with i l a coolingisystem particularly adaptedfwforiuse slight-"area;of rcontact betwen niewalvemember with automobiles and with avalvefor usein suc and the:l'cooperating valve sea ahci -bihg' pro a system. ,a, i. m. a 'lIhe-use oi a; cooling system for, amautomobile the'systemean'dsof greatarearel'ativ to the valve 1 engine, and which system is normally, closed tee: mmherifdriopening thersanieg' this valye -assuringthe atmosphere, possesses numerous acivantages thatrthe systemrz-willbe oneiiewtothe atmosphere over the cooling systems now in use-and which-w at the predetermined maximiimiiressure withing" m are at all times ;open,to the atmosphere; By the syste'rnizzl tirther objectsan" advantages of i0 having thegcooling system closed tothe atmosa my invention 'lwill appear fro h" detail" de phere, loss of water orantl-freeze is prevented, yseriptiom l. I, l 1 the engine may operateat highertemperatures rmtheldrawingsz l than with a normally open cooling. system with Figured i's'a': fragmentary sid viewcf anin 15 resultingincrease in efliciencyi and the; radiator r: ternal: combustion engine an'd a cooliiigsystem may be of smaller capacity than in thenormally -z=in accordaneemith"mylinventiorrapplied thereto; open cooling system,,;thuseffecting a saving inparts being:shown im'section, i cost of the radiator.; Whileagclosed coolingsys-n Figure: 2121's ay'arragxnentary eetiOIiaI yie'W tem is preferable toa' nO imally open ;,cooling "fuhIOUEhlcilhE?tbp itankiOf a radiatdr and-the valve system, for the reasons noted, there areceitain- :of mylinvention applied therfetoi illustrating a difficulties attendant upon the use of a; closed; modified'iormtofmyinventio system. Figure. ;Bs,:is: "aa fragment In a. closed system considerablepressure may through .thettopvwa'll of the to build unwithin the system, including the radir 'lustrating av modifiedfornt'dfator, accompanied by'an increase: in temperature va1ve;.-

F nghich may become sufficiently high tosoften the Figure4 is iragmentary sideWiew solder; of the joints, and under unfavorable contank ofta ira'diaton partly broken aw ditions this pressure may becomeso great taste section; illustrating a" second cause: rupture of the radiatoror blowing off of invention s thehose connection.- In orderito limit the pres- Figure 5 is a. fragmentary backyiew of fil tiiziifi a. safe: maximum value; it is necessarylzto :gator and rassdciated parts "tratiii emnlo arelief valven Relief valves of ordinary .modifi'cation oi'myfii'nventiori P typg-garejnot suitable for this purpose,due to the Figure. 6 1 ejli'ragn entary smaLl area of the valve exposed to the pressure gine-an'dv adiatofiillustratiii A within the system; and to the relatively large, area oij contact between the valveand itsyseat.

A relief valveuseci in a vcoolingsystem is subiect to thegliquid and vaporszof the system andsoon M fouled or corroded, with .the result that lve member sticks to its seatiand will not: gpematthe desired safe and predetermined maxa imurn pressure. A further diflicultyin using a close ci system is that. if the lflller cap or ,equiv'a lent member is removed for replenishing the) 4 5 water l r. liquid in the radiator when thersystem urine: appreciable pressure, thereisgreatvdanvz ger of the person removing the'zcapvbeing SfiI'i-j ousl y egalded by water: and steame. blowing out throngh the filler neck or opening; i, W Qneggfmthe main objects of; my invention isto? .provigez a gthoroughly practical and highly emoijr A ent cgoling system for internal combustionen- Figure lv ariaipsiii i L v inb a section illustrating a third .e f. v rtic lrseatlona vie u he fill K ec andassociateQparfisoha radiator and closnre neans thf01t,;;illustratin r a fourth flQFflQ! fil y men iomm associateci; parts shown-ein rigure 10;" 5 g i gines m ticularly well suited ior-usewithaiitw F'igl.1i'e{i0, partly-broken away;

tmesphere and is free of the above noted cap oiFlgure and i vided', with?avmeinber fisubject to the ressure of is Figure 11 isja plan view of the filler neclranci t mobile engines, which system is normally :eiosecl Figure; 13 isvanunclerneath view oflthe may Figure 14 is a view similar to Figure 10 illustrating a fifth modification of my invention.

