US2201173A

US2201173A - Machine for scalping metal work pieces

Info

Publication number: US2201173A
Application number: US180759A
Authority: US
Inventors: Hans T R Hanitz
Original assignee: Ingersoll Milling Machine Co
Current assignee: Ingersoll Milling Machine Co
Priority date: 1937-12-20
Filing date: 1937-12-20
Publication date: 1940-05-21
Anticipated expiration: 1957-05-21

Description

H. T. R. HANITZ MACHINE FOR SCALPING METAL WORK PIECES May 21, 1940.

Filed Dec. 20, 1937 9 Sheets-Sheet l NVEN'TQQ, 'Q/cms 7Q 62/0/075 /ITTOQ 19 5 y 21, 1940- H. T, R. HANITZ MACHINE FOR SCALPiNG METAL WQRK PIECES 9 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Dec. 20, 1937 lllgllll'lllll llllI!!!llllIIIll!!!Illlllll llllIll]IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIll'lhlllllllllll fly, "mu

y 1940- H. 'r. R. HANlTZ 2,201,173

MACHINE FOR SCALPING METAL WORK PIECES Filed Dec. 20, 1957 9 Shee ts-Sheet s 4 I, 5 59 P sa 5 60 X 5? 6/ f/ 64 64 63 r I I 0 v y 59 v v NvE.NTQQ 62 2/0/73 7Q Q2 0211? CATTO E S May 21, 1940.

H. T. R. HANITZ ,1

MACHINE FOR SCALPING METAL WORK PIECES 9 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Dec. 20, 1937 y 1940- H. 1'. R. HANITZ 2,201,173

MACHINE FOR SCALPING METAL WURK PIECES Filed Dec. 20, 1937 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 Q/aws 7K? Wan/75- WUAIQMJM'FL17'7W QATTOQjjS y 21, 1940- H. T. R. HANITZ 2,201,173

MACHINE FOR SCALPING METAL WORK PIECES Filed Dec. 20, 1937 9 Sheets-Sheet 6' aw y May 21, 1940. H. T. R. HANITZ 2,201,173

MACHINE FOR SCALPiNG METAL. WORK PIECES Filed Dec. 20, 19s"! 9 Sheets-Sh eet 7 All III. "III" I vENToEE fM K W,

May 21, 1940; H T R HAM-1'2 I 2,201,173

momma FOR SCALPING METAL WORK rmcas Filed Dec. 20. 1937 9 Sheets-Sheet a TTOQJQLE May 21, 1940. H. "r. R. HANITZ MACHINE FOR SCALPING METAL WORK PIECES Filed-Dec. 20, 19:57 9 Sheets-Sheet 9 NVENTOE/ 6 WW, M. l

' fl-r'rogi ps Patented May 21, 1940 mm STATES MACHINE roe scmme METAL wonx. rmcss Hans 'r. a. Hanitz, mum, n1., assignor a) The Inger-soil Milling Machine Company, Rockford, 111., a corporation of Illinois Application December 20, 1937, Serial No. 180,759

280lailns.

This invention relates generally to the scalp- .ing of workpieces such; for example, as elongated bars of metal. In some of its aspects, the invention pertains to the removal of metal 6 from the peripheral surfaces of bars "or billets to prepare the same for wire drawing, rolling into sheets, or the like.

One general object of the present invention is to provide a novel machine by which substantially the entire surface of a work blank may be scalped quickly and eifectively in the course of a single continuous operation.

A further object is to provide a novel machine in which a metal bar may be straightened and surfaced in a continuous succession of steps so correlated that the straightening pressure is utilized for clamping the bar during at least part of the machining operation.

' Still another object is to provide a novel machine tool adapted to straighten successive work blanks and scalp 2. layer of metal from their entire side surfaces in automatically repeated cycles of operation.

It is another object to provide, in a machine of the above character, a novel arrangement of the cutting tools by which the rough scalped surface may be freed of chip particles or any irregularities. Y

The invention also residesin various structural characteristics of loading, work clamping and cutter mechanism.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings. in which:

Figures 1 and 2 are respectively side elevation of the right and left hand portions of a machine tool embodying the present invention.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary plan view of 40 the loading end of the machine.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged transverse sectional view along the line 4-4 in Fig. 3.

Fig. i is a detail view of a portion of the work transfer mechanism. 46 Fig. 5 is an enlarged side elevation of the work straightening mechanism.

Fig. 6 is a transverse section taken along the line 66 in Fig. 5.

Figs. 7 to 16 are transverse sectional views 50 along the lines 1-1 to Iii-18 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 17 is an end elevation of the scalping tool.

Fig. 18 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view along the line i8--l8 in Fig. 17.

Fig. 19 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along the line I9l9 of Fig. 18.

spaced points Fig. 20 is an enlarged end elevation partially in section of the work clamping and unloading mechanism.

Fig. 21 is a detailed sectional view along the line 2l-2i in Fig. 20. 5 Fig. 22 is a wiring diagram of the circuits for the motorsby which the machine is driven.

Fig. 23 is a schematic view and wiring diagram of the cycle control mechanism.

Fig. 24 is a. fragmentary perspective illus-' 10 trating the cutting action of the scalping tools.

Although the novel machine tool organization herein contemplated is capable of a wide variety of applications, it finds particular utility in the preparation of metal billets for various rolling, drawing, or sheeting operations. Accordingly, the invention is illustrated in the drawings and will be described herein as applied to the .scalping of cast bars or billets 20 composed of copper or the like and comprisng an elongated cylinder. 0

I do not intend, however, to limit the invention order to insure complete scalping of the low The present invention contemplates straight- 35 ening of the bar to remove all bends and scalping of the entire peripheral surface, all in a continuous automatic operating cycle.. In general, the procedure followed involves moving the bar endwise, applying pressure to the bar at progressing circumferentially around the bar and also longitudinally thereof to straighten the same, scalplng of the straightened portion while the trailing portion of the bar is held against turning by the straightening pressure. clamping the leading end against turning while the trailing end is being scalped.

ing end of the bar through the cutter.

nism, and a mechanism 25 for pulling the trail- All of these mechanisms are carried by an elongated bed 26.

In the operation of the machine, bars stored in a rack 21 (Fig. 4) are transferred one by one to the skidway 2|. Proper positioning of the bar 20 on the skidway 2| actuates a pair'of feelers 30 (Fig. 4) which in turn initiates advance of the pusher 24 and feeds the bar endwise through the straightening mechanism 22 and past the scalping tool 23. The-portion of bar engaged by the straightening mechanism as the leading end reaches the cutter is gripped so that no separate clamping means is required so long as the bar remains in the straightening mechanism. After the forward end of the bar 20 has been scalped, it is gripped by an automatically actuated clamp device 33 (Fig. 2) embodied'in the mechanism 25 and pulled by the latter mechanism until the trailing end of the bar passes the cutter. As soon as the clamp 33 has operated, the pusher 24 is free to return to its starting position to initiate the advance of the next bar. Upon the completion of the scalping, the bar is unclamped and discharged onto a slideway 35 (Fig. 20) for transfer to a suitable conveyor. This cycle is repeated continuously and automatically so that successive bars are automatically straightened and scalped from end to end, each in single continuous operation.

