US2191033A

US2191033A - Composition for the treatment of synthetic warp yarns

Info

Publication number: US2191033A
Application number: US213026A
Authority: US
Inventors: Wendell G Faw
Original assignee: Eastman Kodak Co
Current assignee: Eastman Kodak Co
Priority date: 1938-06-10
Filing date: 1938-06-10
Publication date: 1940-02-20
Anticipated expiration: 1957-02-20

Description

Patented Feb. 20, 1940 UNITED STATES oom'osmon roa THE TREATMENT OF SYNTHETIC wsnr mums Wendell G. Faw, Kingsport, Tema,

Eastman Kodak Company; Roch or to r, N. Y., a

corporation of New Jersey No Drawing. Application June 10, 1938, Serial No. 218,026.

7Claims.

This invention relates to the conditioning of textile yarns and more particularly to a method of and composition for the preparation of synthetic yarns composed of or containing organic derivatives of cellulose such as cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose acetate propionate. cellulose acetate butyrate, and the like. to render them suitable for use in warping operations.

In the preparation of a warp for weaving, it

10 is necessary to draw a large number of strands from individual packages through suitable guides, tension devices and spacers so that they converge and lie evenly spaced in one plane from which they can be wound onto a single beam.

As is well known, synthetic yarns, particularly those composed of or containing organic derivatives of cellulose, are especially subject to the accumulation of charges of static electricity from frictional influences. This phenomenon is evi- U denced by the natural repulsion of many of the strands. This presents a serious problem especially when the tension is relieved by stopping the beaming operation.

It has been found tobe absolutely necessary,

28 not only to cut down friction by the application of a lubricant to the yarn, but also to employ an agent which will prevent the accumulation of static charges on the yarn. Many such de-electrification agents have been proposed. An espe- 30 cially successful class of anti-static agents is described and claimed in the co-pending application of J. R. Caldwell, Serial No. 114,085, filed December 3, 1936.

The problem of proper warp preparation does 86 not end, however, with the provision of a satisfactory lubricant and a satisfactory anti-static or tie-electrification agent. Several other factors enter into the problem and determine the quality of a satisfactory warp lubricant. To illustrate the complexity of the problem it is necessary to consider the various requirements which the yarn must meet in use. For example, after the yarn is drawn onto a beam in the warping process, it

must be treated with a protective coating of a sizing material. To accomplish this, the yarn is passed through a bath consisting generally of a solution of gelatin and a softening agent such as Turkey red oil or glycerine and then is carried over suitable squeeze rolls and drying cylinders. In dry condition it is wound onto a beam for use in weaving. In the loom the yarn sufficiently bonded to the yarn to provide adequate protection for the delicate filaments.

Taking as an example the difiiculties inherent in the selection of a suitable anti-static agent, the anti-static may be, for example, of such a nature that it is too readily "leached off the yarn by the. size solution, thus allowing the yarn to accumulate static charges in passing over the drying cylinders and in subsequent steps of the process. The oil may resist the absorption of the size, thus necessitating the use of high concentrations of gelatin in the size bath with resultant additional cost and increased operating difficulties. Again, the oil may provide a poor bond between the size and the yarn, making necessary the application of heavier coatings to obtain a given required resistance to abrasion. For example, one oil may absorb 4% size, on the weight of the yarn, from a bath of given concenill 'tration, while another oil which has a poorer size absorption may result in a coating of only 3% size from the same bath. This would require a stronger bath to give the desired 4% size. Furthermore one oil may absorb 4% size, for example, and have the necessary resistance to abrasion, while another may absorb an equal amount of the size coating, but give only half the required protection, thus requiring heavier application for eflicient weaving. It will thus be seen that the compounding of a suitable warp lubricant is a very complicated and difiicult matter when one takes into consideration all of the diiferent requirements such a lubricant has to fulfill in actual use and the necessary delicate balancing of one property against another. 35

This invention has as its principal object to provide an improved type of yarn-treating composition adapted for the treatment of synthetic warp yarns composed of or containing organic derivatives of cellulose such as cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate butyrate and the like. A further object is to provide a warp lubricant which is capable of simultaneously lubricating and deelectrifying synthetic warp yarns and is also capable of giving the yarn good size absorption and providing a strong bond between the size coating and the yarn. Other objects will appear hereinafter.

