US2191212A - Feeding and severing mechanism for photographic copying machines - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 20, 1940. p, LANDRQCK AL 2,191,212

FEEDING AND SEVERING MECHANISM FOR PHQTOGRAPHIC COPYING MACHINES Original Fil ld April 29, 1939 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 E R5 mlfw aa ATTORNEYS Feb. 20, 1940- P. LANDROCK ET AL FEEDING AND SEVERING MECHANISM FOR PHOTOGRAPHIG COPYING MACHINES Original Filed A ril 29, 1959 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 JD 7 INVENTOR 5 0k 15% fifllyvs 546v" ATT RNEYs Feb. 20, 1940. R K ET AL 2,191,212

FEEDING AND SEVERING MECHANISM FOR PHOTQGRAPHIC COPYING MACHINES ori irial Filed April 29, 1939 s sheets-sheet s 1 1 INVENTO BY il r W @219 Feb. 20, 1940. P. LANDROCK ET AL 2,191,212

FEEDING AND SEVERINCT MECHANI3M FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC COPYING MACHINES Original Filed April 29, 1939 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 v INVE O Padlmzz'oci BY g ZJFwATTORNEYS Patented Feb. 20, 1940 than:

FEEDING AND YSEVERING MECHANISM FOR. PHOTOGRAPHIC COPYING -ll/IACHINES Paul Landrock and Arthur. W. Caps, Rochester, N. Y., assignors to .Photostat Corporation, Providence, It. 1., a corporation of Rhode Island Original application April .29, 1939, Serial No.

270,856. Divided and this application October 7, 1939, Serial No. 298,436

11 Claims.-

The present invention relates to photographic copying cameras ormachines and more especial- 1y to machines of that type in which photographic exposures are made upon successive por- 5 tions of a long strip of film supplied from a roll or the like, and in which each portion after being exposed is fed to aposition out, of the focal plane and then preferably out off from the remaining unexposed film, so that it may be developed, fixed, or otherwise treated without waiting for the entire supply of film to be exposed. Machines of this general type are well known, various forms of such machines having been extensively marketed by the assignee of this present application under the trade mark Photostat.

An object of the present invention is the provision of a generally improved and more eflicient and satisfactory mechanism for feeding and severing the film.

r 20 Another object is thejprovision of feeding and severing mechanisrnnormally driven by power means such as an electric motor, but soldesigned and constructed that if the motor should be disabled, as by failure of theelectric. current, the

25 feeding and severing mechanism can nevertheless be operated readily by hand.

A further object is the provision of such mtor driven and hand operated feeding and severing mechanism in such form that it may be sub- 30 stituted for other and prior forms of feeding and severing mechanism at present in use on existing machines without otherwise substantially altering theexisting machines. i

To these and other ends the invention resides '35 in certain improvements and combinations of parts, all as will be hereinafter more fully described, the novel features being pointed out in the claims at the end of the specification.

In the drawings:

40 Fig. l is a side elevation of a portion of a photocopying machine including feeding and severing mechanism constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2 is aside elevation of a fragment of the 45 machine on a larger scale, illustrating the feed ing and severing mechanism, with the cover plate removed to showyparts within, the1nech anism being shown in its normal position of rest;

Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2 with the parts 50 in a different position at intermediate point in the cycle of operation;

Fig. is fragmentary view similar to the upper portion of Fig. 2 showing the parts in the positionas in Fig. 2, but with certion over- 55 lying parts removed to expose the parts beneath;

(o1. use-49) Fig. is a horizontal section taken substan tially on the line 5--5 of Fig. 3; Fig. 6 is a section taken substantially on the line 6-6 of Fig. 7; Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic section taken approx- 5 imately on. the line l--'l of Fig. 2, and

Fig. Bis a side view of the handcrank which may be used to operate the mechanism when the normal power source fails, and a fragment of l 1 the shaft to which this hand crank is applied. 10