Loading and pusher mechanisms A reserve supply of bars 2|) is maintained on the storage rack 21 (Fig. 4) preparatory to being operated upon by the machine. The rack shown is of generally rectangular ,form being made up of longitudinal and

transverse bars

36 and 31, respectively, which are joined together as a rigid framework. The inclination of the rack 21 causes the bars 20 to roll to the inner edge of the rack from which the innermost bar is transferred and loaded into the operative position by a mechanism designated generally at 28.

The presence of a bar in correct loading position on the rack 21 is detected by-a pair of feeler arms 38 pivoted on a bracket 39 which also supports the rack 21. These arms are biased toward the rack by tension springs 40. When a bar 20 is rolled against both arms and displaces the same slightly, control switches LS1 and LS2 are closed to initiate an operating cycle of the machine. By spacing the feelers along the lower edge of the rack 21 and connecting the switches in series relation, both switches must be simultaneously actuated in order to condition the machine for operation. The machine is thus disabled until a bar to be scalpe'd is properly positioned in longitudinal alinement with the lower edge of the rack.

The transfer mechanism 28 for shifting the bars 20 successively from the storage rack to the machine comprises a horizontal rotatable shaft 4| (Figs. 3, 4, and 4) having three radially extending annularly spaced arms 43 fast thereon at opposite ends. The shaft 4| is arranged to be driven counter-clockwise as viewed in Fig. 4 by a motor 29 to which the shaft is connected through a worm and worm wheel 44*, shaft 45 and bevel gears 46. The forward edges or faces of the arms .43 are notched as indicated at 4'. to receive the bars, the shaft 4| being so positioned that the arms will rise beneath the lowermost bar only on the storage rack and lift the same upwardly as the shaft rotates. After being elevated to a position above the shaft, the bar carried on the arms 43 rolls out of the notches 41 onto inclined plates 48 along which the bar rolls into the skidwayor trough 2|. The trough comprises a plurality of the alined generally L-shaped brackets 49 having wear plates 50 thereon. The inclined converging wallsof the trough receive the bar- 2|] and aline it automatically with the opening in the straightening mechanism 22 as well as with the pusher rod 24.

Operation of the motor 29 to initiate rotation of the drum 28 to, elevate a bar from the rack 31 and transfer the same to the trough 2| is, as above set forth, initiated by joint closure of the bar-detecting switches LS1 and LS2. Rotation of the arms 43 is terminated after the bar has been discharged onto the slideway 2|, this being effected by a switch LS4 (Fig. 4 actuated by a follower 5| operated by a cam 5| fast on the shaft 4|. The cam has three equally spaced lobes which determine the length of each cycle of the transfer mechanism.

In order to insure proper positioning of the bar 20 on the skidway 2| prior to the advance of the pusher 24, an interlock arrangement is provided, which is controlled by the pair of feeler arms 30. As shown in Fig. 3, these arms are generally L-shaped, being pivotally mounted and are biased to a position in which their free ends extend into the space occupied by the bar when correctly positioned on the skidway. In this position of the bar, the feelers are depressed and actuate a pair of control switches LS5 and L814 associated with the cycle control mechanism to be described later.

The bar advancing mechanism 24 is preferably of the pusher type thus obviating the necessity of clamping the bars. In the construction illustrated, this mechanism includes a push rod or ram supported from one end on a head 52 (Fig. 1) slidably mounted on ways 53 on the bed 26. To traverse the head along the ways, a nut (not shown) on the head threads onto a lead screw 54 rotatably supported at opposite ends by the machine bed and driven through suitable speed reduction mechanism 54- driven by the motor 3|. The rod 55, which is of a diameter smaller than the bars 20, butts against the bar 20 positioned in the skidway 2| and pushes the same endwise into and through the straightening mechanism. 22 as the head 52 is advanced. Preferably, the motor 3| is controlled so that the pusher head will be advanced at a rapid traverse rate until the leading end of the bar passes the straightener mechanism and approaches the cutter, then at a relatively slower feed rate, and finally is returnedto its initial position at a rapid traverse rate.

Straightening mechanism Prior to scalping, each of the bars 20 is straightened so as to remove any kinks or bends and I thereby enable a minimum thickness of metal to be removed while at the same time insuring scalping of the entire cylindrical'surface of the bar. For this purpose, the bars are preferablv advanced endwise past a series of abutments positioned to progressively flex the bars laterally in several directions out of and then back into a true rectilinear path. In the present instance. the bar is bent laterally in six different directions by abutments in the form of positively positioned rollers disposed at spaced points along the path of the bar and spaced progressively around the bar. The side of each roller which engages the bar as it passes is positioned to shift the bar laterally from the center line along which it enters and leaves the straightening mechanism. Thekinks thus formed in the bar are removed by spring pressed guide rollers and a final set of alining rollers. All of the rollers are mounted within a casing 56 (Fig. in theform of a hola low casting rigidly supported on" the bed 26.

A bar 20 entering the straightening mechanism 22 is first engaged by a set of three equally spaced guide rollers 51.(Fig. 6) which serve to aline the bar properly. These rollers are journaled in yokes 68 to turn about axes extending transverse ly of the bar axis. The yokes are slidable radially in bore 62 and are urged toward the bar by heavy compression springs 59 surrounding studs 60 on the yokes.. The springs act against cupshaped caps 6| threaded in the bores 62. Lock nuts 63 serve as means of adjusting tension in the springs 59 and also act to limit the inward movement of the rollers when the latter are not in engagement with a bar. Keys 64 prevent rotation of the yokes but allow axial movement. Itv

will be noted that peripheries of the rollers 51 are grooved to conform generally with the contour of the bars 20, this same shape being also used in all of the guide and straightening rollers.

After passing through the guide rollers 51, the bar next engages a straightening roller 65 (Fig. 7) journaled in a yoke 66. This yoke has a fixed rather than yieldable mounting being carried by a stud 61 heldin position by a lock nut 68. This mounting permits, however, adjustment for the yoke 66 and roller 65 toward and away from the bar 20 so that the amount of lateral flexure of the bar caused by its contact with the straightening roller 65 can be .varied. This adjustment also facilitates arrangement of the mechanism for receiving bars of diflerent diameters. Other straightening rollers 69 to 13 inclusive shown in Figs. 8, 10, ll,' 13, and 14 are all provided with a supporting structure substantially like that described for roller 65 above. Preferably, the straightening rollers are grouped in pairs, each pair including two rollers disposed for contact with the bar at diametrically opposed points, although all of the rollers are arranged in spaced relation longitudinally of the bar. Thus, the roller 69 is diametrically opposite to the preceding straightening roller 65. Similarly, the fixed rollers are arranged in pairs IO-ll and 12-'I3 and positioned to flex the bar in opposite directions along diameters which are spaced sixty degrees in opposite directions from the diameter along which the bar is flexed by the rollers 65 and 69. By virtue of this longitudinal and angular spacing of the rollers 65 and 69 to I3, the bar in passing the rollers will be flexed in six different directions and thus caused to travel in asinuous path by which it is straightened effecstraightening rollers 65 and 69. An adjustable and yieldable mounting'for these guide rollers is provided which is substantially identical with that heretofore described for the guide rollers 51.