This application is a continuation in part of my copending application, Serial No. 639,317,

filed October 24, 1932, which has matured into,

inder block 0 and a cylinder head d, alsowater jacketed. This engine has associated therewith a cooling system comprising a radiator 1' which is, in general, of known construction and is provided with a top tank If and a bottom tank 8. Tank s is provided with an outlet fitting f in which ismounted a non-return valve 9 of known type. Fitting f is connected by a length of hose h to intake member 1' of a pump p,-the discharge of which is connected by a manifold m to the cylinder block 0. 'This pump may be driven in any suitable manner, and is shown as being driven from the timing gearing o of the engine. An outlet neck n extends from the head d and has a reducer 7c suitably mounted on its outer end, this reducer being connected by a length of hose 1 to an inlet fitting a of the top tank t and opening thereinto. The pump 10 serves to produce circulation of the water or cooling liquid through the cooling system in a known manner.

Neck n is suitably shaped, at its upper end, to provide a seat for a disc valve 12 operated by' a bellows thermostat. u, the lower end of. which is suitably secured at bin neck 11.. The valve 0 and the bellows-thermostat u are properly proportioned to balance the pressure so that the valve is controlled by temperature only. The valve 17 serves to close the upper or outer end of neck n until the water or cooling liquid of the engine jacket reaches a predetermined temperature sufficiently high to assure proper starting and operation of the engine. The valves 9' and aceoperate to segregate the portion of the cooling system therebetween from the radiator, 50 that relatively high pressures, with resultingincrease in temperature, can be built up in the system between these two valves without subjecting the radiator to objectionably high pressures and temperatures.

Neck n is provided with anoifset forming a valve chamber I in which is mounted a ball float valve 2 which controls a vent opening 3 in the top of chamber l. Downward movement of valve 2 in the chamber is limited by a pin 4 projecting into the lower end of the chamber. When the cooling system is properly filled with cooling liquid,

valve 2 occupies the position of Figure 1 and closes opening 3 to the atmosphere. In this figure ,thecooling liquid is at the normal level therefor when the engine is hot.

When the engine cools down, with corresponding cooling oiT of the cooling system, the cooling liquid in the systemfalls materially below the level thereof shown in Figure 1, and a partial vacuum may be produced in the cooling system. Under such conditions, valve v2 will be lowered so as to uncover the opening 3 and admit air therethrough into the system to satisfy the par tial vacuum produced.

It is desirable, particularly in a closed cooling system, that an expansion space be provided to accommodate the expansion of the cooling liquid,

when heated, and the vapors generated by heating of the liquid. The tank t is provided with a filling tube 5, the lower portion of which is closed or sealed to the atmosphere.

through the top wall of the radiator so as to form therewith a fluid-tight and pressure-resistant closure. A threaded collar 1 is secured about the upper portion of tube 5 and receives a closure cap 8 which screws onto the collar and forms therewith, and with the upper end of the tube, a fluid tight and pressure-resistant closure. The filling tube serves to limit the height to which the tank t can be filledby liquid introduced through the tube 5 and assures that an adequate expansion space 9 is provided above the liquid in the tank. It will be understood that the level of the liquid shown in Figure 1 is approximately the maximum height to which the water or like cooling liquid introduced through the tube 5 will rise when the engine is cold. After the engine has been in operation for a considerable time, the water or cooling liquid in the system becomes heated and expands so that the expansion space will be correspondingly smaller than the space shown in Figure 1. V

