US2192549A - Machine for reducing material - Google Patents

Description

March 5, 19.40. HADSEL 2,192,549

\ MACHINE FOR REDUCING MA rBRIAL Original Filed May 6. 1956' INVENTOR.

A L VA k0/: DSEL TO CYCL ONE Patented Niar. 5, 1940 s UNITED STATES PATENT} Q 7 Application May 6, 1936, serial No. 78,122

Renewed July'25, 1939 3 Claims. (01. 83-9) The present invention relates to improvements While I haveshown only the preferred T form in a method of and machine for reducing maof my invention I wish to have it understood that terial and more particularly relates to the art various changes or modifications may be made of reducing ore or other substances. f within the, scope of theclaims hereto attached It is proposed in the present'inv'entiontorewithout departing from the spirit of the inven- 6 duce the material by alternately striking a body tion. z v a f of the material from. opposite ends with suflicient In its preferred form invention comprises speed and momentum to cause the body to rea vehicle or container [supported like a pendumain in a state of suspension and to reciprocate lum in the frame 2 and reciprocated byany suitfor head-on collision with the reciprocating strikable means as-by the power shaft Sand a conl ingmedium.' u .nectinglinkd. v

Reduction of the material is due not only to the The vehicle is preferably made substantially impact at the end of. each reciprocation but also sector shaped, with two sectorshaped side walls to grinding action within the body' on account 5 and a Shell 6 connecting the ed of the Side of the rapid changes in. the density and comwalls. This construction gives substantially a if? pactness of the material brought about by the semi-cylindrical bottom to the vehicle and an. opposing impacts. I V upperportion comprising straight end walls'con- While reciprocating motion of any character verging toward the top which latteris suspended,

may be resorted to for the purposes of my invenwith freedom, of swinging motion, from the tion, such as rectilinear motion, either in horshaft 1. A v l. g Y we izontal or in vertical, or angular direction, or Interiorly the lower cylindrical portion of the' reciprocating motion along an arc, as in a penvehicle is reinforced by a-series of rails 8 lining dulum, I prefer, for the purposes of the present the shell in spaced relation tov one 'another and disclosure, to use the latterand the present defastened to the shell bymeans of bars-9 bearing scription will be confined to the pendulum moon the base plates .of the rails and boltssto the tion although I do not wish to limit myself shell as at I0. a. thereby. The sidewalls 5 of. the vehicle are formed More particularly I proposeto provide in the with openings II in the lower cylindrical porpresent invention a vehicle for containing a body tion of the. vehicle and covering theseopenings I of material which is supported as a pendulum provide grid liners l2 and screen s l3. Theopenand which is reciprocated at a speed suflicient ings are used for washing out the tines, in which to bring about relativemotion between vthe vecase the screens serve as a sizing medium. when hicle and the charge contained therein so that suction is us d or re a o t e fi est d the end walls ofthe vehicle during each return scribed-in the next paragraph,these openings are stroke strike the material moving in the opposite closed and the draft passes from the .Qho'pper direction. V 7 opening through and below the material; to the It is further proposed to shape the striking suction opening. I I walls of the vehicle in :sucha mannerthat they Above oneof the openingsl provide a feed exert a lifting effect on the body of material at hopper J4 and above the other opening a suc- 40 each impact for aiding in holding'th'e material in tion funnel l5 which is carried .to the heightof 40 free suspension. the shaft land is connected, by meansof a flea- It is further proposed to provide means in conible medium, such as a rubber sleeve 1 6, toagstanection with my machine for continuously retionary pipe l'lleading to a cyclone or otherexmoving from the vehicle material which has hausting device, not shown in the drawing.

5 been reduced to a proper'size, either by washing The supporting frame may be of any suitable it through screens or by suction and to conconstruction and is here shown as being made of tinuously feed new material into the vehicle. channel irons. with two longitudinal channels Further objects and advantages of my invenl8 and two transverse members l9 forming the tion will appear as the specification proceeds. base, two Co ve n Pa of P 20 rising The preferred form of my invention is 1111 therefrom and four horizontal members 2| con- 50 trated in the-accompanying drawing in which meeting the postsat the top. Two of the latter Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section through members support the bearings for the shaft '1 my machine, and from which the vehicle is suspended. Figure 2 a transverse section taken along line The drive shaft 3, which may be rotated from 22 of Figure 1'. any suitable source of power, is supported in bearings resting on horizontal members 22 supported at one end by short uprights 23 and bolted at their other ends to the uprights 20. The shaft has a crank 23 by means of which it operates the connecting link 4 and is provided with fly wheels 24 on opposite sides or the crank. The connecting link 4 is connected to the vehicle through a shaft 25 carried by brackets 26 projecting from the vehicle.

My invention operates as follows:

A charge of material is placed in the vehicle, and, of course, drops on the bottom thereof. The vehicle is then set in motion to swing or reciprocate like a pendulum. As long as the swinging motion is slow there will be little relative motion between the material and the vehicle, but as the speed is increased the material begins to roll back and forth in opposition to the vehicle movement, the momentum tending to overcome the force of gravity until finally, when the operative speed is reached, the material is bodily lifted off the floor of the vehicle and is practically suspended in mid-air where it receives rapid blows from left and right from opposite walls of the vehicle in alternate succession.