It will be noted that the guide rollers 14 contact the bar along substantially the same diameter as the straightening rollers 65, 69. A similar pair of yieldably mounted guide rollers (Fig. 12).

' entrance guide rollers 51 (Fig. 6).

arranged to contact the bar on the same diameter as the straightening rollers Iii-ll, receives the bar after it passes through the latter rollers.

A final set'of three positively positioned straightening rollers 16 (Fig. 15) arranged at intervals of 120 degrees about the periphery of the bar, contact the bar simultaneously after it has passed the previous flexing abutments or rollers 12, 18. Upon leaving this last set of fixed rollers, the bar passes through a set of guide rollers 11 (Fig. 16) arranged substantially identically with the These two groups of rollers positively aline the bar with the axis of the scalping tool and maintain the leading end of the bar in position for properly entering the cutter.

The progressive flexing or kinking of the bars from end to end alternately in opposite directions and progressively around the bar followed by unkinking or straightening of the bends serves to thoroughly straighten each longitudinal element of the bar. In addition, the pressure epplied by the straightening and guide rollers is utilized to hold the bars against rotation so that the forward or straightened endof the samemay be scalped as it emerges from the straightening mechanism. This not only eliminates the necessity of providing any other clamping mechanism for preventing rotation of the bar'during scalping but also reduces to a minimum the overall length of the machine.

Scalping cutter encircling the bar being scalped and carrying a series, three in the present instance, of radially disposed blades 80 fastened-in elongated holes 8l in the body as by screws 82 (Figs. 17 and '18). The blades project into a central opening 83 in the body and have edges 80 which enter the periphery of the bar to the proper depth and cut chips 80 (Fig. 24) of widths determined by the rate at which the-bar is fed axially. The blade face 80 along which the chips follow from-the point of formation at the cutting edge is of concave curvature and shaped as shown to lead the chips outwardly and away from the cutter body. In this way, the chips are removed effectually from the cutting zone and fall free of the work.

Any fine particles of the removed metal which fall from the blades are caught in dished recesses in the face of the body Bi and by centrifugal force are .thrown out through holes Bi To remove any irregularities left by the roughing blades 80, an auxiliary blade 83 is mounted in the body in the same manner as the blades 80 and preferably is disposed between two of the latter blades. The edge 83 extends along the peripheryof the bar so as to take a light shaving cut and remove a metal layer which is very thin in a radial direction and substantially wider than the chips cut by the roughing blades. Any irregularities left by the blades 60 are thus re moved leaving a smooth finished surface free from any metal particles. The chips removed by the shaving tool follow along curved surface 83 IIII.

be tilted about their pivots 99.to move the guide and are disposed of in the same way as the chips '80 The cutter body 8| is fastened by screws 8i to the end of a rotatable pulley or sleeve" 84 (Fig. 18) having grooves 85 formed in the outer surface thereof for the reception of V-belts 86 by means of which the sleeve is driven by a. suitable driving motor 81 (Fig. 2). The pulley 84 is journaled on a cylindrical extension 88 projec ing from a bracket 89 on the bed 25. Herein the pulley bearing includes a liner 90 fast within the pulley and rotatable with an apertured sleeve 9| interposed between it and cylindrical support 88. Lubricant is supplied under pressure through a conduit 92 from a suitable motor driven pump 92 (Fig. 2) and after flowing through a passage 93 (Fig, 18) in the supporting member 88, passes through branch passages 94 registering with the apertures in the sleeve 9|, thereafter flowing between the contacting surfaces of the bearing sleeves 9I and 88. Lubricating oil then returns to a suitable sump through an oil return passage 95 cored out of the bracket 89. Provision is thus,

made for lubricating the cutter bearing effectively.

' The cutter is rotated at a relatively high speed, and consequently it is desirable that some means be provided for supporting or steadying the end of the bar 20 beyond the cutter. For this purpose, a series of guide rollers 98 (Figs. 18 and 19) are positioned within the supporting member 88. As best shown in Fig. 19, three such guide rollers are provided at intervals of 120 degrees about the periphery of the bar. Each roller is journaled on a pin in the forked end of a supporting arm 91 extending longitudinally of the member 88 and pivotally fulcrumed intermediate its ends on a pin 99 supported by lugs 99. The outer ends of the arms are tapered as indicated at I00 and are positioned between the complementary tapered inner end portions of two threaded sleeves IN and I02. The sleeve IN is threaded into the central bore in the member 88 while the sleeve I02 is threaded into the sleeve By adjusting the sleeves, the arms 91 may rollers 98 toward and away from the bars 20. In this way, the rollers may be set to accommodate bars of different sizes.

Puller and unloading mechanisms ersing mechanism 25 so that the remainder of the bar may be pulled through the cutter to effect scalping of the trailing end of the bar. During a short interval of time, the pushing and pulling

mechanisms

24 and 25 cooperate in advancing the bar being scalped, movements of the two being synchronized during this interval. The puller mechanism comprises in general the clamp 33 mounted on a carriage I03 (Fig. 2) which is reciprocated along ways I04 on the bed 28 by a lead screw I05 driven by the electric motor 34 and threading into a nut on the head.

Since the puller head is driven by an independent drive motor, provision ismade for starting this motor and allowing the head to attain substantial synchronism with the pusher head before the clamp 33 becomes effective. Accordingly, the puller head motor is started in response to movement of the leading end of the bar past the cutter and movement of this head is utilized to initiate actuation of the clamp 33.

The clamp (Fig. 20) comprises a pair of cooperating jaws I06 and I01 slidable along ways I01 on the carriage I03 and oppositely threaded so as to mate with the right and left hand threaded sections of the screw I08. .When the screwshaft I08 is rotated in one direction, the jaws are moved bodily toward each other into engagement with the bar interposed therebetween. During reverse rotation, both jaws are moved simultaneously out of clamping engagement.

The screw shaft I08 is journaled in a bracket I09 secured to the forward end of the pusher head I03. The driving motor 38 for the clamp is connected to the shaft I08 by means of a belt IIO passing over a pulley III which in turn drives a worm H2 meshing with a worm wheel II3 fast on the end of the screw shaft.

In order to shut off the clamping motor automatically at the termination of the clamping oper-' ation, a switching mechanism has been provided which is arranged for actuation in response to a predetermined clamping pressure on the jaws I06, I01. Two switches L812 and LslZa are secured to the bracket I09 and arranged to be actuated by a pivoted arm H4 (Fig. 20). This arm is in turn disposedto be moved by a pin H5 (Fig. 21) slidably mounted within a bore H6 fashioned in the bracket I09 and biased into engagement with the projecting end of the worm II2 by a compression spring H1. The latter acts between a shoulder H8 on the pin I I5 and a retaining cap II9 threaded in the end of the bore H5. The adjacent end of the worm H2 is journaled in a suitable bearing I20 provided in the inner end of the pin II5 so that in effect a floating mounting is provided for the worm. It will thus be seen that when the jaws I06, I01 are firmly clamped against one of the bars 20, the worm wheel H3 is locked against further movement and continued rotation of the worm II2 will cause the worm to move axially. This compresses the spring H1 and moves the pin II5 axially outward to shift the switch actuating arm H4.