A cup-shaped valve casing Ill is mounted at the back of'radiator tank t and communicates therewith through a nipple ll extending from the casing and secured in a collar l2 defining an opening through the back wall of the tank. The top of casing 10 is closed by a circular diaphragm l3 of resilient metal, brass being suitable for this purpose. The edge portionof this diaphragm is tightly secured in a bead l4 formed by turning down the edge portionof casing l0 so as to form a fluid-tight and pressure-resistant closure between the edge of the diaphragm and the casing. The main portion of thejdiaphragm isdepressed so as to fitinto the upper portion of casing l0 and be held thereby in concentric relation to the casing. This diaphragm is preferably provided with a plurality of concentric corrugations extending about a valve element l5 of annular shape and defining a circular outlet opening at the center of the diaphragm. Conveniently, the element I5 is formed by turning down the center portion of the diaphragm as shown. The valve element seats upon the upper fiat face of a valve seat member l6 extending upwardly from the casing Ill centrally thereof, this seat member being formed integral with the casing. Diaphragm l3 acts, by its inherent resiliency, to normally hold valve element IS in edgewise contact with the flat seat of member l6 so as to form theresible sticking together of the valve and the valve seat due to corrosion.

Normally, the cooling system is completely In the operation of the engine, the cooling liquid is heated and vapors are evolved so that pressure is built up within the system and, consequently, within the space} and the valve casing H). The pressure exerted by the diaphragm l3 may be such that the valve member [5 starts to move away from the seat'member l6 when a definite and chamber 3!,- which chamber communicates through openings 36 with the interior of tank t. A stem 31 extends through the upper end of float tank orchamber 3| and carries, at its upper end,

a disc head 38. A bimetallic thermostat strip 39 has its inner end disposed beneath head 38, the outer endof this strip being secured to a bracket 40 secured to the inner face of the back wall of tank 15. An elbow 4| is secured through the top wall of tank t and opens into the expansion space 9. This elbow is connected by a length of hose 42 to a fitting 43 which screws into a boss 44 opening through the top of tank 25. When the engine is cold, the thermostat strip 39 holds the head 38 in its uppermost position, thus holding the valve 33 seated and preventing entry of cooling liquid into tank t through nipple 30. After the engine has been operated for an appreciable time and the cool'm" system has been heatedto the proper operating temperature, strip 39 becomes bowed downward so as to release the head 33 and, under such conditions, if thelevel of the liquid in tank 9 falls below the level of Figure 1, valve 33 opens and admits suflicient liquid from tank 25 to restore the liquid level in tank t. i It is desirable that this replenishment of the liquid in the cooling system occur when the system is at operating temperature, since, if additional liquid were admitted to the system when cold, the expansion of this additional liquid when heated might result in increasing the pressure in expansion space 9 to an undesirable extent, thus causing premature opening of the relief valve and the loss of more or less liquid rather than vapor only. In this connection it is noted that the pressure at which the relief valve opens bears an approximate relation to the operating temperature of the engine, as above pointed out. While I preferably provide the tank 25 and associated parts for automatically replenishing theliquid supply in the cooling system, this is not essential and these parts may be omitted if desired. Also, if desired,the valves 12 and 2, and associated parts, may be omitted, as well as the valve g.

In the form of my invention illustrated in Figure 2 top wall 50 of the tank t is provided with a filler opening defined by a collar A threaded ring 52 is secured about the collar 5| so as to form a fluid-tight and pressure-resistant closure therewith. Ring 52 receives a flange nut 53 which screws thereon. A cylindrical filling tube 54 extends through ring 52 and downwardly within tank t to within a short distance of the bottom wall thereof. This tube'is provided, at its upper end, with an outwardly extending flange 55 which is tightly clamped between the upper face of ring 52 and flange 56 of nut 53, so as to provide a fluid-tight and pressure-resistant closure about the flange of the tube. Flange 56 of nut 53 is interiorly threaded for reception of a threaded closure cap 51 screwing into flange 56, this cap having an outer flange 58 which seats upon a gasket 59 confined between flanges 56 and 58 so as to form a fluid-tight and pressure-resistant closure therebetween. Preferably, flange 55 of tube 54 is suitably secured to flange 56 of nut 53. By removing nut 53 the tube 54 may be removed so that there is no air trapped in tank t which may then be filled more quickly than when tube 54 is in place. The cap 51 is provided with an L-shaped duct 60 extending from a central cavity 6| in the under face of the cap and opening through the under face of flange 58. Normally,- the outer end of duct 66 is sealed by the gasket 59. If the cap 51 is screwed out of flange 56 for a short distance, the outer end of duct 60 is moved out of contact with gasket 59 and the duct then serves to vent any pressure Within the tube 54 to the at mosphere.- This serves as a warning that appreciable pressure exists within the tank t and the cap 51 should not be removed until the pressure within the tank has dropped to atmospheric pressure, or approximately so, which can be determined'by the velocity of the air or vapor e'scaping through the duct 60.