The same reference numerals throughout the several views indicate the same parts. H x The feeding and severing mechanism of the ferent kinds, types, or styles of photographic copying machines and similar machines, and is here described for the sake of an illustrative example in connection with a photographic copying machine of a type familiar in the art, which; includes a framework 3| on which is mounted a camera front frame 33, a back frame 35, bellows 3! connecting these two frames to each other, and a magazine section. 39 hinged to the section 35, the back frame 35 and magazine 39 together; constituting the main part of the camera body. In the magazinesection may be placed the usual roll box carrying a roll 45 of unexposed sensitized photographic film, which film is preferably but not necessarily a strip of paper coated with the. usual photographic emulsion. From the roll 45 the strip of film extends over a guide roller and thence downwardly as indicated at 39 over the usual focal plane support, being held fiat in the 3 l Any suitable type of shutter is mounted within the shutter casing El secured to the front frame 33. When this shutter is open, light rays reflected from the document, or copy on the board 57, illuminated by the lights iii, pass up wardly to the prism forming part of the lensand prism assembly and then pass rearwardly through the lens and prism assembly, through the open shutter, through the bellows ill, and fall against the sensitized film 49 lying in the focal plane of the camera. Suitable adjustments of rotating feed rollers 'Hand13 until thetop edge of the exposure area is slightly below the level of these feed rollers, which feeding motion brings a fresh, unexposed portion of film from the supply roll 45. into exposingposition in the :focal plane. The exposed portion .of the film is then preferably cut off from the remaining portion by operation of a severing knife 75, whereupon the severed exposed portionlmayvbe treated in any suitable way to develop and fix it to make a photographic print. In the form of machine here shown as an illustrative example, the severed portion drops downwardly within a treating cabinet or casing Q5, where it is subjected to various treating baths, such as developing, washing, and fixing baths.

The partsthus far described are of conven tional known construction, the details of which are unimportant so far as the present invention is concerned, and may be varied as desired. Greene Patent 1,322,345, granted September 8, 1931, and Caps and Greene Patent 1,824,259, granted September 22, 1931, disclose various features of machines of this general type in somewhat greater detail than the foregoing brief gen-- eral description which is sufilcient for present purposes.

The feeding and severing mechanism constitilting the subject matter ofthe present invention will now be described. As best seen in Figs. '1 and 2, a casing 215 and an. electric motor 2'59 are mounted on the right hand side of the magazine section'39 of the camera. Referring now to Fig. 2, the armature shaft 28! of the motor enters the casing 2l'5-and carries a worm 283 meshing with-and constantly driving a worm Wheel 235 (see also Fig. 7) rotatablymounted on is a hub Z29! fixed to the'shaft 231, and a set of spring. pressed rollers 239 placed in tapering grooves formed betweenthe hub 33? and the gear.

. 285,.c0nstitute a one way clutch of a familiar kind, so that when the gear 385 is driven-by rotation of the motor. shaft 28f, it will drive shaft 281 in the direction shown by the arrow just above the worm '283 inFig. 2. But when the motor is stationary, the shaft "Zillmay be turned in the same direction-by other means, because of the clutch. arrangement.

Fixed to and rotating withfthe shaft Mil is gear'tlll (Fig. 7) meshing: with a gear 3&3 (Figs. 5 and 'll'fixedto a clutch'element 3&5. pinned on a shaft 313? which is 'slidable I longitudinally through a ball bearing near its better end,

' mounted on a fixed partition in the casing and througha ball bearing 3H near its inner end, this second. ball bearing being mounted in a hollow clutchelement formed integrally with or fixed to a hollow slee've rotatablein but held against axial movement in a hearing in the fixed wall 28! of the casing 215. The inner of this sleeve 3h; receivesa reduced end 5H3 (Fig. 7) or the shaft which carries the feeding apart to'the position indicated in 7.

roller ll, and an axial slot 32! in the sleeve 1H5 receives a cross pin 323 on the roller shaft to constitute a driving connection between he sleeve 3% and the roller ll, which can, however, be instantly disconnected by endwise movement of the sleeve 3th away fromthe feeding roller shaft, whenever it is desired to take the casing H5 off of the magazine section for repairs or adjustment. H

