US2187388A - Working fluid for refrigerating apparatus - Google Patents

Working fluid for refrigerating apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US2187388A
US2187388A US39453A US3945335A US2187388A US 2187388 A US2187388 A US 2187388A US 39453 A US39453 A US 39453A US 3945335 A US3945335 A US 3945335A US 2187388 A US2187388 A US 2187388A
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United States
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
working fluid
castor oil
lubricant
fluid
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US39453A
Inventor
Harry M Williams
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Motors Liquidation Co
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Motors Liquidation Co
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Publication date
Application filed by Motors Liquidation Co filed Critical Motors Liquidation Co
Priority to US39453A priority Critical patent/US2187388A/en
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Publication of US2187388A publication Critical patent/US2187388A/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
    • C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
    • C10M171/008—Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/10—Components
    • C09K2205/102—Alcohols

Definitions

  • This invention relates to refrigeration and more particularly to working fluids for refrigerating apparatus having" working parts requiring lubrication within a refrigerant circuit.
  • Refrigerating apparatus has been delt signed for use with such a worlrine; fluid and dil flculties are often encountered with such re Irigerating systems when such working fluids are not used.
  • non-toxic, non-inflammable refrigerant such as one of the the aliphatic hydrocarlions such as the familiar difluorodichloro-meth one and the tetrafluorodichloro-ethane
  • diflt culty has been encountered because of the fact that mineral oil is completely proficient in all proportions with this class oi. refrigerants.
  • non tonic, non-inflammable war-hing fluids for reirleerating systems having lubricants which are whtolly or partially immiscible with the refrigeran ore specifically it is an object of my invention to provide a working fluid containing one of the derivatives of aliphatic hydrocarbons, for example, difluorodichloro-methane or-tetrafluorodichloro-ethane with a lubricant where is wholly or partially immiscible therewith.
  • I employ dii'luorodichloro-methane and caster oil as a work:- inc huid or charge for a refrigerating system.
  • iese two fluids have a relatively small mutual rnlscihility orsolubility and when sumcient cas tor oil is provided in proportion to the difiuorodichloro-methane, this worlrine fluid forms two layers or phases oi liquid.
  • the content of the castor oil in proportion to the difiuorodi chloro-inethane may be readily controlled so that for any particular type of machine the free lubricent is of such a quality as desired for the best operation of the refrigerating machine.
  • This gives several benefits in operation such as high emciency and in service the relative quantities of lubricant and refrigerant may be more readily determined as in cases where additional changing is necessary.
  • I provide a fluid courprising, tetrafiuorodichloro-ethane and castor oil. These substances likewise have only a limited amnity for each other so that only a small quantity of castor oil will disappear into the re frigerant, and the remainder ion a layer on top of the refrigerant containing: a slight amount of refrigerant dissolved therein.
  • This upper layer is essentially an oily body, and is termed herein a free lubricant.
  • the castor oil used in the before mentioned working fluid is one which has heen dewaxed by cooling the oil to extremely low tem pcratures by refrigeration until the wax solidifies and then separating the liquid castor oil from the wax. If the castor oil used in these working? fluids containing either difluorodichloro-methane and castor oil or tetrafluorodichlormethane and castor oil has not been dew-"axed, i add a solvent for the was such as methyl or ethyl alcohol in sufllcient entities to prevent the. was from solidifyinc or hecominu ezvely viscom at the lowest temperatures encountered in the reirleer sting system in which the were fluid is to be used.
  • my invention I provide a woo-hue fluid coinnrlsinc diiluoro: chloro-inethane and. clye. "l'his worlrine fluid likewise form two layers, the one layer or phase being essentially a an oily hody, termed herein a free lubricant, while the other layer forms a refrigerant.
  • my invention l provide a working fluid comprising tetraduorodichloro-ethane and glycerine which lihewise forms two phases, one of these phase or layers is an oily body, termed herein a tree luhrieant.
  • I use chemically pure ylycerine.
  • l add a solvent for the wax such as ethyl or thyl al ,r
  • I provide a working fluid comprising difluorodichloro-methane and diethylene glycol.- This working fluid likewise forms two phases, one of which is a lubricant phase.
  • Another example of my invention is a working fluid comprising tetrafluorodichloro-ethane and diethylene glycol, which likewise forms two phases or layers, one of which is a lubricant phase.
  • refrigerants which are not miscible with the lubricants mentioned namely in castor oil, glycerine and diethylene glycol
  • these refrigerants are merely specific examples of the large class of refrigerants which are fluoro derivatives of aliphatic hydrocarbons to which the present invention is applicable.
  • halofluoro derivatives of the aliphatic hydrocarbons which contain both densed refrigerant to the flooded evaporator and the evaporation of the refrigerant concentrates the lubricant content of the fluid in the evaporator to such an extent that a layer or phase of free lubricant separates from the refrigerant.
  • This free lubricant in such .a system is returned to the compressor along with the refrigerant by the use of some kind of device in the evaporator for withdrawing the free lubricant from this phase.
  • the condensed refrigerant carrying a slight amount of lubricant is expanded into a confined tube of a substantially uniform diameter where the velocity of the evaporated refrigerant sweeps the separated lubricant back into the compressor.
  • a refrigerating fluid comprising a halofluoro derivative of an aliphatic hydrocarbon and castor oil.
  • a refrigerating fluid comprising dichlorodifluoro methane and castor oil.
  • a working fluid for a compression refrigerating system comprising a fluoro derivative of an aliphatic hydrocarbon and castor oil.
  • a refrigerating medium comprising difluorodichloromethane and castor oil free from superfluous wax.
  • a refrigerating medium comprising difluorodichloromethane, castor oil containing a wax, and a solvent for the wax.
  • a refrigerating medium comprising difluorodichloromethane, castor oil, and alcohol.
  • a working fluid for a compression refrigerating system comprising a fluoro derivative of an aliphatic hydrocarbon and glycerine.
  • a working fluid for a compression refrigerating system comprising a fluoro derivative of an aliphatic hydrocarbon and diethylene glycol.
  • a refrigerating medium comprising a halofiuoro derivative of an aliphatic hydrocarbon and a liquid substantially immiscible therewith and having lubricating properties, said liquid being selected from a group of lubricants consisting of castor oil and a polyhydric alcohol having a low pour point and a high vaporization temperature.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Description