Upon further reference to Fig; 20, it will be also seen that a second pair of switches LS11 and Lslla are included in the clamping head mechanism 33. These switches are arranged to be actuated by a pivoted arm I2I which is in turn moved in response to engagement with an adjustable stop I2I upon endwise movement of the clamp I05. As is hereinafter described, the switch Lsiia is arranged to stop the unclamping operation of the motor 33 while the switch Lsll initiates the return of the puller head I03 when the unclamping operation is completed.

As the bars 20 are releasedby the clamp 33, they roll downwardly along a skid plate onto any suitable conveyor (not shown). This plate is in the present instance supported on the puller carriage I03.

Electric control devices In order that the machine maybe entirely 1 Referring to Fig. 1, a series of dogs are pro- 22 together with their cooperating relays.

and open a shunt circuit. to-enable the skid feeler switches LS5 and L814 to initiate a cycle if a bar is in correct loadingposition. Similarly, the dogs .I 22 actuate a two position switch LS1:

for changing the rate of movement of the pusher head 52 from a rapid traverse rate to a feed rate and for resetting the same while dogs I23 and I24 actuate switches LS: and LS8 respectively to start the puller drive motor 34 motor 3|.

In somewhat the same manner, the puller head I03 isprovided with a dog I25 arranged toactuate switches LS9 and 189a for stopping the puller head motor 34 .and initiating the unclamping movement for the unloading operation. Also, dog I26 on'the puller head actuates a switch LSm and to stop the pusher to inltiatea rapid return movement of the pullerhead I03 after the bar has been moved completely through the cutter 23 while dog I21 actuates a switch LS6 connected in the control circult of the puller head motor 34.

A series of manually operated switches are provided for general supervisory and safety control of the machine tool. These switches may be conveniently grouped on a panel I28 (Fig. 2) and include a normally open starting push button switch S1 (Fig. 22) for the tool head driving motor as well as an associated stop switch S2 and an emergency stop switch S3. It will be noted that the switches S2 and S; are connected in series relation, thus ingeneral performing the same function. The emergency stop switch S may, however, be located at some point onthe machine remote from the panel I28 so as to be, readily available to the operator. A-cycle starting switch S4 (Fig. 23) serves to initiate the operation of themachine in its automatic cycle after the tool driving motor has been started, and a switch S5 serves to stop the automatic cycle.

Switches Se and S: are effective respectively to condition the control circuits for an automatic return of the pusher head 52 and of the puller head I03. Finally a manually operated two-position switch S8 conditions the control circuit for stop-. page of the machine at the end of the cycle through which it is operating at the time the. switch is actuated and this switch must be mane ually reset in order for the machine to recycle. v The various driving motors and elements of the machine tool are controlled from the auto-.

matic and manually operated switches through,

a series of control relays R1 to R25. The various contacts of these relayshave been designated with the lettersRC and a subscript for the R indicating the relay number and a subscript for the, C indicating the particular set of contacts. Thus. the relay R1, for example, has two sets of contacts R1C1 and R102.

In order to simplify the illustration of the wiring connections the energizing circuits for the various driving motors have been shown in Fig. Only the contacts of these relays which are interposed directly in the motor circuits have been included in Fig. 22, however. The remaining relay congizing circuits for the relays.

Current is supplied to the various driving motors from supply lines Lilla as shown in Fig; 22.

These same supply lines also furnish current to therelay and control circuits (Fig. 23). It will be noted upon reference to Fig. 22. however, that the motor starting switch S1 must be closed before any current is supplied to the automatic cycle control circuits illustrated in Fig. 23, thus affording an eifective safety 'interlockwhich prevents the advance of a work blank into the cutter when the latter is not rotating. v

Automatic cycle of operation 21 to the skidway 2|;

, (2) Rapid approach of the pusher head 52 to engage the bar on the skidway by the ram .55 and advance the same to the straightening mechanism; f

(3) Relatively slower, feed of the pusher 55 while the forward portion of the bar 20 is being advanced through the cutter;

(4,) Initiation of the feeding movement of the puller head I03 in the direction of movement of the advancing bar and in synchronism with the pusher head;

(5) Actuation of the clamping mechanism 33 into engagement with the scalped forward end of the bar;

(6) Rapid lam. er the pusher 55 ab starting position when the leading end of the bar has been ripped by the puller;

('7) Rapid advance of the miller head after the bar has beencompletely scalped (8) Stoppage of the puller head I03; 4

(9) Unclampingof the scalped bar and discharge thereof from the machine;

(10) Rapid return of the puller head I03. From the foregoing, it will be seen that the pusher head 52 returns to starting position to initiate the advance of another bar before the puller head I03 has released the precedingbar. By this means, the. operating speed of the machine ,is increased andv the bars or work blanks are advanced through the machine in rapid succession despite their substantial lengths.

Motor circuits Upon reference to Fig. 22, it will be seen that 'the loading or transfer mechanism driving motor a 29 as well as the tool head'driving motor 81 have each been illustrated as being of the compound type, the motor 23 having an armature I29, a series field I30 and a shunt field I3I, while the motor 81 has an armature I32, a series fieldll33 and a shunt field I34. A manually adjustable rheostat I35 serves to vary the shuntfield excitation of the motor 81 and consequently its speed.

The clamping motor 33 is reversible being provided with an armature I36,.a,series field I31 and shunt field I38. Connection of this motor for being provided with an armature I39, a series field I and a shuntfield I 4| while the motor 34 is provided with an armature I42, a series field I43,

and a shunt field I44.

Rapid'traverse movement of the heads associated with the motors ,3I and 30 is effected through the medium of rapid traverse relays Ru,

and R1; respectively whichserve to vary the resistance of the circuits of the field windings I4I and I43 by shunting resistors I45 and I46 while cutting resistors I41 and I48 into circuit.

In order to obtain synchronous operation of the pusher and puller head driving motors 3I and 34, manually adjustable rheostats or resistors I49 and I56. are connected in their field circuits. These calibrating resistors may be varied in order to obtain equal speeds for the motors. In some cases, however, it is desirable to vary the speeds of the two driving motors 3| and 34 simultaneously as, for example, when different size work blanks are being machined and for this. purpose the rheostats I45 and I46 are connected in tandem, that is, actuated in the same sense by a common manually operable adjusting mechanism II (mounted on the bed 26 adjacent the panel I23 as indicated in Fig. 2) so that the speeds oi the two motors may be varied simultaneously by like amounts.

Two sets of reversing relays are associated with 1 each of the head driving motors 3I and 34. Thus,

the relays Rs-Rro and R11R12 serve to connect the motor 3I for opposite directions of rotation. Similarly, the relays'R14R15 and R1eR17 are alternatively available for connecting the motor 34 for opposite directions of rotation.

The tool driving motor 81 is started and the control circuits rendered operable for cyclic operation of the machine by momentary closure of the drive starting switch S1 thereby energizing the self sealing relay R25 (through a circuit L1S1I 52R25-I 53S3S2I 54-h) which thus closes its contacts R2501 to form a sealing circuit therefor through the conductor I55 in shunt with switch L1 as well as to complete a circuit to the remainder of the supply line S1, while closure of the other set of contacts R3502 completes a circuit for the driving motor 81 (L1-R25C2-I 56-4 51-! 32-I 33-Lc, the shunt field I34 being connected across the armature by conductors I58, I59 and rheostat I35).