'A coiled compression spring 325 surrounds the shaft'3fll between the two clutch members and 353, and constantly tends to press them End wise pressure on the shaft in a rightward direction when viewed asin Fig. 7 will, however, shift the entire shaft and the gear 3&3 rid element 3% (without unineshing the gear l frsin the gear 3M, however) until cht rmed on the face of the clutch element 359 with corresponding clutch teeth on the fa e of the clutch member 3l3, as shown in Fig. estab-- lish a driving connection between these parts. Then, the gear 333 being turned bythe gear 3E2, the clutch member 383 will be driven, and with it the sleeve 323 and the feeding roller ll. extent of turning of the roller H and, consequently, the length of the strip of film which fed thereby, will depend, for any given speed of rotation, upon the length of time that the clutch elementstfit and 5363 remain in mesh with eachother, which in turn depends upon the length of time that axial pressure on the shaft 3.)? is maintained. The means for producing such axial pressure is variable or adjustable, order that the mechanism may be set for winding different lengths of film at each operation, as will now be described. Referring now to Figs. 2 and '7, the carries also a gear 33! fixed thereto and therewith, which meshes with g to a shaft 335 journal-ed ball b n the wall 29! and in a fixed'interined .p ttition in the casing 2l5. Asbest seen in Fig. the outer end of the shaft projects outwardly beyond the bearing and is provided with ting should fail, the outer plate or cover te of the casing 275 can be removed and a nd crank 342 can be placed on the exposed end the shaft 335 in. the manner shown in Fig. 8. to make driving engagement with the cross pin EH33. and the feeding and severing mechanism be operated by means of the hand crank 362, rotation of the parts being permitted by the one-way or overrunnin clutch 25% previously mentioned.

The shaft 335 also has fixed to. it a pinion 343 meshing with a gear 345 freely rotatable on ball bearings 34? on a shaft 345! which itself is rotatable on ball bearings 35! in the wall 29! and 353 in a fixed partition in the casing 215. The gear 345 has fixed to it a ratchet 355 (Figs. 4 and 7) for cooperation with the end 351 of a pawl 3559 pivoted at 36! to a disk 363 fixed to the shaft 3 39. A leaf spring 355 also fixed to the disk 363 presses against the opposite end 36'! of the pawl 359, in adirection tending to throw the nose of the pawl into engagement with theratchet teeth 355 to establish a driving relation between the pawl and the ratchet, so that the rotation of the gear 345 and ratchet 355 will correspondingly drive the disk 363.

Theperiphery of the disk 363 is of smooth circular-form except at one point where there is a notch 31'! (Fig. 3) arranged alongside of the tail .331. of the pawl 359. A bell crank lever pivoted The in the casing 215 at 315 has one laterally extending arm 311and another upwardly extending arm 319, constantly pulled in a leftwardor counterclockwise direction, when viewed. as in Figs. 2, 3, and 4, by a coiled tension spring 38! i one end of which is secured to the arm 319 and (Jil the other end to a fixed part of the casing 215. This arm 319 also carries a small roller 383 which rides on the periphery of the disk 363. When the disk rotates to a certain point, the roller 383 drops into the notch 31! and the face of the roller is sufficiently wide so that it contacts also with the tail 361 of the pawl and presses this tail radially inwardly toward the shaft 359, against the action of the spring 365, throwing the nose 351 of the pawl out of engagement with the ratchet teeth 355 to break the driving connection between the ratchet and the disk 363. The spring 38! is stronger than the spring 365 in order to accomplish this disengagement of the pawl against the action of the latter spring.

When the parts are at rest, they are inthe position shown in Fig. 4, with the roller 383 seated in the notch in the disk 363. A clockwise movement of the bell crank lever 311, 319 against the tension of the spring 38! will lift the roller 383 out of the notch in the disk 363 and at the same time release the tail 361 of the pawl so that the spring 365 will throw the nose 351 into engagement with the ratchet teeth 355. Assuming that the motor 219 is running, the ratchet 355 will at this time be turning in a counterclockwise direction as shown by the arrow in Fig. 4, and when the pawl 3559 comes into contact with the ratchet teeth, the disk 363 on which the pawl is mounted will l kewise begin to turn in a counterclockwise direction.

