US2190931A - Camshaft treating machine - Google Patents

Camshaft treating machine Download PDF

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US2190931A
US2190931A US249911A US24991139A US2190931A US 2190931 A US2190931 A US 2190931A US 249911 A US249911 A US 249911A US 24991139 A US24991139 A US 24991139A US 2190931 A US2190931 A US 2190931A
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camshaft
shaft
cams
machine
carriage
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US249911A
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Donald J Campbell
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Campbell Wyant and Cannon Foundry Co
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Campbell Wyant and Cannon Foundry Co
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/30Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for crankshafts; for camshafts

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  • This invention relates to a machine for the treatment of cast camshafts, or like articles, wherein the cams in the length of a camshaft are first heated to a relatively high temperature and immediately cooled, the result being a hardening of the cams to enable them to sustain the wear to which they are subjected in use.
  • the present invention has been used in the tempering and hardening of the cams of cast camshafts for -in- 1o ternal combustion engines, such as are used in large amounts in motor vehicles.
  • a camshaft in its length is equipped with cams for the control of both the intake and exhaust valves which are used to close the intake and exhaust ports to the cylinders of an engine, and which are lifted by the cams against the force of heavy springs and are returned to closing position by said springs, the cams operating against intervening tappets between them and the stems of. the valves with resultant wear upon the cam surfaces which must be of a wear resisting character, which the cast cams as they come from the foundry operation and after they have been machined to size do not have so as to be able to withstand such service without hardening.
  • cams may be fed to the machine one after the other at suitable regulated intervals, the cams heated for a so predetermined time to elevate the temperature to the desired degree, and immediately thereafter the heated cams on a camshaft are subjected to an application of mixed air and water vapor; and during the time that the cams of one shaft 3 are being thus cooled by the projection of air and water vapor thereagainst, the following camshaft is having its cams heated.
  • the camshafts are moved through the machine in a .step-bystep rotative movement, a camshaft at one of the it) intervals between consecutive steps of movement being heated and at the succeeding interval being cooled by the application of the cool air and water vapor. It is thereafter carried to an outlet, in the machine through which it passes and is -13 carried away.
  • the cams are cast from an alloy of cast iron in accordance with any so desired means of casting. First heating cams and then treating the same by directing a mixture of air and water vapor at a desired relatively low temperature has been found to be particularly effective to get a hardened wearing surface of 55 considerable depth without checks or cracking.
  • the invention consists in novel constructions and arrangements of parts and operations of the same for effectively attaining the hardening of the cams of camshafts as a substantially continuous process, with the result of greatly increased and more economical production.
  • Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a machine according to my invention, with some parts shown in section and other parts removed for a better disclosure of the structure.
  • Fig. 2 is an end elevation with some parts shown in section.
  • Fig. 3 is a vertical section from front to rear substantially on the plane of the line V--V of Fig. 1, looking in the direction indicated by the arrows.
  • Fig. 4 is a fragmentary enlarged view of one end of a camshaft of the type to be treated in the machine.
  • Fig. 5 is a fragmentary enlarged side elevation of a heating unit, one for each cam at the length of a camshaft, the camshaft in Fig. 5 being shown in transverse section.
  • Fig. 6 is a vertical section similar to Fig. l, the plane of the section being farther to the right than that of Fig. 3.
  • Fig.- 6a is a vertical-section and elevation similar to that shown in Fig. 6, illustrating a modification in structure.
  • Fig. 7 is an elevation with parts broken away and shown in section, illustrative of the Geneva mechanical movement by means of which the rotating cam carrying carriage is periodically moved in a step-by-step rotative movement, and
  • Fig. 8 is a vertical section therethrough, the section being in a plane at right angles to the elevation shown in Fig. 7.
  • the camshaft which is to be treated is an elon gated casting having a cylindrical body I from which at spaced apart intervals cams 2, substantially of the shape shown in Fig. 5, project radially and at different radial directions from the cylinder body; and there are interposed at the ends and in the length of the shaft between groups of cams, cylindrical bearing sections 3 for mounting in spaced apart bearings on the engine block.
  • the machine includes a stationary supported by vertical posts 6, all preferably of angle iron form in cross section.
  • the supporting horizontal frame comprised of the rails 4 and 5 adjacent opposite ends has castings 'I connected to and extending upwardly therefrom of a general circular outline except at the bottom where resting upon and connected to the supporting frame, such end castings I at their upper ends have projecting lugs through which a rod 8 extends with nuts threaded onto the ends of the 'rod and with an elongated tubular sleeve 9 between said lugs, thereby providing a rigid structure.
  • the upper portion of the machine is covered with a sheet inetal hood I0 having an outlet Illa (Fig. 1) for drawing ofi products of combustion and the air and water vapor which are produced in the operation of the machine.
  • a shaft II extends between and through suitable bearings in the end supports 1, and is covered by a surrounding sleeve I2 loose thereon.
  • the sleeve I2 adjacent its opposite ends carries heads I3 and I4, one for example at the right hand end of the machine, as in Fig. 1, and the other at the left.