The transfer mechanism driving motor 29 is energized upon actuation of its associated relay Ra. Closure of the relay contacts R801 connects the armature I29 and series field I 39 (through a circuit L1RaC1-I6IlI29-I30 L2) as well as the shunt field I3I (through a cir- Ollit L1RaC1 -I6I-l3IL2) In order to effect a clamping movement of the jaws I96--I9'I (Fig. 20) the clamping motor 33" is energized for rotation in the corresponding direction by actuation of its associated relays R2oR19 (Fig. 22). Thus, upon closure of these latter relays, the motor is energized for operation in one direction (through a circuit L1I 62l 63-- ilarly actuation of relays Rzr-Rsa connects the motor for rotation in the opposite direction to eifect an unclamping movement of the jaws (through a circuit L1I62R22C1I64-I36 R21C1-I55I3'IL2). The shunt field I38 is connected at all times across the supply lines L1L2 by a conductor I62.

The motor 3| is energized to advance the pusher head 52 by energization of the associated relays RilR12. Upon closure of these relays, the motor is energized for an advancing feed movement (through a circuit L1I66---I6'I---R11C1-I68 the other associated set of relays R9R11 energizes the motor for rotation in the opposite direction (through a circuit L1I66-I'|I-RsCi-- l69--I 39I68-R1oC1--I'I0-I 49-11:) The shunt field MI is connected in circuit between the supply lines L1L2 at all times. As was previously noted, the degree of energization of this field and consequently the speed of the motor is determined by a rapid traverse relay controlled shunt connections I12 and H3 as well as the settings of the adjustable rheostats I49 and I45.

The supply circuits for the puller head motor 34 are substantially identical with those described above with respect to motor 3L Thus, energization of the associated relays R14R15 connects the motor for rotation in a direction to move the puller head I93 away from the straightening mechanism (through a circuit L1I'I4 I'I5- while energization of a second set of relays R1s-Ri1 connects the motor 34 for rotation in the opposite direction (through a circuit rapid traverse relay Ru; and the setting of the manually adjustable rheostats I59 and I46.

' Cycle control circuits Automatic cyclic operation of the machine is initiated by momentary closure of the cycle starting switch S4. Various interlocking relays are associated in the circuit in such manner that a bar 20 must be properly positioned on the storage rack 21 preparatory to being transferred to the machine and further the pusher head 52 must be in its fully retracted position before the cycle of operation canbe initiated under the control of the switch S4. Closure of this switch S4 momentarily energizes the relay R1 (through L1I8llS4I8I-R1-L2) whose closure energizes a self-sealing relay R2 (through a circuit L1I 80-Sa-I 82--R1C2I 83-R2-L2) and a second self-sealing relay Ra (through a circuit The relay R11 is maintained closed after the momentary closure of relay R1 by its sealing contacts R201 in shunt with the contactsR1C11, and similarly the relay R3 is maintained closed by its sealing contacts R301 arranged in shunt with the contacts R101. It will be noted that the energizing circuit for the relay R3 includes the feeler actuated switches LS1 and LS2 so that this relay cannot be closed unless a bar is in position on the lower edge of the storage rack 2! ready for transfer to the machine. In the event that no bar is there to close these feeler switches, the relay R3 will remain open and the cycle starting switch S4 must be momentarily closed again after a bar has been properly positioned on the rack. The relay R3 is one ofthe two relays which must be closed in order to effect energization of the transfer motor control relay Re. The second of these supervisory control relays is R5 which is normally energized when the pusher head 52 is in its fully retracted position (through a circuit L1- I 88LS3I89R19C2I 90-Rs-L2) the inclusion of the switch LS1 in the energizing circuit of this relay serving to insure that the pusher head will be in its fully retracted position before the machine can be started. As a further safety precaution, contacts R1002 are included in the circuit of the relay R5 so that the transfer motor motor 29.

29 cannot be inadvertently started at any time when the motor 3| of he head 52 is energized by closure of its relays RaRio. With the relays Ra and Rs closed, the relay Re is energized (through I94-R1C1--I95Ra-I.e) to start the transfer Closure of the relay Rs as described above, in response to a momentary closure of the cycle starting switch S4, energizes the transfer motor 29 as heretofore described and causes one of the bars to be shifted from the storage rack 21 to the skidway 2| inthe first step of the cycle of operation. As soon as the transfer motor 29 starts, the cam 5i is moved .to closethe switch LS4 so that in general the control of the transfer motor 29 is shifted. to the relay Rswhich-is cam controlled and will be opened to stop the motor after the transfer arms 43 have rotated through an arc' of 120 degrees. Thus, closure of the switch the motor 29 has executed its cycle and 001156 quently shifted the bar to the skidway 2|, the

v the driving'motor 3| to cause the same to move switch LS4 is again opened, thereby deenergizing relay Re which in turn .deenergizes the relay'Ra to stop the motor 29.

The second step in the cycle of operation,

namely, a rapid advance of the pusher head 52, is initiated by the positioning of a bar in the skidway 2I to close the feeler actuated switches LS6 and L814. Closure of these switches LS5 and L814 energizes control relays'Ru and R12 for the pusher head driving motor 3| (through a circuit which in turn start the motor 3i. Inclusion of the interlock contacts RmCs in the circuit for the relays Ru-Rm prevents inadvertent simultaneous actuation of the two setsof relays R9R1o and Ru-Rrz. Energization of the relay R12 also energizes the rapid traverse relay R13 (through a at a rapid traverse rate. ,As the head 52 moves away from its initial position; switch LS3 is opened and LSaa closed thereby deenergizing the .relay R5 and energizing relay R4 respectively.

Cutting out R5 prevents inadvertent actuation of the transfer mechanism motor 29 until thepusher-head has again been restored to its starting position while closure of the relay R4 prepares a part of the circuit used in effecting the return movement of the pusher head. Also its contacts R402 complete a shunt about the skidway feeler switches LSs-LS14 to'permit movement of head 52 after they open while its contacts R403 retain Rs energized.

The third step in the cycle of operation, namely, advance of the head 52 at a relatively slow feed rate, is initiated'by opening of the switch LS1: which is effected by the dog I22 as the leading end of the bar approaches the cutter.

This breaks the circuit of the rapid traverse relay R1: causing it to open thereby decreasing, the speed of the motor 3| to a lower feed rate.