As soon as it has turned a small fraction of until exactly one revolution is completed, whereupon the notch 31! and the tail 361 of the pawl both again come around to the roller 383. The roller then drops into the notch, at the same time pressing inwardly on the tail of the pawl and releasing the pawl from the ratchet 355, so that the driving connection between the disk and the ratchet is broken, the disk comes to rest (the roller 383 cooperating with the notch 31! to act as a spring detent to hold the disk always in the same definite position when at rest) and the ratchet 355 may continue to turn without causing any further turningof the disk 363 until the bell crank lever is once more displaced to move the roller 383 out of its notch, whereupon the parts are once more rotated through a single complete revolution,

It will be remembered that the ratchet 355 and gear 395 are rotatably mounted on the shaft 349 and consequently the shaft does not necessarily turn with them, but does turn with the disk 363 which is pinned to the shaft. Hence the shaft 349 will, at each cycle of operation, rotate through exactly one revolution, and will then come to rest always in the same position, at the completion of one revolution.

The shaft 349 is provided with an adjustable cam for determining that part of the cycle of operation during which the clutch elements 395 and M3 are engaged with each other to cause driving of thefeeding roller 1!. The cam, in its preferred form, comprises one cam segment 39! (Figs. 3, 4, and 7) pinned to the shaft 349, a second cam segment 393 having a hub rotatable on the shaft 349, and a third cam segment 395 be- By turning the cams 393 and 395 so that their,

effective peripheries overlie and coincide with that of the cam 39!, the compositecam will be of minimum length. The length of the eifective cam surface can be adjusted to any desired extent from this minimum length up to the maximum where the eifective surface of one cam begins just at the point where the other stops, the cam 395 continuing on from the end of the cam 39!, and thecam 393 continuing on from the end of the earn 395. This adjustment may be efiected by means of an adjusting knob 399 (Figs. 2 and '1) connected to the hub of the cam 393, so that by turning this knob 399 the cam 393 is turned in one direction or the other on the shaft349, which is stationary at this time. The cam 395 floats between the cams 39! and 393 and is provided with a laterallug 4!!! (Fig. 3) engaging in an arcuate notch 463 in the cam 393, and a similar lateral lug engaging in a similar arcuate notch 495 of the cam 39!, this arrangement of lugs and notches serving to limit the rotation of one cam element relatively to another, and preventing the cams from being spread too far. When they adjusted to the desired position by turning the knob 399, they may be clamped in this position by a clamping nut 461 threaded on the end of the shaft 349, which, when tightened, will bear against the adjusting knob 399 and hold this knob against rotation. relatively to the shaft 349, so that the clamping nut 401, knob 399, and the composite cam elements 39!, 393, 395 will all turn together as a unit with the shaft 349 when the latter turns. I

Cooperating with the composite cam and rid ing on the periphery thereof is a roller 4!! (Figs. 3, 4, and '7) mounted on the upper end M3 of a lever pivoted at M5 (Figs; 2 and 3) on a fixed part of the casing 215. The lower end M1 of this lever (Figs. 3 and 5) lies just forwardly of and engages an inwardly extending armM9 of 'a bell crank lever pivoted at 426 .on the casing 215. Another arm 923 of this bell crank lever extends forwardly and is provided with an adjusting screw 425 which may press against the outer end of the shaft 361 which carries the clutch element 395, as best shown in 5. A compression spring 431 tends to turn the bell crank lever M9, 423 in a clockwise direction when viewed from above as in Fig. 5, holding the arm M9 thereof against the arm M1 of the vertical lever in such a way as to hold the roller M! against the periphery of the composite cam. As above mentioned. the shaft 349 and the composite cam elements mounted thereon come to rest, at the end of a cycle, always, in a predetermined position (shown. in Fig. l) in which the roller 383 lies in the notch 31!. In this position, the forward or leading edge of the first cam element 39! lies a short distance away from the roller 4! I, ready to displace this roller soon after rotation of the shaft 349 commences. When this roller M! rides up the inclined leading edge of the-cam and is: displaced to a psition farther away from the shaft 349 (such a position being shown in Fig. 3) this swings the lever 453, ll-l about its pivot M5, which in turn swings the bell crank 419, 423 about its pivot 42!, causing the screw 425 to press inwardly on the shaft 3G? to engage the driving clutch element 355. with the driven clutch element 3| 3 and establish a'driving relationship between these elements so that the feeding roller H is rotated. The extent to which the feeding roller is rotated depends upon setting of the compositecam, foras soon as the roller 4 drops off of the trailing edgeof the last cam element, 393, the spring d2? is permitted to return. the vertical. lever M23, 4!? and. the bell crank lever 4H3, 423 to their initial positions of rest, and the spring opensthe clutch 305, M3 to break the driv-- ingconnection so that rotation of the feeding roller ii ceases, even though the clutch element 355 may continue to turn.