  • the heads are of substantially the same structure, generally of a circular form having radially extending bosses, eight in number as in the disclosure made, on each of which bosses a disk I5 is mounted for rotation by means of a short stub shaft I6 which passes through each of the equally spaced bosses and is rotatably mounted thereon.
  • the disks I5 extend toward each other, the stub shafts I6 being horizontal and parallel to the axis of the shaft II.
  • the shafts I6 are equipped with pinions I1 which are in meshing engagement with a gear carried on the shaft I I, whereby when shaft II is driven all of the disks I5 carried by the head I4 are rotated.
  • An electric motor I8 is mounted on a suitable supporting platform I9 (Fig. 1) below the horizontal frame 4, 5, its shaft having a drive pulley thereon in the same vertical plane with a driven pulley 2
  • An endless belt 22 around the pulleys 20 and 2I causes shaft II to be continuously driven by the motor I8 when it is operated. With this construction with the motor I8 running, shaft II will continuously rotate, the sleeve I2 on which the heads I3 and I4 are secured will remain stationary, and the disks I5 carriedby the head I4 at one end of the machine will be continuously rotated.
  • a drive pulley 23 is secured having an endless belt' 24 therearound which also passes around a driven pulley 25 secured at the outer end of a short horizontal shaft 26 mounted immediately below the frame 4, 5.
  • Shaft 26 carries a worm 21 (Figs. '7 and 8) which drives a worm wheel 21a secured upon a countershaft 34, being recessed or notched at four equally spaced apart points with concave arcuate peripheral sections between the notches or recesses, the radius of curvature of which is thesame as the radius of curvature of the disk 28.
  • the shaft '34 adjacent its front end is equipped with a relatively large gear 35 in meshing engagement with a pinion 36 (Fig. '7) fixed on a third countershaft 31.
  • the rotation of the shaft 34 through one-quarter of a revolution causes a complete rotation of the pinion 36 and of the shaft 31.
  • the shafts 29, 34,31 andthe gearing mounted thereon are suitably mounted upon and carried within an enclosing housing as shown in Fig. 8.
  • a crank arm 38 is fixed to said shaft.
  • a vertical pitman 39 is pivotally secured. at its lower end and at its upper end has a pivotal connection to the lower end of a rod 40 mounted for vertical reciprocation.
  • the rod 40 extends upwardly above the supporting frame 4, 5 and is guided in a suitable guide sleeve. thereon, as shown in Fig. 6, and at its upper end carries a dog 4I pivotally mounted at one end thereon and spring impelled inwardly normally so that the free end of the dog engages a ratchet wheel 42 mounted upon the sleeve I2.
  • a second ratchet wheel 43 adjacent the ratchet wheel 42 is also fixed to the sleeve I2 and is adapted to be engaged by a second dog 44, spring actuated by spring 45.
  • the rod 46 has a yoke at its upper end, between the arms of which dog 4I is located and mounted, and the dog 44 has a tail piece 41 which extends underneath a shoulder provided at one side of the.yoke whereby on downward movement of the rod 40 from the position shown in Fig. 6, the tail piece 41 is engaged and dog 44 moved counterclockwise to disengage from the ratchet Wheel 43, thus permitting the dog H to move downward to connect with the next lower notch of the ratchet wheel 42.
  • the dog 44 is loosely mounted upon a horizontal rock shaft 48 which extends lengthwise of and is suitably mounted and carried by the supporting frame.
  • a bell crank lever having diverging upwardly extending arms 45 and'5ll is mounted on said shaft 48.
  • the arm 50 at its free end is equipped with a roller
  • a plurality of pins 52 extend from the head l4 inwardly, and as said head is moved oneeighth of a revolution by the step-by-step movement described, a pin engages the roller 5
  • a link 53 is pivotally connected at its lower end to the free end of arm 48 and at its upper end substantially at the middle of one bar 54 of a parallel bar arrangement, the second upper parallel bar being shown at 55.
  • Both bars 54 and i 55 at their forward ends are pivotally connected to a sheet metal shield 56.
  • the upper bar 55 at its rear end is pivotally supported on a pivot 51 and a link 58 paralleling the shield 56 connects the rear ends of the said bars 54 and 55.
  • a camshaft for example the one shown at the left in Fig. 3, may be moved to the next position on the one-eighth revolution of the camshaft carriage to a location in the rear of the normal position of the shield 56, moving to such position while the shield is lowered.
  • the return of the shield 56 to its normal upper position, shown in Fig. 3, is accomplished by a spring.
  • extends downwardly from the knuckle of the bell crank lever and through the lower end of the arm a headed rod 62 passes, pivot-ally and slidably mounted at its outer or forward end on a swivel block 63.