Initiation of the feeding movement of the puller head I 03 in the fourth step of the cycle of operation occurs as the pusher head 52 approaches the straightening mechanism. In this movement, a dog I23 on the head 52 closes the switch 181 which completes a circuit for the relays R14 and R15(through a circuit L1--RaCz- I9I 209-S12I0-LSo-2II-R=3C12I2- 1187-2 I3-2 lI-R14R15Lc) When energized these relays connect the motor 34 to move the puller head I03 to the left (as viewed in Fig. 23) in synchronism with the pusherhead 52. As soon as the pullerhead I03 starts, the switch LS6 is closed thereby energizing relay R24 (through a circuit L1221LSs226R24-L2) so that the contacts RmCa shunt out the momentarily closed switch LS1 and retain R14 and R15 energized; Energization of relay R15 also serves to initiate operation of the clamping mechanism 33. Thus, upon closure of its contacts R1502, a circuit is completed 1 for relays R19 and Rgo of the clamp driving motor 33 (through L1R2C2- I 9 I2 I 5LSi-.---2 I 6- 33 thus started moves the jaws I06-l0'l into clamping engagement with the leading end of the advancing bar. When the clamping is completed, the switch L812 is opened thereby deenergizing the relays R19 and R20 and stopping the motor. At the same time, switch 15m is closed to initiate the sixth step in the cycle of operation, namely, rapid return of the pusher head 52 to its '1' iitial position.

In the course of the clamping operation, the pusher head 52 continues its advancing movement whereupon the switch LSais opened and the switch LSaa closed by the dog I23. These switch operations serve respectively to stop the pusher head and prepare a circuit for effecting return movement of the head after the clamping operation is completed. Thus, opening of the switch LSs interrupts the energizing circuits for the relays R11 and R12 to stop the motor 3|. Closure of switch LSm upon the completion of the clamping operation combined with closure of the switch LSBa complete a circuit for effecting a rapid return movement of the pusher head 52. Thus the return relays R9 and R10 are energized when the two switches LS121 and LS1 are closed (through a circuit Q 2|9-220R4C1-22l-R0R1o-L2). It will be noted that the relay R4 was previouslyenergized (through a circuit L1I88LSat222--R4 1a) upon closure of the switch 153; as the pusher head started its advancing movement so that the contacts R401 were previously closed for the circuit just described of the return relays R9 and R10. The pusher head 52 returns at a rapid rea turn rate since the rapid traverse relay R1: is energized by closure'ofthe relay R1o (through a circuit L1223R10C4R131n). The pusher head 52 continues its return movement resetting bar is in loading position on the storage rack. In the event that no bar is present, the relay R1 will be deenergized by the opening of the feeler switches [51 and LS2 and relay R1.

After the bar carried by the clamping mechanism 33 has been machined from end to end, the speed of the puller head I03 is increased to a rapid traverse rate. This is initiated by closure of the switch LS10 actuated by a, cooperating dog I26 on the puller head which energizes the rapid traverse relay R18 (through a circuit The eighth step in the cycle of operation, namely, stopping of the puller head I03 in its limit position, is effected by opening of the switch LS9 by the dog I25.- The energizing circuit for the puller head motor relays R14 and R15 is thus interrupted so that these'relays are deenergized and the motor consequently stopped. At the same time, the cooperating switch LSQa is closed preparatory to the unclamping operation.

Unclamping of the bar occurs in the ninth step of the cycle and is controlled through the medium of relays R21 and R24. As was previously noted, the latter relay R24 is energized when the switch LS6 is closed by the dog I21 as the head I03 starts to advance, the circuit being through L122'ILSs-226--R24L2. The associated contacts R24C1 interposed in the energizing circuit of the relay R22 are thus closed. The energizing circuit for this latter relay is completed (through when the puller head reaches its fully retracted position as evidenced by closure of the switch 15011 by the dog I25. Relay R23 together with the switch LS1111 previously closed during the clamping operation complete an energizing circuit for relays R21 and R22 of the clamp actuating motor 33'- to cause it to move the clamping jaws to unclamped position. Thus, the relays R21 and, R22 are energized upon closure of relay R22 (through a circuit Since the relay R23 remains energized during this unclamping operation and subsequent return of the head I03, its associated contacts R21C1 are retained opened so that there is no danger of inadvertent reclosure of the motor control relays R11 and R15 even when the switch LS9 recloses on the return of the head.

Completion of the unclamping operation closes the switch LS11 to start the return movement of the puller head I03 to its original position. The switch LSila is opened to thereby deenergize the relays R21 and R22 and stop the clamping motor while the simultaneous closure of the switch LS11 completes a circuit for the puller head return relays R16 and R11 (through Energization of the relay R11 also closes its contacts R1102 to thereby energize the associated rapid traverse relay R111 (through a circuit L1-- 22'|-R11C2-226R1a-L2). As the puller head I03 starts its return movement, the switch LS is again closed and the switch L892 opened. This does not deenergize the relay R22 since it is retained closed by its sealing contacts R2301. Upon the return of the puller head to its initial position, however, the switch LS6 is opened thereby interrupting the energizing circuit of the relay advance of the bar.

R24 which in turn deenergizes the relay R2: there by stopping the puller head driving motor by deenergizing its return relays R1 and R11. The switch LS10 is reset during the return movement of the puller head so that on the final opening of the switch LS6 the circuits are all returned to their initial or starting condition preparatory to a repetition of the cycle.

The machine may be stopped at any time in the course of its automatic cycle of operation by opening a, stop switch S to thereby deenergize the master control switch or relay R2. It will be noted from the circuits previously described that contacts R202 of the master. relay R2 are interposed directly in the energizing circuits of the transfer motor relay Ra, pusher head motor relays R11 and R12, puller head motor relays R11 and R15, rapid traverse relays R13 and R12, and clamp actuating motor relays R10 and R so that as a result, the opening of the master relay R2 will cause a complete stoppage of all of the associated driving motors, namely, the transfer motor 29, the clamp mechanism motor 33 the pusher head motor 3 I, and the puller head motor 34 during the On the other hand, the return relays R9 and R10 for the pusher head motor, the rapid traverse relay R13, when the pusher head is returning, the pulley head relays R16 and R11, the traverse relay R12, the unclamping relays R21 and R -2 and their associated control relays R22 and R24 are all connected directly to L1. Thus, the return movements of all the movable elements may be completed as long as the drive motor 81 is running.

After the machine. has been stopped at any desired point during the advance of the bar, the pusher head 52 may be returned to its initial position by actuating the return switch S0. This switch serves to complete an energizing circuit for the pusher head return relays R9 and R10 independently of the master relay R2 (through a circuit L123'IS6-238-220R4C1-22 IR9- R10--L2) It will thus be seen that upon actuation of the return switch S6, the motor 3| is energized to return the push'er head 52 to its initial position at a rapid traverse rate, the rapid traverse rate relay R13 being closed by the relay R10 as previously described. Similarly, actuation of the return switch S1 serves to eliect a rapid return movement of the puller head I03 to its initial position. Actuation of the switch S1 from its normal position shown in Fig. 23 energizes the relay R23 (through a circuit L1229239S1-: 240-23I-R21C1-R23-L2) Energization of this relay completes the circuit to the relays R16 and R11 as previously described. It will be noted that the switch S6 is provided with a pair of normally closed contacts interposed inthe energizing circuits for the relays R11 and R12 while the switch S1 is provided with a similar pair of contacts interposed in the energizing circuits for the relays R14 and R15. Consequently, inadvertent actuation of these latter sets of relays is prevented during the time that the switches S0 and S1 are used to effect a return movement of the associated heads.