By adjusting longer or'shorter, the extent of turning of the feeding roller H for each cycle'of operation is altered as desired. To assist in adjusting it for any desired extent of feedingthere may be provided a dial'plate 43! (Figs. 2 and 7) mounted stationarily on a fixedpartition in the cashing 215, which dial plate is provided with graduations 435-3 (Fig. 2) of any appropriate kind, preferably reading directly in terms of inches of fractions of an inch, and cooperating with an index mark 435 on the adjusting knob 395. When the adjusting knob is turned (the shaft 1 345 being stationary in its normal position of rest) to such position that. the index mark 455 is opposite the graduation marked 24 this means that the composite cam is adjusted to such length that the roller 1! will be rotated sufliciently to feed 2 2' inches of the length of the film at each cycle of operation. Similarly, if the index mark 435 be placed opposite. one of the other graduations, this will make the composite cam of the proper length to cause rotation of the roller H l to an extent just sufiicient to feed the length of film indicated by the particular graduation 433 which is opposite the index 435. With the arrangement here shown as an. illustrative example. the feeding'can be set for any desired .l'ength between maximum of 24 inches and a minimum of 14 inches.

The severing mechanism for cutting the film at the completion of the feeding operation is controlled from this same mechanism within the casing 2'55 which has been described in connection with. the feeding of the film. The above mentioned disk 353 which is fast to the shaft carries two rollers 43'! and 439' (Figs. 3, 4, and '7) mounted on studs projecting from that face of the disk which is remote from the ratchet These rollers cooperate with a forked arm 2 fixed to a shaft 443 journaled in ball bearings i iand M? mounted on fixed parts of the casing 'Z'iii. A spring 445 coiled around the shaft 443 one end pressing against a fixed abutment and the other end against an abutment on the arm 44!, tends constantly to turn the shaft 443 in a counterclockwise direction when viewed as in Figs. 2 and 3, and to hold it against a resilient stop provided by a leaf spring 45% which cushions the return movement of this lever after it has been moved away from its normal position, but which is stronger than the spring M5 in order to provide a definite normal or rest position for the arm 44!.

the composite cam to make it This rest position is such that, atthe latter part of the operating cycle represented by one complete revolution of the shaft 349, and after the completion of the feeding movement of the roller "H, the roller 43 will come into contact with the arm 44L being received in the notch at the upper end thereof, and will press right- I wardly against the right hand branch of this arm to turn this arm in a clockwise direction about its shaft 443, against the tension of the spring 449; Just as the roller 45'! is about to move past the end of the arm MI, the second roller 439' will come around into contact with the arm, this time against the left hand branch of the arm (when viewed as in Fig. 3) and will turn the arm MI still further in a clockwise direction. The maximum turned position. of the arm is indicated in dotted line in Fig. 3, where the roller 439 is also shown in dotted lines at 43911, in the position it assumes just before it passes beyond the end of the arm 44,! and permits the arm to return to its initial position underthe influence of the spring 469.