  • is compressed on the clockwise movement of the bell crank lever and when freed for return after a pin 52 has engaged with and passed from the roller 5
  • a rock shaft 65 extends between and is mounted for rocking movement at its ends on the frame members 1. End and intermediate arms 66 secured at their lower ends to the rock shaft 65 extend upwardly and at their upper ends carry a horizontal rod 61 parallel to and in front of the shaft II. On the rock shaft 65 toward each end thereof but within the heads I3 and H a lever is secured having an upwardly extending arm 68, upon which a roller 69 is mounted at its upper end, and a downwardly extending arm through the lower end portion of which a headed rod 1
  • Each of said heating units includes a body 13 with a clamp 14 for clamping the same on the rod 61.
  • the body 13 has a passage for fuel which at its upper end communicates with passages through diverging pipes which, near their free ends, are turned inwardly toward each other and terminate in nozzles 16 positioned so as to direct flame against the.
  • Fuel is carried through flexible conduits 11. It will be noted that on the counterclockwise rotation of the rock shaft 65, the rollers 69 are moved outwardly and the heating units are likewise carried outwardly. The rollers 69 during the times when.
  • camshaft carriage is at rest and while the camshaft which has just been introduced into the machine is being heated, bear against parts 3 of such camshaft, as shown in Fig. 3. But when the camshaft carriage is to be turned the one step of one-eighth of a revolution, rollers 69 are movedaway from the camshaft with which engaged, permitting it to be moved onto'the next position in the machine and permitting the carriage to. take a position where it may receive a camshaft from the outside to be carried between the next consecutive pairs of disks l5.
  • the camshafts which are to be treated are located one back of the other on an inclined feed table which may comprise a plurality of bars 18 extending forwardly and upwardly away from the front of the machine, the front end of said bars terminating a short distance within the lower edge of the hood l0 (Figs. 3 and 6).
  • the bars together with cross rods 19, Fig. 6, provide a rigid frame down which the camshafts. to be treated roll by gravity.
  • a rock shaft 80 extends through the delivery end portions of the inclined bars 18 and in its length carries curved fingers 8
  • An arm 83 is secured to the shaft 80 extending downwardly and forwardly, and at its lower end carries a weight 84, the normal tendency of which is to rock shaft 80 counterclockwise and lift the fingers 8
  • are lowered below the upper edges of the bars 18 while the fingers 82 are lifted and hold the next to the lowermost'camshaft from following the lowermost camshaft into the machine. Then when the shaft 80 returns to its'original position the next succeeding camshaft rolls bygravity downward until stopped by the then outwardly extending fingers 8
  • a cab1e'85 is con- ,nected to the arm 83 between the ends of said arm, runs upwardly and forwardly over an idle pulley 86 and thence downwardly to the rod with which it is connected, whereby on the downward movement of the rod 40, shaft B is rocked in a, clockwise direction to release the lowermost camshaft on the inclined feed bar 18 for entrance to the machine.
  • a horizontal rod 81 is longitudinally mounted, carried by the end frame members I, from which arms 88 extend upwardly.
  • Rollers 89 are mounted at the upper ends of the arms 88, which arms may be impelled forwardly by springs.
  • the head M has a plurality of outwardly extending lugs 91 betweenzconsecutive bosses which carry the disks [5, on each of which a locating and adjusting screw 92 is mounted, against the end of which one end of the camshafts entering the machine are adapted to be positioned to properly locate the various cams 2 with reference to the heatingnozzies Hi.
  • a camshaft enters the machine in accord ance with the hereinbefore described operation, it is engaged by consecutive disks l5 at each end of the camshaft carriage and after entrance is pressed against adjacent its ends by the rollers 69.
  • the disks l5 rotating continuously, the canishafts are continuously rotated.
  • the flame from the nozzles 16 is directed against the cams and all portions around the shaft in the same planes with the cams. Such heating continues for a period of time or until the shaft 29 makes a complete revolution. Thcreupon all of the several series of operations described take place in proper order.
  • the rod 40 is reciprocated. the camshaft carriage is rotated one step, the shield 56 is withdrawn, the rollers 69 are moved outwardly. the heating 'units are moved downwardly and outwardly and the shaft 83 is rocked to lower the retaining fingers 8
  • the cold camshaft which has come into the machine is thereupon heated while the shaft with thcheated cams is rapidly cooled and the temperature very rapidly lowered with a resulting hardening of the cams.
  • the shield at 56 prevents the cooling medium from interfering with the proper heating of the cams of the shaft which is being heated, and also interposes in the path of heated products of combustion going to the heated cams which are being cooled.
  • the shaft-s which have been thus treated are retained in the machine until three succeeding steps of operation have been performed and are thereupon delivered to the table 90.
  • the mechanism is timed in conjunction with the heating elements. so that a camshaft which is being simultaneously turned about its longitudinal axis and the cams thereon heated, is held in a position to be heated sufficiently long that the cams will receive a temperature producing a red heat which may approximate 1100, 1200 or 1300 F.
  • the temperature of-the cooling fluid which. preferably, comprises air carrying water vapor will be approximately 80' F. These temperatures both for the heating of the cams and of the cooling fluid may be subject to some variation. The quantity of water vapor carried by the air may also be varied if desired for obtaining different hardening effects.