l0 working fluids in mechanical fluorine derivatives of so or phase on top oi the refrigerant.
Jim. 16, 194
UNITED" dTAEd l ldl ldd PATENT OFWC 2,187,3ild
WUEHHNG ram FOR REFEIGERATING APPARATUS Harry M. Williams, Dayton,
llliio, assignor to No Drawing. Application September 6, 1935, Slerial No. 39,453
9 Claims.
This application is a continuation-in-part of y two co-pending applications, Serial No. 465,029, filed June 30, 1930, and Serial No. 524,- 409, flied March 21, 1931.
This invention relates to refrigeration and more particularly to working fluids for refrigerating apparatus having" working parts requiring lubrication within a refrigerant circuit.
Heretofore it has been customary to use as refrigerating systems a mixture of a refrigerant such as sulphur dioxide or ammonia with a mineral oil which is immiscible for the most part with these refrig-= erants. Refrigerating apparatus has been delt signed for use with such a worlrine; fluid and dil flculties are often encountered with such re Irigerating systems when such working fluids are not used. When it is desired to use a non-toxic, non-inflammable refrigerant such as one of the the aliphatic hydrocarlions such as the familiar difluorodichloro-meth one and the tetrafluorodichloro-ethane, diflt culty has been encountered because of the fact that mineral oil is completely cible in all proportions with this class oi. refrigerants.
it is an object of my invention to provide non= tonic, non-inflammable war-hing fluids for reirleerating systems having lubricants which are whtolly or partially immiscible with the refrigeran ore specifically it is an object of my invention to provide a working fluid containing one of the derivatives of aliphatic hydrocarbons, for example, difluorodichloro-methane or-tetrafluorodichloro-ethane with a lubricant where is wholly or partially immiscible therewith.
as one example of my invention, I employ dii'luorodichloro-methane and caster oil as a work:- inc huid or charge for a refrigerating system.
iese two fluids have a relatively small mutual rnlscihility orsolubility and when sumcient cas tor oil is provided in proportion to the difiuorodichloro-methane, this worlrine fluid forms two layers or phases oi liquid.
l have found that diiluorodichloro-methane and castor oil have a limited aildnity for each other so that only a small quantity of castor oil will disappear into the body of the refrigerant, the remainder helng tree in this case as a layer There is usually a relatively small mutual miscibility or solubility between the lubricant and the refricerant, and there may be a slight amount oi refrigerant dissolved in the upper lubricant layer on top of the by of the refrigerant. In this upper layer (till. 252-5) or phase the lubricant greatly predominates since such upper layer or phase is essentially an oily body, it is termed herein a free lubricant.
In the use of this working fluid, the content of the castor oil in proportion to the difiuorodi chloro-inethane may be readily controlled so that for any particular type of machine the free lubricent is of such a quality as desired for the best operation of the refrigerating machine. This gives several benefits in operation such as high emciency and in service the relative quantities of lubricant and refrigerant may be more readily determined as in cases where additional changing is necessary.
As another specific example of a working fluid I embodying my invention I provide a fluid courprising, tetrafiuorodichloro-ethane and castor oil. These substances likewise have only a limited amnity for each other so that only a small quantity of castor oil will disappear into the re frigerant, and the remainder ion a layer on top of the refrigerant containing: a slight amount of refrigerant dissolved therein. This upper layer is essentially an oily body, and is termed herein a free lubricant.
Preferably the castor oil used in the before mentioned working fluid is one which has heen dewaxed by cooling the oil to extremely low tem pcratures by refrigeration until the wax solidifies and then separating the liquid castor oil from the wax. If the castor oil used in these working? fluids containing either difluorodichloro-methane and castor oil or tetrafluorodichlormethane and castor oil has not been dew-"axed, i add a solvent for the was such as methyl or ethyl alcohol in sufllcient entities to prevent the. was from solidifyinc or hecominu ezvely viscom at the lowest temperatures encountered in the reirleer sting system in which the were fluid is to be used.
As another specihc example oi" my invention I provide a woo-hue fluid coinnrlsinc diiluoro: chloro-inethane and. clye. "l'his worlrine fluid likewise form two layers, the one layer or phase being essentially a an oily hody, termed herein a free lubricant, while the other layer forms a refrigerant.
As another specific example oi my invention l provide a working fluid comprising tetraduorodichloro-ethane and glycerine which lihewise forms two phases, one of these phase or layers is an oily body, termed herein a tree luhrieant.
Preferably, I use chemically pure ylycerine. However, it the glycerine contours wan, l add a solvent for the wax such as ethyl or thyl al ,r
cohol in suificient quantities to prevent the wax from congealing in the refrigerating system.
As another specific example of my invention- I provide a working fluid comprising difluorodichloro-methane and diethylene glycol.- This working fluid likewise forms two phases, one of which is a lubricant phase.
Another example of my invention is a working fluid comprising tetrafluorodichloro-ethane and diethylene glycol, which likewise forms two phases or layers, one of which is a lubricant phase.
While I have mentioned specifically difluorodichloro-methane and tetrafluorodichloro-ethane as refrigerants which are not miscible with the lubricants mentioned namely in castor oil, glycerine and diethylene glycol, these refrigerants are merely specific examples of the large class of refrigerants which are fluoro derivatives of aliphatic hydrocarbons to which the present invention is applicable. Of this class of refrigerants, I prefer to employ the halofluoro derivatives of the aliphatic hydrocarbons which contain both densed refrigerant to the flooded evaporator and the evaporation of the refrigerant concentrates the lubricant content of the fluid in the evaporator to such an extent that a layer or phase of free lubricant separates from the refrigerant. This free lubricant in such .a system is returned to the compressor along with the refrigerant by the use of some kind of device in the evaporator for withdrawing the free lubricant from this phase.
The direct expansion type of refrigerant apparatus and method, the condensed refrigerant carrying a slight amount of lubricant is expanded into a confined tube of a substantially uniform diameter where the velocity of the evaporated refrigerant sweeps the separated lubricant back into the compressor.
all coming within the scope of the claims which follow.
What is claimed is as follows:
1. A refrigerating fluid comprising a halofluoro derivative of an aliphatic hydrocarbon and castor oil.
2. A refrigerating fluid comprising dichlorodifluoro methane and castor oil.
3. A working fluid for a compression refrigerating system comprising a fluoro derivative of an aliphatic hydrocarbon and castor oil.
4. A refrigerating medium comprising difluorodichloromethane and castor oil free from superfluous wax.
5. A refrigerating medium comprising difluorodichloromethane, castor oil containing a wax, and a solvent for the wax.
' 6. A refrigerating medium comprising difluorodichloromethane, castor oil, and alcohol.
7. A working fluid for a compression refrigerating system comprising a fluoro derivative of an aliphatic hydrocarbon and glycerine.
8. A working fluid for a compression refrigerating system comprising a fluoro derivative of an aliphatic hydrocarbon and diethylene glycol.
9. A refrigerating medium comprising a halofiuoro derivative of an aliphatic hydrocarbon and a liquid substantially immiscible therewith and having lubricating properties, said liquid being selected from a group of lubricants consisting of castor oil and a polyhydric alcohol having a low pour point and a high vaporization temperature.
HARRY M. WILLIAMS.
US39453A 1935-09-06 1935-09-06 Working fluid for refrigerating apparatus Expired - Lifetime US2187388A (en)