This clockwise swinging of the arm 4M and corresponding turning of its shaft 443 operates the severing knife '15 (Figs. 1 and 7) to cut off the film which has been fed downwardly by the roller H, at a point just beneath this roller. The shaft 443 has fixed to it a gear segment 45| (Figs. 2, 3, and 7) which meshes with a gear 453 formed on a sleeve 455 rotatable onv a shaft 451 rotatable in ballbearings 459 and 45! mounted in fixed parts of the casing 215. At its outer end the sleeve 455 has a lug 463 (Figs. 6 and 7) occupying but a small part (preferably about a quarter or less) of a full circle and cooperating with a similar lug 465 on a collar 461 pinned to the shaft 451. A coiled spring 469 surrounds the sleeve 455 and has one end fixed thereto and the other end fixed to the collar 46?,

the force of the spring being such as to tend to turn the sleeve 455 in a clockwise direction when viewed from its outer end as in Figs. 3 and 6, and to tend to turn the collar 46'! in a counterclockwise direction when viewed in the same way, thus holding the lugs 453 and 455 tight against each other as indicated in Fig. 6;

When the shaft 443 is swung in a clockwise direction (viewed from the outer end as in Fig. 3) by the action of the rollers 43'! and 439, the gear segment 45f turns the gear 453 in a counterclockwise direction (as shown by the associated arrow in Fig. 6) and this tends to turn the collar 46'! and the shaft 35'! correspondingly in a counterclockwise direction, because the spring 459 tends to hold the lug 465 on the collar 46'! tight against the lug 453 as the latter turns with the gear 453. But if there is any unusual resistance to turning the shaft 451, then the gear 453 can continue to turn to the end of its range of travel without the collar 45? and shaft 451 necessarily turning with it, for in the event of such unusual resistance, the collar 45'! and its lug 465 can remain stationary and the lug 463 can pull away from it and turn around approximately half a revolution in a counterclockwise direction (Fig. 6) relatively to the lug 465, simply winding up the spring 469 somewhat tighter and causing no damage to any parts.

The shaft 45! is connected in any suitable wayto the film severing knife previously mentioned. For example, the inner end of the shaft 451 may have a sleeve 41! (Fig. '7) fixed thereto, which sleeve has a slotted end similar to the sleeve 315, tocooperate in the sameway' with the knife to reciprocate it by any suitable means,

such as a pair of gear segments 41! fixed to the shaft 415 near oppositeends thereof at opposite sides of the machine (only one end being shown inFig. 7) and meshingwith racks 419 on a reciprocating carriage which carries the knife r blade 15.

The spring 489 is of sufficient strength to hold the lugs lfitl and 46b in contact with each other and cause operation of the knifeblade 75 through time jammed in the. knife or for any other reason its full range of travel under all normal condi- If, however, the film should become there should be an unusual resistance to the operation of the knife, then the spring 469 would give, as above mentioned, so that the knife could stop without completing, its full travel and yet the various operating parts above described would not be broken. 1

,The feeding roller shaft M9 and the knife op-,

erating shaft 475 are shafts which exist, at a standard distancefrom each other, in many com- ,proportions that the shaft-receiving sleeves 3| mercial copying cameras now in use; According to the present invention, thecasing 215 and all parts included therein are made of such size and and 41! are at this same standard distance from "each other. It is an easy matter to remove the existing means for operating the feeding roller shaft 319 and knife shaft 115 from any machine already in use, and to place the casing 275 con- .taining the improved operating mechanism ""against the side of the machine in proper position so that the sleeves 3i! and an receive the existing shafts3l9 and 475.. Hence it is comparatively easy to convert manyof the existing photographic copying cameras into the improved form ,mbf the present invention, without requiring extensive alterations or rebuilding.

Operation of the feeding and severing mechanism is initiated by downward movement of the bell crank arm 3H, either by direct hand pres- --sure or through the instrumentality of any suitable operating mechanism. ,Such downward movement of the arm 3'" will withdraw the roller 383 from the notch 3H and will engage the pawl 359 with the ratchet. 355. The motor 2'19 may be left running continuously, or, if preferred, may

be at rest between successive operations of the feeding and severing mechanismaand may be started only at the beginning of each feedingand severing operation. In the latter event, the electtric current to the motor is preferably controlled by a switch of the plungertype, having a plunger 5!! (Figs. 2 and 3). A spring 5I 3 tends to press the plunger rightwardly when viewed as in Figs. 2 and 3, to a position inwhich the switch is closed. so that the motor Willrun. An adjustable screw 5l5 mounted near the upper end of the upstanding arm 37? of the control bell crank presses against the plunger 5H when the control bell crank is in normal undisplaced position (Fig. 2)

hand, overcoming the resistance of the spring 5E3, holds the plunger 5| I leftwardly in switch-opening position, so that no current is supplied to the motor. a a