In the event that it is desired to stop the machine at the end of any particular cycle through which it happens to be operating, the switch S8 is opened. From Fig. 23, it will be seen thatthis switch is interposed in series relation with the feeler controlledswitches LS1andLS2 and serves to stop the machine in much the same manner as do these feeler switches in the event that either one of them is opened due to the lack of a rough bar on the storage rack 21. Thus, when the pusher head 52 returns to its initial position preparatory to beginning a new cycle of operation, if the switch S8 is open, the relay R: will drop out as soon as the relay R4 is deenergized and 0011-, sequently, the transfer motor 29 will not be started, or in other words, the next cycle will not be initiated.

As was previously noted, the machine may also be stopped at will by opening either or the switches S2 or S3 (Fi 22) which serve to dee ergize the main control switch or relay R25. Opening of the relay contacts R2501 not only open-circuits all of the driving

motors

29, 3|, '3 and 34, but also deenergizes all of the control relays R1 to R24 inclusive so that the machine is instantly rendered inoperative.

I claim as my invention:

1. A machine tool for scalping round barshaped blanks comprising, in combination, means supporting the bar for endwise movement, means including a plurality of abutments disposed at abutments, the pressure exerted on the bar by said abutments serving to hold the' bar against rotation, and a second bar advancing means for pulling said bar after a portion thereof has been scalped, said second bar advancing means including a clamping mechanism engageable with the scalped leading end portion of the bar.

2. A machine tool for scalping. a cylindrical bar comprising, in combination, means supporting the bar for endwise movement, means including a plurality of abutments disposed at spaced points axially of the path oi. the bar in its endwisemovement for flexing the same laterally in a plurality oi. directions and progressively from end to end whereby to straighten the bar, a means for pushing the bar past said abutments in operative engagement therewith, and means including a power rotated scalpingtool for removing a layer of metal from the advancing bar as it leaves said abutments, the pressure exerted on the bar by said abutments serving to hold the bar against rotation.

3. In a machine for scalping elongated cylindrical bars, the combination of a metal-removing tool for scalping the surface of a bar advanced past the same, a power actuated work advancing mechanism located on one side of said tool for pushing the elongated bar endwise into operative relation with said tool, a second power actuated work advancing mechanism located on the opposite side of said tool and engageable with .the machined portion of the blank leaving said tool for pulling the remainder of the blank past said tool whereby the blank may be effectively scalped through its entire length during a single endwise anism located on one side of said tool for advancing the elongated work blank endwise into operative engagement with said tool, a second independently actuated work advancing mechanism located on the opposite side of said tool and engageable with the machined portion of the blank leaving said tool for pulling the remainder of the blank past said tool whereby the blank may be eifectively scalped through its entire length during a single endwise movement thereof past said tool, and control means for maintainst and second work advancing mech- 1 ins said anisms in substantial synchronism while they are both in operative relation with a common work blank.

5. In a machine for scalping elongated work blanks, the combination oi! a metal removing tool for scalping the surface 01' a work blank, a power actuated work advancing mechanism located on one side oi. said tool for pushing the work blank endwise into operative engagement with the tool, a second power actuated work advancing mechanism located on the opposite side of said tool and engageable with the machined portion or the blank for pulling the remainder of the blank past said tool whereby the blank may be effectively scalped through its entire length during a. single pass along the tool, and means rendered operative in response to engagement of the blank by said second work advancing mechanism to return said first work advancing mechanism to its initial position for'engagement with another work blank.

6. In a machine for scalping elongated work blanks, the combination of a metal removing tool, a power actuated mechanism located on one side of said tool for advancing the elongated work blank endwise into operative relation with said tool, a second power actuated work advancing mechanism located on the opposite side of said tool and operable to clamp'the machined end portion of the blank and pull the remainder of the blank past said tool whereby the blank may be effectively scalpedthrough its entire length during a single pass along said tool, first control means for initiating movement or said second work advancing mechanism in response to the advance or the work blank to a predetermined position, a second control means for causing a return movement of said first work advancing mechanism to its initial position, and means for maintaining said work advancing mechanisms in substantial synchronsm during the interval between the actuations of said first and second control' means. i

7. In a machine for scalping'cylindrical bars, the combination of an elongated horizontal bed, a tool support mounted on an intermediate portion of said bed for rotation about a horizontal axis extending longitudinally of thebed, power actuated means for rotating said tool support. means including, a scalping tool carried by said support for removing'a helical surface layer of metal from a bar advanced longitudinally past said tool, means for supporting a bar for endwise movement alongsaid bed past said tool, means including a ram movable'along said bed to advance the bar along said supporting means bypushing contact with'only the butt end surface of the work piece, a clamping device engageable with the scalped portion of the bar, and power actuated means for traversing said clamping device along said bed away from said tool to complete the advance of the bar.

8. In a machine for scalping cylindrical bars, r

the combination of an elongated horizontal bed, a hollow drum mounted on an intermediate portion of said bed for rotation about a horizontal axis extending longitudinally of the bed, power actuated means for rotating said drum, means including a scalping tool carried by said drum and projecting into the interior thereof for removing a helical surface layer of metal from a bar advanced longitudinally through said drum, means for supporting a bar for' endwise movement along said bed through said drum, means including a ram movable along said bed for pushing the bar along said supporting means to advance the leading portion thereof through said drum, a clamping device engageable with the scalped leading end of the bar, power actuated means for traversing said clamping device along said bed away iromsaid drum to complete the advance of the bar past said scalping tool, means for synchronizing the movements of said ram and said clamping mechanism while in engagement with a common work piece, and means operating as an incident to completion of the clamping operation of said device for retracting said ram. 7

9. In a machine tool organization, the combination of a metal removing tool, means for pushing a work piece endwise toward and into engagement with said tool, and automatically operating mechanism for gripping the leading portion of the work piece beyond said tool and pulling the trailing portion thereof past the tool.

10. A machine tool having, in combination, a metal removing tool for scalping the surface of a work piece, a work advancing mechanism located on one side of said tool for moving the work piece into operative engagement with said tool and advancing a portion of the work piece past said tool at a relatively slow feed rate, a clamping mechanism located on the opposite side of said tool and disposed for engagement with the scalped portion of the work piece, power actuated means for moving said clamping mechanism toward and away from said tool, means responsive to movement of the leading end of the work piece into a predetermined position in its path of advance forinitiating operation of said clamping mechanism and movement thereof away from said tool at said relatively slow feed rate in synchronism with said work advancing mechanism, and means responsive to the movement of the work piece out of engagement with respect to said tool for stopping said clamping mechanism, disengaging the same from the work piece and initiating operation of said power actuatedmeans to return said clamping mechanism to its initial position at a relatively fast rapid return rate.

11. In a machine tool of the character set forth, the combination of a metal removing tool for scalping the surface of a work blank advanced past the same, a work advancing mechanism located on one side of said tool for pushing an elongated work blank endwise into operative relation with said tool, a traversable clamping mechanism located on the opposite side of said tool and engageable with the machined portion of the blank leaving said tool for pulling the remainder of the blank past said tool, first power actuated means for traversing said work advancing mechanism toward said tool at a relatively slow feed rate, a second power actuated means for,

traversing said clamping mechanism toward and away from said tool, means responsive to movement of the blank past said tool to initiate operation of said second power actuated means to move said clamping mechanism away from said tool in substantial synchronism with said work advancing mechanism at a relatively slow feed rate, means responsive to the initial movement of said clamping mechanism at saidfeed rate for actuating the same to clamp the machined end of the work blank, and means responsive to efiective clamping of said blank for initiating return of said work advancing mechanism to its initial position.