These objects are accomplished by the following invention which, in its broader aspects, comprises the compounding of a warp yarn lubricant by mixing or blending a low viscosity textile mineral oil, a suitable anti-static agent or agents and a sulfonated oil of certain critical charac- In the following examples and description I' have set forth several of the preferred embodi ments of my invention, but they are included merely for purposes of illustration and not as a limitation thereof.

Example I Parts White mineral oil (viscosity 50 sec. Saybolt at 100 F.) 50 Sulfonated olive oil S0: content 3.5% moisture content 9% 25 Triethanolamine salt of para toluene sulfonic acid Diethyl cyclohexylamine salt of sulfonated lauryl alc h l Oleyl alonhnl 5 Example If Parts White mineral oil (viscosity 50-75 sec.) 40 to Sulfonated olive oil (SO: content below 5%, moisture content not over 10%)-- 20 to 30' Diethanolamine salt of dimethyl hydroxymethyl phosphonic acid. Fatty acid or fatty alcohol Example III 5t025 OtolO Parts Sulfonated olive oil (SO: content 3.5%, mo

ture content 9%) 12 Monoethanolamine oleate 12 Pine oil alcohols 8 White mineral oil (50-60 sec. vis.) 62 Monoethanolamine phosphate 6 In the above examples I have referred to certain specific anti-static compounds. cated above, the compounds which I have found to be most suitable for the purposes of the present invention, of which the compounds mentioned in the examples are typical, are those described and claimed as anti-static agents in the copending application of J. R. Caldwell, Serial No. 114,085, filed December 3, 1936. The use of these compounds as anti-statics form no part of the present invention, except as they are used in combination with other ingredients herein specified, but are the invention of J. R. Caldwell. These particular compounds are formed by the interaction of an organic base such as an alkylamine, a substituted alkylamine, an alicyclic amine, an alkylolamine or an amine containing an ether linkage with a compound selected from the group consisting of the aromatic sulfonic acids, organic acids containing a cyclic ether and may contain other substituents in the nu-' As man cleus such as alkyl, hydroxyl and other groups. Among the compounds which have been found to be especially valuable are the salts formed by the interaction of the following: triethanolamine and benzene sulfonic acid, triethanolamine and toluene ,sulfonic acid, cyclohexylamine and ,paratoluene sulfonic acid, triethanolamine and sulfanilic acid, cyclohexylamine and sulfanilic acid, monoethanolamine and benzene sulfonic acid, monoethanolamine and toluene sulfonic acid, monoethanolamine and sulfanilic acid,

ethylenediamine and benzene sulfonic acid, ethylenediamine and para-toluene sulfonic acid,

monoethanolamine and Z-naphthanol-G-sulfonic acid, ethylenediamine and 2-naphthanol-6-sulfonic acid, ethylenediamine and sulfanilic acid,

'tetrahydrofurfurylamine and tetrahydrofuroic acid, cyclohexylamine acid, etc.

As indicated above, the specific sulfonic compounds just referred to are very soluble in water and tetrahydrofuroic and can be conveniently applied to the yarn,

either in the form of aqueous solutions or aqueous emulsions. However, these sulfonic acid salts are insoluble in oils and tend to separate from an oil-water mixture on the yarn and form another phase, this increasing the drag or friction of the lubricant.

Another class of compounds which are not only soluble in water, but also in mineral oils, animal or vegetable glycerides and low melting Waxes and which may be employed with even more satisfactory results than the water-soluble sulfonic compounds previously described includes the salts formed by reacting an acid with an amine, the acid or the amine, or both, containing in their molecular structure one or more oxygen atoms combined in a saturated or unsaturated ether linkage. For example, the class of compounds derivable from the furans is especially suitable as an oil-soluble type of anti-static lubricant, the furan or tetrahydrofuran residue when combined with an amino group to form a base, or with a carboxyl group to form an acid, greatly enhancing the solubility of the resulting salts in oils.

Although salts formed from furoic acid show appreciable solubility in oils, it is more desirable to employ tetrahydrofuroi'c acid, as the structure of the latter compound more nearly approaches that of an aliphatic ether, and hence shows a greater tendency to dissolve in oils. Likewise, in the case of amines, tetrahydrofurfurylamine possesses the property of forming oilsoluble salts with both furoic and tetrahydrofuroic acids. Acids and amines containing open chain ether residues may also be used to advantage, as for example, methoxypropionic acid, ethoxybutyric acid, and beta-ethoxy ethylamine. For compounds of this type it is preferable to have four or more carbon atoms in the ether residue. Acids and amines having a molecular structure which embodies two or more ether linkages are also useful, as for example, dioxane acetic acid and beta-dioxane ethylamine.