With this arrangement, a downward movement "#Qf the bell crank arm 311 allows the switch plunger to move rightwardly and starts the motor 219 simultaneouslywith the release of the roller 383 from the notch 3H and from the tail 361 of the pawl. Afterthe downward pressure on the bell crank arm 3' has'been removed, the roller 383 riding on the periphery of the disc 363,

the switch to remain closed until the notch 3H I comes around to the roller 383, whereupon the roller drops into the notch under the action of the spring 381, feeding and severing mechanism by throwing out the pawl 359, and at the same time the screw 5|5 on the control bell crank presses against the plunger 5H motor 219;

If the motor is disabled, as by failure of the electric current, the worm 283 locks the worm wheel 285 against turning, the other shafts and parts driven thereby are not locked, because of the one-way clutch 299. Consequently, the crank 342 maybe applied to the end of the shaft 335 and this shaft maybe turned manually byoperation of the crank, to drive the feeding and severing mechanism in spite of the While one embodiment of the invention has been disclosed, it is to be understood that the inventive idea may be carried out in a number of ways. This application is therefore not to be limited to the precise details described, but is intended to cover all variations and modifications disconnecting the drive of the to open the switch to stop the but the shaft 281 and a filed October '7, 1939, for Severing mechanism for photographic copying machines.

thereof falling within the spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims.

We claim:

l. A photographic copying machine of the type including film feeding mechanism having a rotary metering member for determining the length of film to be fed, a shaft for driving said member, a motor, and a gear driven by said motor for driving said shaft, characterized by the provision of a one-way clutch between said gear and said shaft, so that when said motor is incapacitated, said feeding mechanism may be operated by turning said shaft by hand without turning said motor or said gear.

2. A photographic'copying machine of the type including film feeding mechanismhaving a rotary metering member for determining the length of film to befed, a shaft for driving said member, a motor; and a gear driven by said motor for driving said shaft, characterized by the fact that said gear is rotatably mounted on said shaft, and further characterized by the provision of a worm operated by said motor and meshing with said gear to drive said gear, and the provision of a one-way clutch between said gear and said shaft, so thatwhen said gear is driven from said motor, rotation thereof will drive said shaft, and

so that when said motor is incapacitated, said shaft may be turned by hand without turning said gear.

3. A photographic copying machine of the type including a film severingmember, a shaft for driving said member, a motor, and a gear driven by said motor for driving said-shaft, character ized by the provision of a on'eeway clutch between I said gear and said shaft, so that when said motor is incapacitated, said severingmember may be operated by turning said shaft by hand without turning said motor or said gear. a

4. A photographic copying machine of the type 7 including a film severing'member, a shaft for driving said member, amotor, and a gear driven 1 will drive said shaft, and so that when said motorby said motor for, driving said shaft; characterized by the fact, that said gear is rotatably mounted on-said shaft, and further characterized *by the provision of a worm operated by said motor and meshing with said gear to drive said gear, and the provision of a one-way clutch between said gearand said shaft so that when said gear is driven from said motor, rotation thereof is incapacitated, said shaft may be turned by hand without turning said gear.

5. A photographic copying machine including mechanism for operating upon a strip of film, a-

motor, and transmission parts operatively inter posed between said motor and said mechanism for normally driving said mechanism from said motor, saidqtransmission parts including a shaft having a free end to which a hand crank may be detachahly applied and a one-way clutohinterposedbetween said shaft and said motor so that said shaft maybe turned. by said hand crank without thereby turning said motor.