Top wall 50 of the tank is provided with an opening which accommodates a valve structure 62, quite similar to the valve structure of Figure 1, wall 50 being depressed about this opening to provide a flange 63 forming a seat for bead 64 of valve structure 62. This valve structure comprises a lower casing section 65 of cup-like shape, and an upper casing section 66, also of cup-like shape. A metal diaphragm 61 extends across the casing section ,65, the main or body portion of this diaphragm being slightly depressed so as to fit into section 65 in centered relation thereto.. The edge portion of diaphragm 61 constitutes a flange element which extends between the casing sections 65 and 66, which sections are secured tightly together by the head 64 formed by turning downwardly and inwardly the peripheral portion of casing section 65. In this manner the two sections of the casing are secured tightly together and the edge portion of the diaphragm is clamped tightly between the casing sections so as to form therewith a fluid-tight and pressure-resistant closure extending about the circumference of the valve casing. The diaphragm 61 is formed of resilient sheet metal, preferably brass or bronze, and is preferably provided with a plurality of concentric corrugations as shown. .The diaphragm is pierced centrally and is turned downwardly to provide an annular valve member 68 defining a'circular outlet opening. This member 68 is quite thin, being of the same thickness as the diaphragm 61, and has edge contact with a flat valve seat 'provided by a seat member 69 extending inwardly from the central portion of casing section 65 and conveniently formed integral there- -With. The diaphragm 61 normally acts, by its inherent resiliency, to hold valve member 68 against the seatof member 69 so as to form a fluid-tight closure therewith. Casing section 65 communicates with the expansion space in tank 1. through openings in the lower wall of section 65, or' in any other suitable manner. Section 66 of the valve casing is provided with an outwardly oifset element H, in which is secured a tube 12 opening to atmosphere at a suitable location. This section 66 may also be provided with an opening 13 to atmosphere, in front of which, within section 66, and suitably secured thereto. is disposed a baflie member 14.

The area of the diaphragm 61 exposed to the pressure within the tank t is much greater than the area of the outlet opening or port defined by the valve element 68, and, since this element has edge contact with the seat of member 69, there is no possibility of the valve sticking closed due to corrosion or other causes. When the pressure within the cooling system reaches the for cleaning, .repair or replacement.

of Figure 5, with the exception that diaphragm 61 is provided with an air inlet opening 61a controlled by a needle valve II 0 carried by a bimetallic thermostat strip I I I, at one end there of, this strip being secured, at its other end, at H2, to the diaphragm. At ordinary operating temperatures, valve II 0 is closed and the main valve 62c operates in the manner previously described. If the cooling system cools down to a temperature such as .to create a partial vac uum therein, the thermostat strip III acts to open valve 0, admitting air from tube 8! and easing section 66a' through opening 61a. and thence through casing section 65a to tank t, and also acts as a pressure vent to vent to the atmosphere air displaced from the tank by expansion of the liquid in the preliminary warming up of, thesystem.

H In the modified form of valve 62d ho n in Figure 8, a collar N5, of angle section, seats upon and may be secured to the upper face of diaphragm 61b, this collar being interiorly threaded for reception ofan exteriorly threaded annular valve member II6 which screws into the collar and is provided with a circumferential shoulder 1' which bears against the under face of diaphragmIi'Ib. The diaphragm is thus clamped tightly between collar H5 and shoulder II'I, valve member II6 being thus secured to the diaphragm for movement therewith, At its lower portion, member H6 is beveled from the opposite sides thereof to provide an element I I6a of reduced thickness and which has edge contact with a fiat valve seat at the upper'end of a screw plug H8 screwing into an interiorly threaded collar II9 extending upwardly from lower casing section 65b. This plug H8 is provided, in the upper end thereof, with a central depression I20 corresponding to element 691) of valve 620. By removing plug II8, access may be had to the valve chamber and the valve seat and member The depression I20 is curvedto conform in shape to the segment of a sphere so that particles of foreign materials, which might otherwise tend to collect upon the flat upper face of plug H8, and which enter the depression I20, are swept from this depression by vapors or gases passing between member II6 and seat member H8 and thence through the outlet port defined by'member II6. Similarly, in valve 620 of Figure 7, element 69b provides a rounded depression from which particles of foreign materials are readily swept by vapors flowing under pressure into and through the valve member.