  • the cams of a shaft ⁇ vl'iich have been heated are subjected to the projection of the cooling fluid thereagainst for the same length of time that the next succeeding shaft is being heated, whereby the heated cams become completely cooled.
  • a movably mounted camshaft carriage adapted to carry a number of camshafts spaced apart from each other on said carriage, means for periodically moving said carriage in step-by-step movements with rest intervals between steps ,of movement.
  • means for delivering a single camshaft to the carriage at each step of movement thereof means for heating the cams on a shaft immediately after its delivery to the carriage and during a rest interval of said carriage, means for simultaneously projecting a cooling fluid against the heated cams of the immediately previously heated camshaft, and movable means extending between the camshafts which are being simultaneously heated and cooled to guard the one from thcheating means and the other from the cooling means, combined with means for automatically withdrawing said guarding means during the periods of movement of the carriage.
  • a movable camshaft receiving carriagc means for moving said carriage in step-by-step movements with intervals of rest between steps of movement, an inclined way having its lower end adjacent the carriage, a plurality of camshafts being adapted to be placed on said way one behind the other to move by gravity to said carriage, a rock shaft at the lower end of the way, fingers on said shaft normally extending into the path of movement of said camshafts on the way to hold them from leaving said way, means in operative timed relation with the carriage moving means for rocking said rock'shaft to move said fingers out of normal position and free'the lowermost camshaft whereby it may leave the way and be delivered to said carriage, other fingers on said rock shaft moved by said rocking movement into the path of movement of the next succeeding camshaft on the way, means for heating a camshaft after delivery to the carriage and during an interval of rest thereof, and means for cooling the heated cams on said camshaft at a succeeding rest position of the carriage and
  • a movable camshaft receiving carriage means for moving said carriage in step-by-step movements with intervals of rest between means for delivering a camshaft to the carriage at each step of movement thereof, means for heating cams on a camshaft after delivery to said carriage and during an interval of.rest, means for cooling heated cams on said camshaft at a succeeding rest position of the carriage and camshaft, a shield normally extending between a shaft which is beingheated and a shaft which is steps of movements,

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
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  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Description

Feb. 20, 1940. D. J. CAMPBELL CAMSHAFT TREATING MACHINE Filed Jan 9, 1939 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 Sum/w g Feb. 20, 1940. D. J. CAMPBELL CAMSHAFT TREATING MACHINE Filed Jan. 9, 1939 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 Erica/wen) Feb. 20, 1940. 0. J. CAMPBELL 2,190,931
' CAMSHAFT TREATING MACHINE Filed Jan. 9, 1939 6 Sheets-$heet 4 mm m 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 D. J. CAMPBELL CAMSHAFT TREATING MACHINE Filed Jab. 9, 1959 A W m Dav/14 0 J [241F554 4 Feb.
Feb; 20,1940. 0. J. CAMPBELL CAMSHAFT TREATING MACHINE 6 Sheets-Sheetfi Filed Jan. 9, 1939 Patented Feb. 20, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT DFFICE tawa County, Mich.,
assignor to Campbell,
Wyant & Cannon Foundry Company, M uskegon Heights, Mich, a corporation of Michigan Application January 9.
4 Claims.
This invention relates to a machine for the treatment of cast camshafts, or like articles, wherein the cams in the length of a camshaft are first heated to a relatively high temperature and immediately cooled, the result being a hardening of the cams to enable them to sustain the wear to which they are subjected in use. The present invention has been used in the tempering and hardening of the cams of cast camshafts for -in- 1o ternal combustion engines, such as are used in large amounts in motor vehicles. A camshaft in its length is equipped with cams for the control of both the intake and exhaust valves which are used to close the intake and exhaust ports to the cylinders of an engine, and which are lifted by the cams against the force of heavy springs and are returned to closing position by said springs, the cams operating against intervening tappets between them and the stems of. the valves with resultant wear upon the cam surfaces which must be of a wear resisting character, which the cast cams as they come from the foundry operation and after they have been machined to size do not have so as to be able to withstand such service without hardening.
With my invention it is a primary object and purpose to produce a machine in which cams may be fed to the machine one after the other at suitable regulated intervals, the cams heated for a so predetermined time to elevate the temperature to the desired degree, and immediately thereafter the heated cams on a camshaft are subjected to an application of mixed air and water vapor; and during the time that the cams of one shaft 3 are being thus cooled by the projection of air and water vapor thereagainst, the following camshaft is having its cams heated. The camshafts are moved through the machine in a .step-bystep rotative movement, a camshaft at one of the it) intervals between consecutive steps of movement being heated and at the succeeding interval being cooled by the application of the cool air and water vapor. It is thereafter carried to an outlet, in the machine through which it passes and is -13 carried away. With my invention a high quan tity production in the temperingand hardening treatment of the cams is obtained with resultant economy of manufacture. The cams are cast from an alloy of cast iron in accordance with any so desired means of casting. First heating cams and then treating the same by directing a mixture of air and water vapor at a desired relatively low temperature has been found to be particularly effective to get a hardened wearing surface of 55 considerable depth without checks or cracking.