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2550196A (en) * 1944-10-11 1951-04-24 Internat Carbonic Engineering Composite solid carbon dioxide
US2590542A (en) * 1947-05-12 1952-03-25 Internat Carbonic Engineering Composite solid carbon dioxide
US2852470A (en) * 1954-10-15 1958-09-16 Gen Motors Corp Refrigeration composition
US3092981A (en) * 1960-07-15 1963-06-11 Gen Motors Corp Refrigeration apparatus
US3878112A (en) * 1974-05-23 1975-04-15 Westinghouse Electric Corp Lubricant-refrigerant system for centrifugal refrigeration compressors
FR2388227A1 (en) * 1977-04-22 1978-11-17 Westinghouse Electric Corp CENTRIFUGAL REFRIGERATING COMPRESSOR SYSTEMS
US5820777A (en) * 1993-03-10 1998-10-13 Henkel Corporation Blended polyol ester lubricants for refrigerant heat transfer fluids
US5851968A (en) * 1994-05-23 1998-12-22 Henkel Corporation Increasing the electrical resistivity of ester lubricants, especially for use with hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants
US5906769A (en) * 1992-06-03 1999-05-25 Henkel Corporation Polyol ester lubricants for refrigerating compressors operating at high temperatures
US5976399A (en) * 1992-06-03 1999-11-02 Henkel Corporation Blended polyol ester lubricants for refrigerant heat transfer fluids
US6183662B1 (en) 1992-06-03 2001-02-06 Henkel Corporation Polyol ester lubricants, especially those compatible with mineral oils, for refrigerating compressors operating at high temperatures
US6221272B1 (en) 1992-06-03 2001-04-24 Henkel Corporation Polyol ester lubricants for hermetically sealed refrigerating compressors
US7018558B2 (en) 1999-06-09 2006-03-28 Cognis Corporation Method of improving performance of refrigerant systems