In the modified form of valve 620, shownin Figure 9, a valve seat member I2I is supported from the top wall of upper casing section 66b by a pin I22 which screws through a ball I23 rockably'mo'unted in a spherical socket structure "I24 defined in partby element I25 of wall 66b and by member I26 secured to the upper face of this wall. Valve seat member I2I is of dished crosssection, being shaped to correspond to the segment of a sphere, and presents a rounded upper face which has edge contactwith valve element preferable.

68 of diaphragm 61. This renders the valve seat member and the associated valve element selfcleaning and efiectively eliminates possibility of sticking together thereof due to corrosion or col-- lection of foreign materials therebetween. By turning pin I22, the valve seat member may be adjusted relative to the valve element 68 so as to set the valve to operate at any desired pressure,

within limits. The ball mounting of pin I22 permits of swinging movement of valve seat member I2I so that this member is self-aligning relative to valve element 68, thus assuring proper contact between this element and its coacting seat member.

In Figure 6 I have illustrated. an additional modified form of means for filling thejcooling system. An outlet neck-n' extends from head d of the engine and is connected, at its upper end,

to a T fitting I30. The upper end of fitting I30 is .connected'by. a short length of hose I3I to an inlet fitting I32 secured to, and opening into, top

tank T of the radiator 1'. Neck I30a of fitting I30 is closed by a screw cap I33. The fitting I30 is I so disposed that the upper end thereof is in the plane of the desired liquid level within the tank T. Thisassures that liquid introduced into the system through neck a cannot extend above the desired level therein.

If desired, insteadof having the thermostati cally controlled vent valve mounted on the diaphragm of the main valve, as in Figure 7, the valve casing may be provided with an opening to atmosphere at the valve seat sideof the diaphragm,

this opening being controlled by a thermostatiopening, or entry of air through the vent opening,-

at all times or as conditions may require. Furthermore, the vent opening referred to may be suitably positioned to preventfreezing of the main valve, in that it may be disposed to drain moisture from the main valve casing.

In addition to the filler neck or filler tube closure means above referred to, I also contemplate providing a closure for the filler neck,

which closure is urged closed by yieldable means permitting displacement thereof for introducing cooling liquid into the system. In the event of there being appreciable pressure within the radiator tank or cooling system, this pressure will be effective to hold theclosure member tightly seated and to prevent opening thereof except by the,

exertion of unusual pressure thereon. Various means may be employed for maintaining a proper expansion space within the cooling system, preferably within the top tank of the radiator, though the means herein disclosed are The maintalnance of this expansion space is-desirable as rendering available air or vapor for discharge through the relief valve, upon opening of the latter, thus assuring operation of this valve in proper manner to produce the audible signal above referred to.

Referring to Figures 10 to 13, inclusive, top tank t of the radiator is provided with a filler neck I35 formed as shown. A split band I36 is secured,

about neck I35 in a suitable manner, conveniently by screw means I31. Band I36 is provided with an offset I38 in which is disposed a short tube I38a, closed at it lower end, from which extends similar to that of Figures 10 to 13, inclusive. The tube I39a is disposed within neck I61, cap I46b is truly'circular in plan, and opening I641) registers with the upper end of thimble I40, as before. The cap is provided with depending fingers cooperating with cam elements of a band I35a suitably secured about neck I61, 10 to 13, inclusive. If the cap is turned counterclockwise a short distance, sufiicient to permit of its moving upward out of contact with thimble I40, or to dispose opening ISM) so that'it opens in part into thimble I 40 and in part into neck IS], with appreciable, pressure within the radiator, the latter is vented through tube I39a, giving an audible signal readily heard, particularly if the engine is stopped. If turning of the cap in opening direction is continued, with appreciable pressure within the radiator, the cap will be raised from the neck, giving a visual and audible signal, and complete removal of the cap, so long as the pressure persists, will be obstructed in the same manner as in Figures 10 to l3. The form shown in Figure 14 omits the elbow 54a and associated elements of Figures 10 to13, as being unnecessary due to the disposition of tube I39a within neck I66.