1939, Serial No. 249,911
The invention consists in novel constructions and arrangements of parts and operations of the same for effectively attaining the hardening of the cams of camshafts as a substantially continuous process, with the result of greatly increased and more economical production.
The invention may he understood from the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a machine according to my invention, with some parts shown in section and other parts removed for a better disclosure of the structure.
Fig. 2 is an end elevation with some parts shown in section.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section from front to rear substantially on the plane of the line V--V of Fig. 1, looking in the direction indicated by the arrows.
Fig. 4 is a fragmentary enlarged view of one end of a camshaft of the type to be treated in the machine.
Fig. 5 is a fragmentary enlarged side elevation of a heating unit, one for each cam at the length of a camshaft, the camshaft in Fig. 5 being shown in transverse section.
Fig. 6 is a vertical section similar to Fig. l, the plane of the section being farther to the right than that of Fig. 3.
Fig.- 6a is a vertical-section and elevation similar to that shown in Fig. 6, illustrating a modification in structure. A
Fig. 7 is an elevation with parts broken away and shown in section, illustrative of the Geneva mechanical movement by means of which the rotating cam carrying carriage is periodically moved in a step-by-step rotative movement, and
Fig. 8 is a vertical section therethrough, the section being in a plane at right angles to the elevation shown in Fig. 7.
Like reference characters refer to like parts in the different figures of the drawings.
The camshaft which is to be treated is an elon gated casting having a cylindrical body I from which at spaced apart intervals cams 2, substantially of the shape shown in Fig. 5, project radially and at different radial directions from the cylinder body; and there are interposed at the ends and in the length of the shaft between groups of cams, cylindrical bearing sections 3 for mounting in spaced apart bearings on the engine block. The machine includes a stationary supported by vertical posts 6, all preferably of angle iron form in cross section. The supporting horizontal frame comprised of the rails 4 and 5 adjacent opposite ends has castings 'I connected to and extending upwardly therefrom of a general circular outline except at the bottom where resting upon and connected to the supporting frame, such end castings I at their upper ends have projecting lugs through which a rod 8 extends with nuts threaded onto the ends of the 'rod and with an elongated tubular sleeve 9 between said lugs, thereby providing a rigid structure. The upper portion of the machine is covered with a sheet inetal hood I0 having an outlet Illa (Fig. 1) for drawing ofi products of combustion and the air and water vapor which are produced in the operation of the machine.
A shaft II extends between and through suitable bearings in the end supports 1, and is covered by a surrounding sleeve I2 loose thereon. The sleeve I2 adjacent its opposite ends carries heads I3 and I4, one for example at the right hand end of the machine, as in Fig. 1, and the other at the left. The heads are of substantially the same structure, generally of a circular form having radially extending bosses, eight in number as in the disclosure made, on each of which bosses a disk I5 is mounted for rotation by means of a short stub shaft I6 which passes through each of the equally spaced bosses and is rotatably mounted thereon. The disks I5 extend toward each other, the stub shafts I6 being horizontal and parallel to the axis of the shaft II. At one end of the machine, the left hand end in Fig. 1, the shafts I6 are equipped with pinions I1 which are in meshing engagement with a gear carried on the shaft I I, whereby when shaft II is driven all of the disks I5 carried by the head I4 are rotated.
An electric motor I8 is mounted on a suitable supporting platform I9 (Fig. 1) below the horizontal frame 4, 5, its shaft having a drive pulley thereon in the same vertical plane with a driven pulley 2| at one end of the shaft l I. An endless belt 22 around the pulleys 20 and 2I causes shaft II to be continuously driven by the motor I8 when it is operated. With this construction with the motor I8 running, shaft II will continuously rotate, the sleeve I2 on which the heads I3 and I4 are secured will remain stationary, and the disks I5 carriedby the head I4 at one end of the machine will be continuously rotated. When a camshaft is located lengthwise of and between the two heads I3 and I4 and has its end cylindrical bearing enlargements 3 lying between and bearing upon two adjacent disks I5, the camshaft will be rotated through the ro tating contact of the disks I5 carried by the head I4 and the other disks I5 carried by the head l3 will be rotated by the camshaft.
At the opposite end of shaft II a drive pulley 23 is secured having an endless belt' 24 therearound which also passes around a driven pulley 25 secured at the outer end of a short horizontal shaft 26 mounted immediately below the frame 4, 5. Shaft 26 carries a worm 21 (Figs. '7 and 8) which drives a worm wheel 21a secured upon a countershaft 34, being recessed or notched at four equally spaced apart points with concave arcuate peripheral sections between the notches or recesses, the radius of curvature of which is thesame as the radius of curvature of the disk 28. This provides the well-known Geneva mechanical movement, it being evident that with each rotation of the shaft 29 a notch or recess in the star wheel 31 receives the pin 32 and the star wheel is turned one-quarter of a revolution and thereupon turns the shaft 34 through an arc of 90.
