US2199216A - Vaporizer - Google Patents

Description

April 30, 1940.

P. GINQRI CONTI VAPORI ZER Filed Nov. 29, 1938 ,2 Sheets-Sheet 1 April 30, 1940. P. emom CONT! vAPdRIzER Filed Nov. 29, 1938 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 60/1/91 C V77 INYE/Vn 5 number. I

semi-circular shape, so asto form, when jux- Patented Apr. 30, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT "OFFICE/ Application'November 29, 1938, Serial No. 242,960 In Italy December 22, 1937 2Claims. (c1. 257-230) The invention relates to Vaporizers, and more particularly to apparatus by means of which pure steam or vapors (herein termed secondary vapor) may be derived from water from one 5 source by the application thereto of calories or heat units derived from other vapor (herein termed primary vapor). Such primary vapor ordinarily is contaminated by the presence of foreign substances preventing the use thereof in 10 engines or other apparatus in which the condensate of such vapors is to be used. The chemical or physical actions of such foreign substances are so deleterious to apparatus in which they are used that such impurities are to be avoided. As for instance, in the case of the mineralized vapor of the boraciferous Soflioni (or gushers) of the Tuscan maremma, which are used for the operation of geothermic electric light stations; any such vapors, apart from the chemical actions, the carbonic anhydride and the other gases present in said vapor, are objectionable, owing to the deleterious action of such vapors upon the feed pumps of the condensers. The action of such vapors would require a feed :5 pump of cumbersome dimensionaand, furthermore, require an inordinate proportion of the motive power produced by the turbines for their operation.

The invention, in the main, consists in a cylin- -80 drical, vertical boiler shellor body, filled to a considerable extent of its height, with water to be evaporated, to produce secondary vapors. The upper portion forms a chamber forthe secondary vapor produced by the calories or'heat units transferred thereto from the primary vapor.

tubes are connected to lower. headers within which the condensation products are discharged. The primary vapor headers are two in number, located above, while those receiving the condensate are located below, and are also two in Said headers are all of semi-torus or taposed, two annular assemblies; one adjacent the top and'the other adjacent the bottom or said shell. Two semi-cylindrical plates, curvingv over the medial radius of the headers, unite each of the upper headers to the lower one corresponding thereto. The boiler-tubes, bent in, a zigzag course in planes extending radially of the boiler, form two sets or nests of looped tubes '55 which, in the aggregate are semi-circular shape,

as to each ofthe two header assemblies. These sets or nests bear'upon the above-described plate,

,which connects, vertically, the upper and lower other, is located,with its convex portion, within 119 the, annular space formed between same and a concentric cylinder suitably disposed at the central-part of theboiler. This arrangement en-.

sures a perfectv circulation of the water about'the large area of condensing surface afforded by the I radially disposed looped tubes.

With this arrangement, two identical evaporating assemblies are provided, each composed of an upper semi-torus-shaped or semi-circular header, a lower header, and of two independently 20 movable sets or nests of radially extending looped gether and may, therefore, be readily removed from the. cylindricalboilershell whenever it is es required to be inspected or repaired.

The primary vapor is delivered through con duits to the upper header and .from the latter to the looped tubes. Other conduits provide forthe discharge of the water of condensation occurring "30 in the said looped tubes, and of the gases confollowing the description and the annexed drawin-gs, which show a practical example of the said (-40 invention. I

In these drawings Fig. 1 shows the boiler in an external view; Fig.2 shows same in a plan view;

Fig. 3 is a vertical section on line IIIIII of 45,

Fig. 2, and

Fig. 4 is a horizontal section on line IV--IV of Fig. 3.

According to the example shown in the drawings, the boiler is composed of a verticalcylin- .50 drical boiler shell (1 whose upper'part formsa secondary vapor chamber or dome b; from thence leads a conduit c for the' withdrawal of the secondary vapor.

. Withinthe boiler a and positioned centrally thereof below the dome b part, is a sheet-metal cylinder at suported by two metal bars ee, inserted, in turn, into special sheaths or sockets f-f affixed to the inner wall of the shell of the boiler a, the other ends of said bars being riveted, soldered, welded, or otherwise secured to the central cylinder 01. Above the said cylinder :2 there are two semi-torus-shaped or semi-circular headers g--g whose ends g g but against the ends of the other semi-circular header. Below the headers-and fixed thereto-are two sheet-metal semi-cylinders hh which follow the curve of the headers to which they are secured.

These semi-cylinders h, in turn, are secured at their lower edges to the upper portion of two other semi-torus-shaped or semi-circular headers z'-z' the ends i --i of which are inabutting position, like the upper ones g.

As in the case of the upper part, the sheetmetal semi-cylinders h follow, at their lower part the curve of the headers i and terminate near the ends 2' of the latter. l

The curved sheet metal plates h divide the space within the boiler shell between the central column dand the shell proper, into two independent chambers for circulating water, which are connected with the space above the upper headers and the dome, and between the lower headers and the bottom end plate of the boiler. In this manner, the water admitted to the boiler shell is brought into intimate relation with the various loops m-m', the radical arrangement of which presents, in the aggregate, a very large area of heat conducting surfaces for transferring the heat of. the steam flowing through said loops to the water to be evaporated.