It will be seen that in the forms of my invention shown in Figures 2, 4, 10 to 13, inclusive, and 14, I provide means for giving a visual and an audible warning, at the upper end of the filler neck, where it cannot escape the attention of a person starting to remove the cap, when the pressure within the radiator is of such value as to render removal of the capdangerous or objectionable. In certain forms, a further visual and audible warning is given if the cap is moved further in opening direction, and complete opening of the cap is obstructed so long as appreciable pressure within the radiator persists.

Preferably, I provide a strainer I68 at the under face of portion I55 of disc I54. This strainer is of reticulated construction, provided at its outer edge with a sheet metal reinforcing annulus I89, crimped thereon; and has inforcing annulus crimped thereon, as

a central re- IIIl, also of sheet metal, shown in Figure 10. Valve seat member I51 passes through annulus I10, which is clamped between flange I59 and the under face of portion I55 ofclisc- I54, for securing the strainer in' position. The strainer is concaved downwardbetween members I 69 and I70, to increase its efiective area while rendering it self-cleaning, in that particles adhering to the under face of the strainer will be washed therefrom and returned to the radiator by gravity, by condensate passing downward through the strainer.

important that Referring to Figure 10, the filler neck I35 is provided, at its lower end, with a flange I35a fit- .tinginto a corresponding depression in the. top

neck be not of any considerable weight, as otherwise the weight thereof and the vibration to which the parts are subjected would be apt to soon pull the base of the filler neck loose from the wall of tank t. The cap I46 and associated parts are of sheet metal construction, as shown, which renders the device as a whole of exceptionally light weight, but of adequate strength, and avoids danger of loosening of the. filler neck.

as in Figs.

- valve comprising Also, by having valve I53 of light weight I avoid likelihood of this valve vibrating in resonance with the neck'and adjacent parts.

As above indicated, and as will be understood by those skilled in the *art, various changes in construction and arrangement of parts of my invention may be resorted to without departing from the field and scope of the same, and I intend to include all such variations, as fall within the scope of the appended claims, in this applica- I tion, in which the preferred forms only of my invention are disclosed.

What I claim is:

1-. In an automobile, in combination with an internal combustion engine and a cooling system therefor normally closed to the atmosphere and including a radiator, a valve having a port for venting the system, said valve comprising a pressure responsive member of materially greater area than the valve port and normally acting to maintain the valve closed, said member being subject to the pressure within the system and actuated thereby to open the valve when said pressure exceeds a predetermined maximum.

2. In an automobile, in combination with an internal combustion engine and a cooling system therefor normally closed to the atmosphere and including a radiator, means for maintaining within the radiator an expansion chamber of at least a predetermined minimum extent, and a valve communicating with said chamber .and having a port for venting it to atmosphere, said a pressure responsive me her of. materially greater area than the valve port and normally acting to maintain the valve closed, said member being subject to the pressure within the chamber the valve when said pressure exceeds a predetermined maximum.

3. In an automobile, in combination with an internal combustion engine and a cooling system therefor normally closed to the atmosphere and including a radiator, means for maintaining within the radiator an expansion chamber of at least a predetermined'minimum extent, and a 4. In an automobile, in combination with an internal combustion engine and a cooling system therefor normally closed to the atmosphere and including a radiator, means for introducing cooling liquid into the system and for limiting the maximum height to which the liquid can be introduced into the radiator to provide therein -an expansion chamber of predetermined minimum extent, and a normally closed pressure responsive valve subject to the pressure in said expansion chamber and actuated thereby for vent- .ing the expansion chamber when the pressure exceeds a predetermined maximum 5. In an automobile, in combination with an internal combustion engine and a cooling system therefor-normally closed to the atmosphere and including a radiator, a filling tube extending into the radiator and limiting filling thereof with a liquid to a predetermined level to provide within the radiator a liquid free space of predetermined minimum extent, a removable closure member for the tube, and a normally closed pressure responsive valve subject to the pressure in said space and actuated thereby for venting the space and actuated thereby to open imum.

til

6. In an automobile, in combination with an internal combustion engine and a cooling system therefor normally closed to the atmosphere and including a radiator, a filling member for the radiator, a normally closed pressure responsive valve subject to the pressure in the radiator and actuated by said pressure for venting the radiator when the pressure therein exceeds a predetermined maximum value, a removable closure member for the filling member, and means for stopping removal of said closure member when there is appreciable pressure within the radiator.