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2550196A (en) * 1944-10-11 1951-04-24 Internat Carbonic Engineering Composite solid carbon dioxide
US2590542A (en) * 1947-05-12 1952-03-25 Internat Carbonic Engineering Composite solid carbon dioxide
US2852470A (en) * 1954-10-15 1958-09-16 Gen Motors Corp Refrigeration composition
US3092981A (en) * 1960-07-15 1963-06-11 Gen Motors Corp Refrigeration apparatus
US3878112A (en) * 1974-05-23 1975-04-15 Westinghouse Electric Corp Lubricant-refrigerant system for centrifugal refrigeration compressors
FR2388227A1 (en) * 1977-04-22 1978-11-17 Westinghouse Electric Corp CENTRIFUGAL REFRIGERATING COMPRESSOR SYSTEMS
US5906769A (en) * 1992-06-03 1999-05-25 Henkel Corporation Polyol ester lubricants for refrigerating compressors operating at high temperatures
US5976399A (en) * 1992-06-03 1999-11-02 Henkel Corporation Blended polyol ester lubricants for refrigerant heat transfer fluids
US6183662B1 (en) 1992-06-03 2001-02-06 Henkel Corporation Polyol ester lubricants, especially those compatible with mineral oils, for refrigerating compressors operating at high temperatures
US6221272B1 (en) 1992-06-03 2001-04-24 Henkel Corporation Polyol ester lubricants for hermetically sealed refrigerating compressors
US6296782B1 (en) 1992-06-03 2001-10-02 Henkel Corporation Polyol ester lubricants for refrigerator compressors operating at high temperatures
US6551524B2 (en) 1992-06-03 2003-04-22 Cognis Corporation Polyol ester lubricants, especially those compatible with mineral oils, for refrigerating compressors operating at high temperatures
US6666985B2 (en) 1992-06-03 2003-12-23 Cognis Corporation Polyol ester lubricants for hermetically sealed refrigerating compressors
US5820777A (en) * 1993-03-10 1998-10-13 Henkel Corporation Blended polyol ester lubricants for refrigerant heat transfer fluids
US5851968A (en) * 1994-05-23 1998-12-22 Henkel Corporation Increasing the electrical resistivity of ester lubricants, especially for use with hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants
US6551523B1 (en) 1995-06-07 2003-04-22 Cognis Corporation Blended polyol ester lubricants for refrigerant heat transfer fluids
US7018558B2 (en) 1999-06-09 2006-03-28 Cognis Corporation Method of improving performance of refrigerant systems

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