US2200475A - Production of carbon disulphide - Google Patents

Description

` E; LEGELER PRODUCTION 0F CARBON DISULPHIDE Filed oct. 16,y 193'1`r Patented May 14, 1940 4ulw'rsu s'rATss 'PRODUCTION 0F CARBON DISULPHIDE Eberhard 'Legelen luremnitz, Westhavelland, Germany, assignor to I. G. Farbenindustrie Aktienl gesellschaft.

Frankfort-on-the-Main, Germany Application October 16, 1937, Serial No. 169,402

In Germany October 19, 1936 1 claim. (ci. ca -20s) This invention relates to a process of and apparatus for the production of carbon disulphide. Among the processes at present employed for the production of carbon disulphide from sulphur and charcoal, those in which the sulphur is not brought into reaction with the highly heated charcoal, until the former has been vaporized and superheated, are distinguished by the highest output per unit of utilizable retort capacity. A process of this kind is known in which the retort is provided with at least one attachment, which extends over the entire length of the retort and is bounded by the reaction chamber, and into which the sulphur is charged from above and is vaporized and superheated during its descent before passing from the lower end into the charge of wood charcoal in the reaction chamber. vSaid attachment is tted with a ceramic substance which serves yto increase its superilcial area, and may also be in the form of pans with relatively oiset bottom openings. If a pure commercial sulphur be employed for the process, the furnace can be run continuously for a very long period before the fittings of the attachment will need cleaning.

This condition is however, substantially altered when grades of sulphur are employed which, by reason of their origin, contain appreciable quantities of such inorganic and organic impurities as are not volatile at the vaporizing temperature of the sulphur. In such cases the necessity for stopping work for cleaning purposes, will become more frequent, approximately in proportion to the degree of contamination, if the clogging of the vaporizing chamber is to be avoided.

In view of this,.theproblem arises of devising a process which is not attended with such stoppages of work, but on the contrary, enables the plant to be operated; as continuously as possible, with any grade of sulphur.

It has been ascertained that the continuity of working'may be maintained if care be taken to arrange that in the case of, the process with.

sulphur pari passu with the movement of thev charcoal in the reaction chamber. Thus, the impurities carried onward by the sulphur pass with the residual ash of the charcoal into the -rial is removed by way o f opening 25 at suitable slag chamber at the foot of the reaction cham- Y' ber, from which they are cleared or ejected at intervals. f i

'I'he herein described process may be carried out in an apparatus similar to that shown by way of example in the accompanying drawing wherein:

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view and y Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional plan view of the apparatus shown in'Fig. 1 of line 2-2.

The apparatus comprises a reaction chamber Ill at either side of which vaporizing chambers II and I2 are located. Said chambers are placed in the path of hot gases entering the apparatus comprising walls I3r and cover It through opening I5 and leaving by way of opening I6. Liquid sulphur is fed into the vaporizing chambers II and I2 from containers Il and I8 by way of pipes I9 and 20 respectively. Coke and/or charcoal is intermittently fed into the vaporizing chambers Il and I2 by way of openings 2| and 22 respectively. As the liquid sulphur and the coke or lcharcoal pass down vaporzing chambers II and I2, the sulphur becomes vaporized and the nonvaporizable constituents of the sulphur are de'- posited upon the downward moving charcoal. The vaporizedsulphur then passes out of vaporizing. chambers, II and I2 and enters reaction chamber I0 toreact with other downwardly'moving ,coke or charcoal in said reaction chamber to form carbon disulphide which is removed by way of opening 23 at top of reaction chamber I0. The coke and /or charcoal in the lower portion of vaporizing chambers l I and I2 are, by reason of the higher temperature and their contact with the vaporized sulphur, gradually used up to form car- -bon disulphide vwith the sulphur. 'I'he entire mass of coke and/or charcoal, therefore,grad ually moves in a downward direction as the lower portions are used up so that eventually the solid material at the bottom 24 of the chambers consists mostly of the ash of the coke and/or charcoal and the non-vaporizable materials deposited by the vaporized sulphur. This solid mateintervals. r It is, however, not intended to limit the carrying out of applicants process to only the vapparatus shown in the drawing. The process may be carried out in any furnace which is operated 5o on the principle that both the coke and/or charcoal of the reaction chamber and that serving to carry away the impurities in the vaporizing chamber or chambers .travel downwards pari passu while being consumed, the sulphur in a, I5

,the two highly curved spaces situated near the foci of the ellipse, by means of built-in partitions extending nearly to the bottom.

The process may alsofor example be carried out in an apparatus of the Akind described in U. S. specification No. 1,793,181 by replacing the ceramic fillers of the retort attachment by coke and/or wood charcoal. The consumption of the carbon is smaller in this attachment-than in the reaction chamber, and it is easy to ascertain by experiments as to the requisite adjustment of temperature, what amounts of charcoal must be introduced per unit period, for each kind of sui- "phur used, in accordance with the amount and kind of impurities in the sulphunin order to ensure continuity of working during a sufficient period of time.

The retort and vaporizing chambers can be heated in known manner by gas, or internal (or external) electric heating systems.

What I claim is;

In a.V process of making carbon disulphide, maintaining a number of separate masses consisting of a substance of the class comprising` coke and charcoal in' separate zones, introducing sulphur in non-vapor form into one of said zones and conducting it through the charcoal or coke therein to vaporize and superheat the su1- phur, conducting the sulphur vapor to another of said zones to react therein to form carbon disulphide, replenishing the said substance in the first of said zones independently of said second zone and removing the ash and slag containing impurities present in said sulphur from l below the first said zone.

EBERHAaD LEGELER.

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