'7. In an automobile, in combination with an internal combustion engine and a cooling system therefor normally closed to the atmosphere and including a radiator, a filling member 'for the radiator, a normally closed pressure responsive valve subject to the pressure in the radiator and actuated by said pressure for venting the radiator when the pressure therein exceeds a predetermined maximum value, a removable closure member for the filling member, and means for stopping removal of said closure member when there is appreciable pressure within the radiator while permitting uninterrupted opening of the closure member suificiently to vent the radiator between said closure member and the filling member.

8. In an automobile, in combination with an internal combustion engine and a cooling system therefor normally closed to the atmosphere and including a radiator, a filling tube for the radiator, a normally closed pressure responsive valve,

subject to thepressure in the radiator and actuated by said pressure for venting the radiator when the pressure therein exceeds a predetermined maximum value, and a removable, closure member for the tube, said member and the tube having cooperating means for forming a fluid-tight and pressure-resistant closure there between when the member is in completely closed position and for venting the radiator when the closure member is moved a predetermined dtance in opening direction.

9. In an automobile, in combination with an internal combustion engine and a cooling system therefor normally closed to the atmosphere and including a radiator, a filling tube extending downward within the radiator, removable means for closing the outer end of the tube, a normally closed pressure responsive valve subject to the pressure in the radiator and actuated by said pressure for venting the radiator when the pressure therein exceeds a predetermined maximum value, and means responsive to pressure in the radiator for closing said tube to the interior of the radiator when there is appreciably greater pressure within the latter than in the former. V

10. In an automobile, in combination with an internal combustion engine and a cooling system therefor normally closed to the atmosphere-and including a radiator, means for automatically supplying a cooling liquid to the radiator and for maintaining the liquid at a predetermined level within the radiator to provide within the latter an-extension space of predetermined ex tent, and a normally closed pressure responsive valve subject to the pressure in the radiator and actuated by said pressure for venting the radiator when the pressure therein exceeds a predetermined maximum value.

11. In an automobile, in combination with an internal combustion engine and a cooling system therefor normally closed to the atmosphere and including a radiator, means for automatically supplying a cooling liquid to the radiator and for maintaining the liquid at a predetermined level within the radiator to prov'ide'within the latter an expansion space of predetermined extent, a normally closed pressure responsive valve subject to the pressure in the radiator and actuated by said pressure for venting the radiator when the pressure therein exceeds a predetermined maximum value, and means responsive to the temperature of the cooling system for disabling the liquid supplying means when the temperature of the system is below a predetermined low temperature and enabling said supplying means when the cooling system is at or above said predetermined temperature.v

12. In an automobile, in combination with an internal combustion engine and a cooling system therefor normally closed to the atmosphere and 1 and including a radiator, a normally closed pressure responsive valve subject to the pressure in the radiator and actuated by said pressure for venting the radiator when the pressure therein l exceeds a predetermined maximum value, and a movable wall subject to the pressure within the system and accessible for operating mechanisms supplemental thereto.

14. In an automobile, in combination with an internal combustion engine and a cooling system therefor normally closed to the atmosphere and including a radiator, a normally closed pressure responsive valve subject to the pressure in the radiator and actuated by said pressure for venting the radiator when the pressure therein exceeds a predetermined maximum value, and

means responsive to the temperature 'of the cool-- ing system for admitting air thereto when said system is at or belowa predetermined'low temperature.

15. In an automobile, in combination with an internal combustion engine and a cooling system therefor normally closed to the atmosphere and including a radiator, a normally closed pressure responsive valve subject to the pressure in the radiator and actuated by said pressure for venting the radiator when thepressure therein exceeds a predetermined maximum value, and

means responsive to the temperature of the cooling system for admitting air thereto when said system is at or below a-predetermined low temperature, said-means establishing free communication between the system and the atmosphere when said system is at or below said predetermined temperature.