' 6. A photographic copying machine including mechanism for operating upon a strip of film, a

motor, and transmission parts operatively interposed between said motor and said mechanism for normally driving said mechanism from saidimotor, said transmission parts including a worm driven by said motor, a shaft, a worm wheel shaft geared to the first-mentioned shaft, anda :crank for manually turning said second shaft and with it said first-mentioned shaft when said worm wheel is stationary.

'7. Mechanism for operating upon a strip of film in a photographic copying machine, said mechanism including a driving member mounted for rotation about an axis and having a ratchet thereon, a driven member includinga disk having a substantially smooth periphery. throughout the, greater part of its circumferenceand having a notch at one point of its circumference, a pawl pivotally mounted on said diskand having one portion for cooperative engagement with said ratchet and a second portionlying adjacent said 1' notch, a movable control member, and a roller mounted on said controlmernber in position to 'roll on said smooth periphery of said disk while said disk is turning and to drop into said notch when said notch comes opposite said roller during turning of said disk, said roller when in. said notch engaging said second portion of said pawl to hold the first portion of said pawl out of,

en'gagement'with said ratchet so that turning of said ratchet will not drive said disk.

8. Mechanism for operating upon a strip :of film in a photographic copying machine, said mechanism including a driving member mounted for rotation about. an axis and having a ratchet thereon, a driven member including a disk having a substantially smooth; periphery throughout the greater part of .its'circumference and having anotch at one point of its circumference, a pawl pivotally mounted on said disk and having one portionfor cooperative engagement with said ratchet and a second portion lying adjacent said notch, a movable control member, a; roller mounted on said control member in position to roll on said smooth periphery of said disk while said disk is turning and to drop into said notch when said notch comes opposite said roller during turning of said disk, said roller whenin said notch en gaging said second portion of said pawl to hold the first portion of said pawl out of engagement with said ratchet so that turning of said ratchet will not drive said disk, a feedroller for feeding said film, an adjustable cam driven by said driven member, and mechanism operated-by said cam for controlling the extent of rotation of said feed roller during eachcycle of operation thereof.

9. Mechanism for operating upon a strip of film in a photographic copying machinasaid mechanism including a driving member mounted" for rotation about an axis and having a ratchet thereon, a driven member including a disk having a substantially smooth periphery throughout the greater part of its circumference and having a notch at one point of its circumference, a pawl pivotally mounted on said disk and having one portion for cooperative engagement with said ratchet and a secondportion lying adjacent said notch, amovable control member, a roller mounted on said control member in position to roll on said smooth periphery of said disk While said disk is turning and to drop'into said notch when said notch comes opposite said-roller during turning of said disk, said roller when in said notch engaging said second portion of said'pawl to hold the first portion of said pawl out of engagement with said'ratchet so that turning of said ratchet will not drivegsaid disk, a movable knifefor severing saidfilrn, H and; mechanism driven by driven-member for operating said knife to'sever 10. A photographic copying machine'including. aroller for feedingfilm, a driving clutch element and a driven clutch element movable axially with respect to each other to establish and disestab-li sh a driving connection between them, said driven said rollerto drive said roller, a rotatable control cam a pivoted lever cooperating with said control cam to be moved thereby from one position to, another position, and a hell crank lever haying,

clutch element being operatively connected to one arm cooperating with and moved by said pivoted lever and having a second arm movable in a direction axially of said clutch elements and effective to shift one of said elements axially with respect to the other.

11. Aphotographic copying machine including 'a rollerfor feeding film, an engageable and dis engageable clutch for driving said roller, a shait, a first cam part fixed to said shaft,a second cam part rotatable on said shaft, means for clamping said secondcarn part in a selected position with respect tosaid shaft; a,third cam part floatingly mounted on said shaft between. said first and sec ond parts, cooperating abutment means on said cam parts tolimit rotationof said third cam part withrespect to said first cam part and to limit rotationof ,saiolsecond cam part with respect to said third cam part, a cam follower cooperating withsaid cam parts to be moved thereby when said shaft turns, andan operative connedtion between said cam follower and said clutch PAUL, LANDROCK. ARTHUR w. CAPS.

to controlsaid clutch frorn the movements of said,

cam followen

Images