The shaft '34 adjacent its front end is equipped with a relatively large gear 35 in meshing engagement with a pinion 36 (Fig. '7) fixed on a third countershaft 31. The rotation of the shaft 34 through one-quarter of a revolution causes a complete rotation of the pinion 36 and of the shaft 31. It isto be understood that the shafts 29, 34,31 andthe gearing mounted thereon are suitably mounted upon and carried within an enclosing housing as shown in Fig. 8.
At the front end of the shaft 31 and in front of said housing a crank arm 38 is fixed to said shaft. At'a distance outward on the arm 38 a vertical pitman 39 is pivotally secured. at its lower end and at its upper end has a pivotal connection to the lower end of a rod 40 mounted for vertical reciprocation. The rod 40 extends upwardly above the supporting frame 4, 5 and is guided in a suitable guide sleeve. thereon, as shown in Fig. 6, and at its upper end carries a dog 4I pivotally mounted at one end thereon and spring impelled inwardly normally so that the free end of the dog engages a ratchet wheel 42 mounted upon the sleeve I2. A second ratchet wheel 43 adjacent the ratchet wheel 42 is also fixed to the sleeve I2 and is adapted to be engaged by a second dog 44, spring actuated by spring 45. The rod 46 has a yoke at its upper end, between the arms of which dog 4I is located and mounted, and the dog 44 has a tail piece 41 which extends underneath a shoulder provided at one side of the.yoke whereby on downward movement of the rod 40 from the position shown in Fig. 6, the tail piece 41 is engaged and dog 44 moved counterclockwise to disengage from the ratchet Wheel 43, thus permitting the dog H to move downward to connect with the next lower notch of the ratchet wheel 42. On the upward movement of the rod 40, dog 4I having engaged against the next lowermost ratchet tooth, disk 42 is rotated one step and disk 43' is engaged by the retaining dog .44, at the end of rapidly rotating shaft II, the reduction in speed being accomplished by the worm gearing 21 and 21a. Therefore, the sleeve I2, heads I3 and I4 and the disks I5 carrying the camshafts to be treated will remain in a relatively stationary position and ,will have no movement except the rotative movement imparted to the disks and through them to the camshafts. But, periodically, there will be a partial rotative movement of the cam carriage which is provided by sleeve I2, heads I3, I4 and the like amounting to one-eighth of a complete rotation at each step. The ratchet dogs 42 and 43 carry eight equally spaced apart teeth, there are eight disks I5 on the heads I3 and I4 in the disclosure made, and the periodic step-by-step rotation of the camshaft carriage at predetermined intervals of time is through one-eighth of a. complete rotation of said carriage.
The dog 44 is loosely mounted upon a horizontal rock shaft 48 which extends lengthwise of and is suitably mounted and carried by the supporting frame. A bell crank lever having diverging upwardly extending arms 45 and'5ll is mounted on said shaft 48. The arm 50 at its free end is equipped with a roller A plurality of pins 52, eight in number, extend from the head l4 inwardly, and as said head is moved oneeighth of a revolution by the step-by-step movement described, a pin engages the roller 5| and rocks the bell crank lever in a clockwise direction. A link 53 is pivotally connected at its lower end to the free end of arm 48 and at its upper end substantially at the middle of one bar 54 of a parallel bar arrangement, the second upper parallel bar being shown at 55. Both bars 54 and i 55 at their forward ends are pivotally connected to a sheet metal shield 56. The upper bar 55 at its rear end is pivotally supported on a pivot 51 and a link 58 paralleling the shield 56 connects the rear ends of the said bars 54 and 55. On the clockwise movement of the bell crank lever the shield 56 is drawn downwardly and toward a horizontal position and is thus moved out of the way, whereby a camshaft, for example the one shown at the left in Fig. 3, may be moved to the next position on the one-eighth revolution of the camshaft carriage to a location in the rear of the normal position of the shield 56, moving to such position while the shield is lowered. A nozzle 59 through which air carrying water va-' por may be forced under pressure and of the shape shown in Fig.3, has its upper portion immediately back of the shield 56 and is provided with a series of outlet openings 60 at its upper side immediately below the camshaft, which after it has been heated in its first position in the machine, is carried to the second position directly over the openings 66, and has projected against its heated portions the mixed air and vapor through said openings 80.
The return of the shield 56 to its normal upper position, shown in Fig. 3, is accomplished by a spring. An arm 6| extends downwardly from the knuckle of the bell crank lever and through the lower end of the arm a headed rod 62 passes, pivot-ally and slidably mounted at its outer or forward end on a swivel block 63. A coiled compression spring 64 between the block and the arm 6| is compressed on the clockwise movement of the bell crank lever and when freed for return after a pin 52 has engaged with and passed from the roller 5|, spring 64 expands and returns the parts to their normal position, as in Fig. 3.