Steam is fed the two upper headers 9/ through the conduits 7c-k which pass through the shell of the boiler a and are connected to the primary vapor admission conduit.

The two lower headers in turn, each have an outlet pipe 1-2 for the discharge of the condensate.

A plurality of looped tubes m-m', the loops of which extend radially of the boiler shell, have their upper ends connected with a header section g and their lower ends connected with a header section 2'. One of the said looped tubes being positioned within the chamber between the cylinder 6. and one or the other cylindrical plate h, with one end of each loop in contact with said plate, and the other being positioned within the chamber between said plates h and the shell of the boiler, and one end of each loop in engagement with the other side of said plate. These looped tubes m-m terminate at the two lower headers i to which they are also secured by means of flanges. This set of looped tubes'as will be clearly apparent from Fig. 4-are thus disposed radially, side by side, so as to so completely fill the two aforesaid chambers, as to provide in each chamber very large heat radiating surfaces while still permitting an upward flow of the water being evaporated and the vapors therefrom.

The man-hole is indicated by 0.

The water to be evaporated is admitted through the inlet openings n and the primary vapor is delivered to the upper headers g through the feed pipes 76, while the condensation water is discharged into the lower headers 2' and through the outlet pipes l-Z. The pure vapor, produced by the boiler, is delivered through the outlet pipe c.

In the operation of the device, primary steam or vapor is admitted to the upper semi-circular headers g, and flows downwardly therefrom through the large number of radially extending looped tubes mm to the lower semi-circular headers 2'. Water to be evaporated is delivered into the boiler shell a through the inlets n. This water flows upwardly through the two chambers formed by the shell a, the semi-cylindrical plates h and the central cylinder (1. The portion of this Water passing through said chambers is in sur face contact with the various radially extending looped tubes mm', and is evaporated by the steam flowing through said tubes.

The transfer of heat from the primary vapor or steam to such water rapidly evaporates the water and condenses the primary steam. The water within the cylinder 11 is not vaporized, but the steam pressure in the dome b will be sufficiently great to prevent any flow of water through this cylinder into said dome. If any water should overflow the cylinder, it will descend through the chamber between the cylinder (1 and a semi-cylindrical plate h, where it will be subjected to the action of the steam flowing through thetubes m.

The condensate from the tubes mm is discharged through the outlet pipes l-l.

The purification of the water by vaporization will tend to cover the looped tubes mm, as well as the headers i, with a precipitant, and when the efiiciency of the apparatus is impaired by such deposit, the upper portionof the boiler may be removed and each semi-cylindrical unit or set of looped tubes may be removed from the shell a and thisdeposit removed.

The essential characteristic of the invention is the radially extending looped tubes formed in removable units or sets, so as to secure the maximum of transfer of heat of the primary vapor to the feed water for producing the secondary vapor. By arranging these tubes with the loops arranged radially of the axis of the boiler, the maximum radiating surface is secured, and yet each tube is readily accessible for cleaning purposes.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:

l. A vaporizer embodying therein a boiler shell, a top dome therefor, a sheet metal cylinder co-axial with said shell, said cylinder being open at the top and bottom, a plurality of semicircular upper headers, means delivering steam to each of said semi-circular headers, a plurality of lower semi-circular headers below said cylinder, the closed ends of each said semi-circular headers being closely adjacent the ends of the co-operating semi-circular headers, and each of said headers being concentric with said cylinder and said shell, semi-cylindrical plates having their upper and lower edges connected with said semi-circular upper and lower headers respectively to join said upper and lower headers into a substantially single rigid unit, and dividing the space between said cylinder and said shell into two parallel chambers, a nest of looped tubes positioned in each of said chambers extending between each semi-circular upper header and each semi-circular lower header and connected therewith respectively with the looped portions thereof extending radially of the shell and contacting said semi-cylindrical plate, a discharge pipe leading from each semi-circular section of said lower header, an inlet pipe delivering water to the bottom of said boiler-shell, and an outlet pipe whereby vapors are withdrawn from said dome.

er semis-circular headers below said cylinder,the

closed ends of each of said semi-circular headers being closely adjacent the ends of the co-operat-- ing semi-circular headers, and eachof said headers being concentric with said cylinder and said shell, semi-cylindrical plates having their upper and lower edges connected with said semicircular upper and lower headers respectively to join said upper and lower headers into a substantially single rigid unit, and dividing the space between said cylinder and said shell into two parallel chambers, a nest of looped tubes positioned in each of said chambers extending between each semi-circular .upper header and each semi-circular lower header and connected therewith respectively with the looped portions thereof extending radially of the shell and contacting said semi-cylindrical plates, with the end ofeach loop in contact with its adjacent semi-1 cylindrical plate and the end of the contiguous loop spaced from said cylinder and from said circular section of said lower header, an inlet pipe delivering water to the bottom of said boiler shell,

shell, a discharge pipe leading from each semiv and an outlet pipe whereby vapors are withdrawn from said dome. r

PIERO GINORI CONTI.

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