16. In an automobile, in combination with an internal combustion engine and a cooling sysand including a radiator having a top tank, a cup-like casing having an outwardly projecting -tem therefor normally closed to the atmosphere peripheral flange adapted for seatinsin a corre- 7.5

sponding depression in a wall of the tank contiguous to an opening through said wall to accommodate the body of the casing, a cupped diatending into the flange of the casing and secured therein, and two cooperating valve members disposed centrally of the diaphragm and the casing at the side of the latter disposed within said tank, one of said members defining an outlet opening and the other controlling said opening, said casing being provided through said side thereof with an inlet opening for admitting fluid under variable pressure from said tank into-said casing, the eiTective cross-area of said outlet opening being at least, as great as the effective cross-area of the inlet opening.

17. In an automobile, in combination, an internal' combustion engine and a cooling system therefor closed to the atmosphere, and a movable wall subject to the pressure within thesystem and accessible for operating mechanisms supplemental thereto.

18. In an automobile, in combination with an internal combustion engine and a cooling system therefor normally closed to the atmosphere and including a radiator, means for limiting the level of cooling liquid within said system for maintaining therein an expansion space of at sponsive valve within said housing controlling communication between said space'and said outlet tube, said valve being disposed above the normal liquid level in said system.

19. In combination with a radiator intended for use with an automobile internal combustion .engine cooling system at all times normally closed to the atmosphere, said radiator comprising a top'tank having a top wall, a valve housing disposed in proximity to said top wall and open to said tank for receiving therefrom fluid under pressure, a substantially horizontal outlet tube exterior of and leading from said housing, said tube being in close proximity to said top wall and said housing being of slight height relative to its width, and a normally closed pressure responsive valve within said housing controlling communication betweensaid tank and said outlet tube, said valve being disposed above the normal level of cooling liquid in said radiator.

20. In an automobile, incombination with an internal combustion engine and a cooling system therefor normally closed to the atmosphere and including a radiator, a filling member for the radiator, a normally closed pressure responsive valve subject to the pressure in the radiator and member for the filling member, and means for limiting removal of said closure memberwh'en there is appreciable pressure within the radiator while permitting opening of the closure member suiliciently to-vent the radiator to atmosphere.

between said closure member and the upper end of said filling member.

21. In combination with a radiator for use in an internal combustion engine cooling system, a filling member for the radiator, a. removable closure member for the filling member, and means for obstructing removal of said closure member when there is appreciable pressure within the radiator while permitting opening of the closure member sufliciently to vent the radiator.

22. In combination with an internal combustion engine and a cooling system therefor including a radiator, a filling member for the radiator, a removable closure member for the filling member, and means for stopping removal of said closure member when there is appreciable pressure within the radiator, while permitting uninterrupted opening of the closure member sufilciently to vent the radiator between said closure member and the filling member.

23. In combination with an internal combustion engine and a cooling system therefor including a radiator, afilling tube for the radiator, and a removable closure cap for the tube extending thereacross, said cap and said tube having cooperating means for forming a fluid tight and pressure resistant closure therebetween when said cap is in completely closed position, and for venting the radiator when said closure cap is moved apredetermined distance in opening direction.

24. In combination with a radiator intended for use in an internal combustion engine cooling system normally closed to the atmosphere,

a filling member for the radiator, a normally closed pressure responsive valve subject to the pressure within the radiator for venting the latter when the pressure therein reaches a predetermined maximum value, a removable closure member for the filling member; and means eflective for obstructing removal of said closure member when there is appreciable pressure within the radiator.

25. In combination with a radiator intended for use in an internal combustion engine cooling systemnormally closed to the atmosphere, a normally closed pressure responsive valve subiect to the pressure within the radiator for venting the latter when the pressure therein reaches a predetermined maximum value, and a movable wall subject ,to the pressure within the radiator.

26. In combination, a radiator intended for use in an internalcombustion engine cooling and said venting means, said valve being dis-- -posed above the normal liquid level in said system.

FRANK P. ILLSLEY.