12. In a machine tool of the character described, the combination of a metal removing tool for scalping awork blank advanced past the same, a work advancing mechanism located on one side of said tool for moving a work blank into operative engagement with said tool and advancing a portion of the blank past said tool at a relatively slow feed rate, a clamping mechanism located on the opposite side of said tool and disposed for engagement with the scalped portion of the blank leaving the tool, power actuated means for moving said clamping mechanism toward and away from said tool, and means responsive to engagement of the blank by said clamping mechanism for interrupting the advance of said work advancing mechanism and for returning the same toitsinitial position.

13. A machine tool having, in combination, a surfacing tool, a power actuated pusher for feeding an elongated work piece toward and partially past said tool, a power actuated clamp on the side of said tool opposite said pusher, power actuated mechanism operable in response to movement of the leading end portion of the work piece past said tool to initiate advance of said clamp away from the tool at a speed substantially equal to that of said pusher, means responsive to the advance of said. clamp to initiate operation of the clamp to grip said leading end portion, means operable as an incident to clamping of the work piece to cause rapid return of said pusher, means responsive to movement of the trailing end portion of said work piece past said tool to release said clamp, and means operable upon complete unclamping of the work piece to rapid return the clamp for engagement with a succeeding work piece.

14. A machine tool, having, in combination,

a surfacing tool, a power actuated pusher for feeding an elongated work piece toward and partially past said tool, a power actuated clamp on the opposite side of said tool, a separate power actuated mechanism for moving said clamp, means operable in response to movement of the leading end portion of the work piece past said tool to initiate grippingof the work by the clamp and advance of said clamp away from the tool at a speed substantially equal to that of said pusher, means operable as an incident to clamping of the work piece to initiate rapid return of said pusher, and means responsive to movement of the trailing end portion of said work piece past said tool to release said clamp and initiate rapid return thereof.

15. A machine tool having, in combination, a surfacing tool, power actuated means for feeding an elongated work piece toward and past said tool, a power actuated clamping mechanism, power actuated mechanism for moving the clamp longitudinally of the work path, means operable in response to movement of at least a portion of the work piece past said tool to initiate operation of said mechanisms to clamp the work piece and advance the clamp awav from the tool,

means operable as an incident to clamping of the workpiece to interrupt the operation of said feeding means, means responsive to movement of the work piece past said tool to a predetermined unloading position to release said clampingmechanism and return the same for engagement with v 17. In a machine tool organization, the'comj i bination of a pair of opposed clamping jaws adapted to receive a work piece therebetween, power actuated means for effecting relative clamping movement between the jaws to grip a' workpiece, means including a worm and worm wheel forming a driving connection between said power actuated means and at least one of said jaws, means yieldably supporting said worm for endwise movement, and means responsive to a bodily endwise displacement of said form for rendering said power actuated means inoperative to increase the clamping pressure on said jaws.

18. A machine tool having, in combination, a rack adapted to support a plurality of elongated work pieces side by side, means for operating upon a work piece moved into engagement therewith, mechanism for advancing successive work pieces to said operating means-including a pusher engageable with one end of a work piece disposed in alinement therewith, a skid'adapted to position a work piece discharged thereon in alinement with said pusher, and a transfer mechanism for shifting work pieces successively from said rack to said skid.

19. A machine tool having, in combination, a rack adapted to support a plurality of elongated work pieces side by side, means for operating upon a work piece moved into engagement therewith, mechanism for advancing successive work pieces to said operating means including a pusher engageable withone end of a work piece disposed in alinement therewith, a skid adapted to position awork piece discharged thereon in alinement with said pusher, a transfer mechanism for shifting work pieces successively from said rack to said'skid, and means responsive to the return of said pusher to its initial position for initiating the next actuation of said transfer mechanisms 20. A machine tool having, in combination, .a-

rack adapted to support a plurality of elongated work pieces side by side, means for operating upon a work piece moved into engagement therewith, mechanism for advancing successive work pieces to said operating means, a slideway adapted to position a work piece discharged. thereon in alinement with said mechanism, and power operated mechanism for elevating the work pieces one by one from said rack and discharging the same onto said slideway.

21. A machine tool having, in combination. a rack adapted to support a plurality of elongated workpieces side by side, means for operating upon a work piece moved into engagement there-- with, mechanism for advancing successive work pieces to said operating means including a pusher engageable with one end of a work piece disposed in alinement therewith, a support adapted to of spaced feelers actuatable by the work piece position a work piece discharged thereon in alinement with said pusher, a'power actuated transfer mechanism for shifting work piecesone by one from said rack'to said'support, and means controlled jointly by the return ofsaid-pusher to starting position and the presence of a-work piece in loading position in said rack to initiate operation of said transfer mechanism.

22. A machine tool having, in combination,

a"rack adapted to support a plurality of elonl0 gated workpieces side by side, means for operating upon a work piece moved into engagement therewith, mechanism for advancing successive bars to said operating means including a power actuated pusher engageable with one end of a work piece disposed in alinement therewith, a support adapted to position a workpiece dis-' charged thereon in alinement with said pusher, a power driven rotatable carrier operable in a partial revolution to elevate a work piece off from said rack and deliver the same to said support, means for. detecting proper positioning of a work piece on said rack for initiating operation of said carrier, and means controlled by the presence of a work piece in proper position on said support to initiate advance of said pusher.

23. A machine tool having, in. combination,

means for operating upon an elongated work piece during endwise movement thereof, a pusher engageable with one end of the work piece for 30 advancing the same to said operating means, a skid tending to position a work piece discharged thereon in alinement with said pusher, a plurality of feelers engageable with a work piece at spaced points along said skid and operable to detect correct positioning of a work piece thereon, and power actuated mechanism controlled by the joint-action of said feelers for initiating the advance of said pusher.

24. In a machine tool, the combination of a tool support, a work support adapted to receive an elongatedwork piece, power actuated means for feeding the work piece along the work support to the tool on the tool support, a plurality when positioned correctly on said work support, and means responsive only to an actuation of all of said feelers for rendering said power 'actuated means operative.

25. In a scalping machine, the combination of a rotatably mounted hollow cutter body, means supporting a barwork piece for endwise movement through said body, a metal removing tool carried by said body for scalping metal from the surface of a bar passed through the body, power actuated means for rotating said body about its longitudinal axis. and means providing an opening in said body extending in a generally radial direction from the interior thereof. and forming a passage through which metal chips cut from the surface of the bar are discharged by centrifugal action.

rality of annularly spaced tools on said bod;

projecting into said opening and'having cutting edges adapted to remove helicaimetal ribbonsfrom the work piece 'fed through the body,'said (0 blades having concave faces shaped to induce a flow of the chips outwardly from the work piece and also longitudinally of the latter in a direction reverse to the movement thereof.

27. In a scalping machine, the combination of 5