A rock shaft 65 extends between and is mounted for rocking movement at its ends on the frame members 1. End and intermediate arms 66 secured at their lower ends to the rock shaft 65 extend upwardly and at their upper ends carry a horizontal rod 61 parallel to and in front of the shaft II. On the rock shaft 65 toward each end thereof but within the heads I3 and H a lever is secured having an upwardly extending arm 68, upon which a roller 69 is mounted at its upper end, and a downwardly extending arm through the lower end portion of which a headed rod 1| passes, being mounted at its inner end on the the pin which has engaged the operating arm 65a has passed by the end of the arm.
Along the length of the rod 61 a plurality of heating units are secured, one for each of the cams in the length of the camshaft to be heated. Each of said heating units (Figs. 3 and 5) includes a body 13 with a clamp 14 for clamping the same on the rod 61. The body 13 has a passage for fuel which at its upper end communicates with passages through diverging pipes which, near their free ends, are turned inwardly toward each other and terminate in nozzles 16 positioned so as to direct flame against the.
cams 2 on .the camshaft I when the parts are in their normal position, shown in Fig. 4. Fuel is carried through flexible conduits 11. It will be noted that on the counterclockwise rotation of the rock shaft 65, the rollers 69 are moved outwardly and the heating units are likewise carried outwardly. The rollers 69 during the times when.
the camshaft carriage is at rest and while the camshaft which has just been introduced into the machine is being heated, bear against parts 3 of such camshaft, as shown in Fig. 3. But when the camshaft carriage is to be turned the one step of one-eighth of a revolution, rollers 69 are movedaway from the camshaft with which engaged, permitting it to be moved onto'the next position in the machine and permitting the carriage to. take a position where it may receive a camshaft from the outside to be carried between the next consecutive pairs of disks l5.
The camshafts which are to be treated are located one back of the other on an inclined feed table which may comprise a plurality of bars 18 extending forwardly and upwardly away from the front of the machine, the front end of said bars terminating a short distance within the lower edge of the hood l0 (Figs. 3 and 6). The bars together with cross rods 19, Fig. 6, provide a rigid frame down which the camshafts. to be treated roll by gravity. A rock shaft 80 extends through the delivery end portions of the inclined bars 18 and in its length carries curved fingers 8| and 82 which extend opposite eachother but at their ends are both curved upwardly. An arm 83 is secured to the shaft 80 extending downwardly and forwardly, and at its lower end carries a weight 84, the normal tendency of which is to rock shaft 80 counterclockwise and lift the fingers 8| into a position to interpose in the path of movement of the camshafts and hold the lowermost camshaft from entering the machine until shaft 88 is rocked in an opposite direction. When rocked in the opposite direction the fingers 8| are lowered below the upper edges of the bars 18 while the fingers 82 are lifted and hold the next to the lowermost'camshaft from following the lowermost camshaft into the machine. Then when the shaft 80 returns to its'original position the next succeeding camshaft rolls bygravity downward until stopped by the then outwardly extending fingers 8|. A cab1e'85 is con- ,nected to the arm 83 between the ends of said arm, runs upwardly and forwardly over an idle pulley 86 and thence downwardly to the rod with which it is connected, whereby on the downward movement of the rod 40, shaft B is rocked in a, clockwise direction to release the lowermost camshaft on the inclined feed bar 18 for entrance to the machine.
At the rear of the machine and at the outlet end of the hood ID a horizontal rod 81 is longitudinally mounted, carried by the end frame members I, from which arms 88 extend upwardly. Rollers 89 are mounted at the upper ends of the arms 88, which arms may be impelled forwardly by springs. Thus the rearmost camshaft retained in the machine will be held in position and not drop out of the machine until the camshaft carriage has been rotated an additional step to carry said camshaft past the rollers 89 whereupon the shaft is dropped upon a downwardly and rearwardly inclined table 90 down which it rolls away from the machine.
The head M, as shown in Fig. i, has a plurality of outwardly extending lugs 91 betweenzconsecutive bosses which carry the disks [5, on each of which a locating and adjusting screw 92 is mounted, against the end of which one end of the camshafts entering the machine are adapted to be positioned to properly locate the various cams 2 with reference to the heatingnozzies Hi. When a camshaft enters the machine in accord ance with the hereinbefore described operation, it is engaged by consecutive disks l5 at each end of the camshaft carriage and after entrance is pressed against adjacent its ends by the rollers 69. The disks l5 rotating continuously, the canishafts are continuously rotated. The flame from the nozzles 16 is directed against the cams and all portions around the shaft in the same planes with the cams. Such heating continues for a period of time or until the shaft 29 makes a complete revolution. Thcreupon all of the several series of operations described take place in proper order. The rod 40 is reciprocated. the camshaft carriage is rotated one step, the shield 56 is withdrawn, the rollers 69 are moved outwardly. the heating 'units are moved downwardly and outwardly and the shaft 83 is rocked to lower the retaining fingers 8| whereupon the camshaft which has been heated is moved to the second stage or directly over the opening 60 in the air and water vapor ejecting housing 59, and a new camshaft enters the machine for heating. The cold camshaft which has come into the machine is thereupon heated while the shaft with thcheated cams is rapidly cooled and the temperature very rapidly lowered with a resulting hardening of the cams. The shield at 56 prevents the cooling medium from interfering with the proper heating of the cams of the shaft which is being heated, and also interposes in the path of heated products of combustion going to the heated cams which are being cooled. The shaft-s which have been thus treated are retained in the machine until three succeeding steps of operation have been performed and are thereupon delivered to the table 90.