The amount of material fed into the vehicle is comparatively small relative to the capacity of the vehicle so that when the material is lifted in mid-air it occupies a relative small portion in the central regionof the vehicle, substantially as shown in the drawing so that there is ample room for the walls of the vehicle to move relative to the material.

As the vehicle starts to swing to the left from an extreme right position it strikes the material from the right, imparting momentum in lefthand direction to the body of material. But in the meantime the left wall of the vehicle has proceded far ahead of the material and when it reaches the extreme left-hand position there is considerable space between it and the body of material. As the vehicle changes its direction and starts on its return trip the body of material is'still moving toward the left so that there will be a head-on collision between the left wall of the vehicle and the body of material. On account of this collision the body of material is made to change its direction, but now the right wall is far in advance of the material on the right side and strikes the body on its return trip, again in head-on collision.

At each collision there is not only a crushing effect but also an internal friction and grinding effect since each blow is accompanied by a densifying of the body of material and transmission of movement from rock to rock followed by subsequent loosening.

While the reciprocating movement has a natural tendency to overcome the force of gravity the particular cylindrical shape of my vehicle causes the blows to be delivered partly from below in an upwardly inclined direction and partly from above in a downwardly inclined direction and thus aids in lifting the material away from the bottom of the vehicle and also serves to concentrate the loose marginal material at each blow toward the center of the body of material.'

For removing the fines from the vehicle I either employ water which may be fed into the vehicle by any suitable means as by a pipe 2'! and which washes the properly reduced particles through the screens l3 or the suction apparatus shown on the left side in Figure 2. It will be noted that the funnel I5 is carried upward to the height of the shaft 1 where there is no side motion and where it may be safely connected to a stationary suction pipe by the flexible sleeve 16.

It is apparent that for successful operation of my invention a certain relation must be observed between the capacity of the vehicle, the load, the pendulum length of the vehicle between the supporting pivot and the center. of gravity, the length of the stroke and the speed with which the vehicle is operated.

As has been pointed out the load must be comparatively light. capacity there would be no relative motion. In practice I fill the vehicle to less than one quarter of its capacity.

' The length of the pendulum must be suflicient to'allow of a reasonable length of throw without departing too much from a horizontal plane. In the device illustrated in the drawing the length of the vehicle from pivot to center of gravity is approximately three feet and three inches.

The length of stroke or throw should be sufficient to allow the advance wall of the vehicle to get ahead of the body of material sufficiently to enable it, at the end of its movement in one direction, to return and to acquire a certain momentum before striking the oncoming body of material. In the machine illustrated the total stroke from end to end is twelve inches.

The speed should be considerably in excess of natural pendulum speed. The machine shown was designed to have a natural pendulum speed of 60 strokes. When completed it made 64 strokes per minute with the connecting rod detached. At this speed .the mill required no theoretical power except to overcome friction and it could be kept going at that speed with a slight pressure of the finger on the down stroke. With a charge in the mill the material began to move as soon as this speed was increased. 1

At revolutions of the crank shaft the material seems to remain in suspension and is thrown from one side to the other with two impacts per revolution. At higher speed the charge does not travel far as the walls are traveling in opposite directions so fast that crushing impacts are delivered in rapid succession without much movement of the charge.

From the capacity obtained in operation it. is apparent that there must be considerable reduction between the particles themselves as well as at the points of impact with the vehicle walls.

I have not found it necessary thus far to use any crushing medium in the charge other than the rock itself but crushing media could be used if found advantageous.

A test run made by me recently with the machine illustrated showed a capacity of one and one half tons per hour feeding rock up to six inches in diameter and reducing same to forty mesh, with a power consumption of about six horsepower while the mill was running at 168 R. P. M.

I claim:

. 1. A machine for reducing material comprising a vehicle having a semi-cylindrical bottom portion, converging end walls rising therefrom and a pair of flat side walls, means for suspending the vehicle with freedom of pendulum motion, means for reciprocating the vehicle for reducing material contained therein, a chute carried by one of the side walls, an outlet pipe carried by the other side wall, suction means anda flexible connection between the suction means and the outlet pipe arranged in alinement with the axis of the swinging movement.

If the vehicle were filled to 2. A material reducing machine comprising a drum having a substantially semi-cylindrical bottom portion with walls rising therefrom, means for suspending the drum with freedom of pendulum motion, means for swinging the drum for throwing material in the drum in mid-air and for alternately striking the material from opposite ends with the wall of the bottom portion,

and spaced rails on the bottom portion extending parallel with the axis of suspension to define material receiving pockets and to prevent slipping .of material along said bottom portion.

3. A machine for reducing material comprising a vehicle adapted to contain material, means for suspending the vehicle with freedom of pendulum motion, means for reciprocating the vehicle for reducing the material, an outlet pipe carried by the vehicle, suction means, and a flexible connection between the outlet pipe and v, the suction means arranged in alinement with the axis of the swinging movement.

ALVAH D. HADsnL.

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