The anti-static compounds may, as indicated above, be formed by reacting an acid containing an ether linkage, with a base (amine) containing an ether linkage, giving tetrahydrofurfurylamine tetrahydrofuroate; an acid containing no ether linkage with an amine containing an ether linkage, giving tetrahydrofurfurylamine butyra'te; an amine containing no ether linkage and preferably six or more carbon atoms, with an acid containing an ether linkage, giving cyclohexylamine tetrahydrofuroate; an acid containing an unsaturated ether linkagewith an amine containing a saturated ether linkage, giving tetrahydrofurfurylamine furoate.

It is to be understood that the compositions illustrated in the above specific examples are employed in the form of aqueous emulsions. The concentration of a given composition in the emulsion may vary between wide limits but I prefer to employ aqueous emulsions containing from -20% of the oil component based on the total weight of the emulsion.

The amount oi the emulsion deposited on the yarn will also depend upon the particular type of yarn employed and the purpose for which the yarn is intended. For most warp yarns it is desirable to deposit a sumcient amount of the emulsion to give a residual oil content of 1% to 5%.

The emulsion may be deposited by any of the standard methods for applying yarn conditioning agents, suchas by wick, roll, or submersion application, or otherwise.

As will be evident from the above description, the emulsions herein described may be applied to a wide variety of synthetic warp yarns, but are particularly eifective in the conditioning of yarns composed of or containing organic acid esters of cellulose such as cellulose acetate. cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate butyrate and other single or mixed organic acid esters of cellulose as well as the cellulose ethers.

It should be emphasized that the eifectiveness of the above described compositions in fulfilling the rigid requirements of a warp lubricant as specified above is attributable to the specific combination of ingredients employed in the formulas and particularly and fundamentally to the particular type of sulfonated olive oil which is employed. I have found after extensive experimentation that only by the use of sulfonated oil containing not over 5% 80; and not over moisture can a satisfactory anti-static warp lubricant of the type herein specified be obtained.

What I claim is:

1. A textile lubricating composition adapted for the treatment of syntheticjwarp yarns composed of or containing organic acid esters of cellulose and capable of simultaneously lubricating and de-electrifying the warn and giving it the ability to absorb gelatin [sizing compositions and to form a strong bondbetween the yarn and the size, which comprises a textile mineral oil.

sizingoom'posiandto astrongbondbetw andtbesisawhlchcomprisesatextilemmand the organic acids containing an open chain ether residue.

4. The composition of claim 1 in which the anti-static component is a salt of an aliphatic amine and an organic sulfonic acid.

5. A textile lubricating composition adapted for the treatment of synthetic warp yarns composed of or containing organic acid esters of cellulose and capable of simultaneously lubricating and de-electrifying the yarn and giving it the ability to absorb gelatin sizing compositions and to form a strong bond between the yarn and the size, having the following formula:

Parts White mineral oil (viscosity 50 sec. Saybolt at 100 F.) Sulfonated olive oil (SO: content 3.5%, moisture content 9%)"--. 25 Triethanolamine salt of para toluene sulfonic acid Diethyl cyclohexylamine salt lauryl alonhnl 10 Oleyl alcohol 5 6. A textile lubricating composition adapted for the treatment of synthetic warp yarns composed of or containing organic acid esters of cellulose and capable of simultaneously lubri- 10 of sulfonated eating and de-electrifying the yarn and giving it the ability to absorb gelatin sizing compositions and to form a strong bond between the yarn and the size, having the following formula:

Parts White mineral oil (viscosity 50-75 sec.) 40 to 60 Sulfonated olive oil (80: content below 5%, moisture content not over 10%) to 30 Diethanolamine salt of dimethyl hydroxymethyl phosphonic acid. 5 to Fatty acid or fatty alcohol Oto 10 7. A textile lubricating composition adapted for the treatment. of synthetic warp yarns composed of or containing organic acid esters of cellulose and capable of simultaneously lubricating and de-electrifying the yarn and giving it the ability to absorb gelatin sizing compositions and to form a strong bond between the yarn and the size, having the following formula:

00 Sulfonated olive oil (80: content 3.5%,

moisture content 9%) l2 Monoethanolamine oleate 12 Pine oil alcohols 8 White mineral oil (-60 sec. vise.) 62 Monoothanolamine phosphate 8 WINDILL G. PAW.