The mechanism is timed in conjunction with the heating elements. so that a camshaft which is being simultaneously turned about its longitudinal axis and the cams thereon heated, is held in a position to be heated sufficiently long that the cams will receive a temperature producing a red heat which may approximate 1100, 1200 or 1300 F. The temperature of-the cooling fluid which. preferably, comprises air carrying water vapor will be approximately 80' F. These temperatures both for the heating of the cams and of the cooling fluid may be subject to some variation. The quantity of water vapor carried by the air may also be varied if desired for obtaining different hardening effects. The cams of a shaft \vl'iich have been heated are subjected to the projection of the cooling fluid thereagainst for the same length of time that the next succeeding shaft is being heated, whereby the heated cams become completely cooled.
With the machine as described, rapid hardening treatment of the cams of camshafts is accomplished with a resultant high quantity production. It is of course to be understood that many changes and variations in constructive detail may be resorted to without departing from the invention.
'And while the camshaft carriage in the disclosure made rotates one-eighth of a complete rotation at each step of movement and, therefore, the ratchet wheels are equipped with eight teeth and the machine is otherwise designed to correspond, the invention is the same should the step-by-step movement be of a lesser or greater degree, the number of steps of movement required to make a complete revolution not being necessarily or essentially restricted to eight. Various other changes in design or detail of construction may be resorted to without departing from the invention which is defined in the appended claims. All forms of structure coming within the scope of the claims are to be considered as comprehended by my invention. a
I claim:
1. In a machine of the class described, a movably mounted camshaft carriage adapted to carry a number of camshafts spaced apart from each other on said carriage, means for periodically moving said carriage in step-by-step movements with rest intervals between steps ,of movement. means for delivering a single camshaft to the carriage at each step of movement thereof, means for heating the cams on a shaft immediately after its delivery to the carriage and during a rest interval of said carriage, means for simultaneously projecting a cooling fluid against the heated cams of the immediately previously heated camshaft, and movable means extending between the camshafts which are being simultaneously heated and cooled to guard the one from thcheating means and the other from the cooling means, combined with means for automatically withdrawing said guarding means during the periods of movement of the carriage.
2. In a machine of the class described, a movable camshaft receiving carriagc, means for moving said carriage in step-by-step movements with intervals of rest between steps of movement, an inclined way having its lower end adjacent the carriage, a plurality of camshafts being adapted to be placed on said way one behind the other to move by gravity to said carriage, a rock shaft at the lower end of the way, fingers on said shaft normally extending into the path of movement of said camshafts on the way to hold them from leaving said way, means in operative timed relation with the carriage moving means for rocking said rock'shaft to move said fingers out of normal position and free'the lowermost camshaft whereby it may leave the way and be delivered to said carriage, other fingers on said rock shaft moved by said rocking movement into the path of movement of the next succeeding camshaft on the way, means for heating a camshaft after delivery to the carriage and during an interval of rest thereof, and means for cooling the heated cams on said camshaft at a succeeding rest position of the carriage and camshaft after heating.
3. In a machine of the class described, a movable camshaft receiving carriage, means for moving said carriage in step-by-step movements with intervals of rest between means for delivering a camshaft to the carriage at each step of movement thereof, means for heating cams on a camshaft after delivery to said carriage and during an interval of.rest, means for cooling heated cams on said camshaft at a succeeding rest position of the carriage and camshaft, a shield normally extending between a shaft which is beingheated and a shaft which is steps of movements,
being cooled, and means in operative timed re lation with the carriage moving means for autostep movements of the carriage.
DONALD J. CAIMPZBEZIZJJ.
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3294599A (en) * 1963-07-30 1966-12-27 Smith Corp A O Method and apparatus for heat treating low carbon steel
US3494604A (en) * 1966-03-08 1970-02-10 Aeg Elotherm Gmbh Apparatus for inductively heating parts of cylindrical workpieces
US3648995A (en) * 1969-12-12 1972-03-14 Park Ohio Industries Inc Apparatus for inductively heating an elongated workpiece

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3294599A (en) * 1963-07-30 1966-12-27 Smith Corp A O Method and apparatus for heat treating low carbon steel
US3494604A (en) * 1966-03-08 1970-02-10 Aeg Elotherm Gmbh Apparatus for inductively heating parts of cylindrical workpieces
US3648995A (en) * 1969-12-12 1972-03-14 Park Ohio Industries Inc Apparatus for inductively heating an elongated workpiece

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