US2186802A - Heating apparatus - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 9, 1940. B. GOERG HEATING APPARATUS Fild April 2o, 2 sheets-sheet 1 lNvENToR fm1/4R0 606/96 L fw M,

Jan. 9, 1940. B. Gol-:RG

HEATING APPARATUS Filed April 20, 1938 2 sheets-sheet 2 IIIII Il. IIIII\\ x INVENTOR HP/mwa Gaf/P6 Patented Jan. 9, 1940 rATENTorrlct HEATING APPARATUS Bernard Goerg, Scarsdale, N. Y., assigner, by mesne assignments, to American Radiator &

Standard Sanitary Corporation, New York,-

ht-Y., a corporation of Delawarer Application April n 20,

9 Claims.

This invention relates to heating apparatus and more particularly to boiler furnaces of the type-which are used for heating buildings such, for example, as dwelling houses, stores, etc.

An object of my invention is to produce a boiler furnace'which is highly compact and is very low in weight for its capacity, and one which is capable of being'brought from an off-period in its operation Ato its normal operating capacity Within a relatively short period of' time.

A further object is to provide a boiler furnace of the above character which is ellcient inoperation and one Whose manufacturing and installation cost compares favorably with prior boilers oi the same capacity.

The, invention cons1sts in the novel construction and combination of parts, to be more fully described hereinafter, and the novelty of which will be particularly pointed out` and ydistinctly claimed.

f In the accompanying drawings, to be taken as apart of this specication, I have fully and clear-- lyillustrated a preferred embodiment of my in- `vention, in which drawings- Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view through a boil-x er `furnace constructed in accordance with the .present invention, the View being taken on the.

surrounding, respectively, the combustion cham-v ber yI3 and drum I4 and connecting the'gas-exit` of the chamber I3 `with a flue gas outlet l1, the

latter extending through the upper partI of the outer jacket II. The main or general elements of thev furnace, just referred to, are all symmetrically arranged` about a Vertical axis extending through the center of the furnace.

The firing chamber I2 is preferably located in lthe lower central part of the furnace and, in so far as certain of the broader aspects of my invention are concerned, may bek of any suitable construction. In the form shown, the chamber I2 is advantageously of a unitary construction and comprises an inner lining member 2t] of heatresistant steel forming the bottom and side walls of the firing chamber, and having an opening 2l 1938, Serial No. 203,033

in one side wall through which a fluid fuel burner 22 of any suitable type may discharge fuel mixed with air. 'Ihe burner shown is an oil burner of the gun type. f To the exterior of the lining member 2d is applied a suitable heat insulating material indicated at 23. The chamber I2 is open at the top as shown, and registerswith an opening 25 formed in the center of a supporting base plate ZB'arrang'ed horizontally across they inte- 4 rior of the furnace. The upper edge oi the lining member 20 is provided with an integral ange 2 through whichv bolts 28 extend and thereby rservefas a means for securing the upper edge of the'ring chamber. to the base plate 2d and about the opening 25. As the lining member 2d is formed of heat-resistant steel and is surrounded with the insulating material 21%, a relatively high temperature may be maintained in the chamber, which, as is well known, is conducive to positive ignition and eflicient combustion oi thefuel entering irom the burner `22.

The base supporting yplate 2% is suitably formed of heat-resistant steel and is supported in the position shown by a plurality of postsA 29 extending downwardly therefrom and resting at their lowery ends 'on the basement :foundationY The extremelower part of vthe. furnace lll is closed -by av horizontally extending sheet-metal base member 30. The base member 3Q Iis secured ltothe lower part'of the posts 29 and aids in supporting the firing-chamber I2. y A"The combustion chamber I3 is here shown as being arranged centrally over the opening 25 and as being cylindrical in shape and extending upwardly from the base supporting plate. The f lower end of the combustion chamber communicates with the ring chamber I2 through the opening 25. In so `far as certain of the broader -aspects of 'my invention are concerned, the wall structure,defining` the vertical cylindrical combustion chamber, `may be of any suitable type. In the preferred embodiment shown the 'chamber I3 is dened by an upright cylindrical wall structure 35having lhollow water spaces comi municatively connected to the steam and water drum I4. v Thecylind'rical wall structure 35 of the combustion chamber is formedby a plurality'of rsu'- Iperposed helically Wound pipe coils 36`. The coils 36 may be .made of a metal having a relatively high coeliicient "of thermal conductivity, such for exan'iple,A as copper. v,Six coils 36 are shown, arranged one above the other, and each lof the coils is provided with an inlet end y3l, which extends. tangentially` from thefcylindrcal formation of the wall structure 35 and is connected at its outer end to a vertically arranged downtake header 33 in the passage I5, and each coil 36 is also provided with an youtlet end 40 which also extends tangentially from the cylindrical portions of the wall structure 35 and is connected to a vertically arranged uptake header 4I adjacent the header 39 in the passage I5. As shown in Figs. 1 and 3, each coil is helically wound around the vertical axis of the furnace for almost 720; that is to say, beginning at the inlet end 37 of a given coil 36, the coil extends completely around the funace once, and then around the furnace again until it joins with the outlet header 4I. Adjacent convolutions of a given coil and adjacent convolutions of adjacent coils are arranged one above the other to provide the cylindrical wall structure 35. Each of the coils is so wound and so connected into the headers 39 and 4I that it continually slopes upward from where it joins the downtake header to the point where it joins the uptake header, thereby assuring the effective circulation of water in the boiler and the passage of steam bubbles, as they are formed, through the coil, the uptake header 4I and to the drum I4.

The upper ends of the uptake and downtake headers 39 and 4I are connected into the lower part of the drum I4. The upper end of the downtake header is flush with the inside bottom surface of the drum, but the upper end of the uptake or steam header extends partly into the drum in order to assume circulation of water in the right direction at starting. The lower end of the uptake header is closed as shown, and the lower end of the downtake header is connected to the condensate return pipe 43 of the steam heating system in the building where the furnace I6 is installed.

The combustion chamber I3 is provided with a gas-exit opening 45 in its side and at points adjacent the headers 38 and 4I, and the gas-exit opening 45 extends for the full height of the combustion chamber as can be seen -from an examination of Fig. 1. Laterally, the opening 45 extends from the point where the inlet ends 31 of the several coils 36 leave the cylindrical formation of the wall structure 35 to the point where the outlet ends leave the cylindrical formation. The wall structure 35 is closed and continuous except at the opening 45. The spaces between adjacent convolutions of the coils are closed by a plurality of steel bands' 4l which extend from one side edge of the opening and about the combustion chamber to the other side edge of the opening 45. The opening 45 is thus provided by the unclosed spaces between adjacent convolutions, and by relatively large spaces 48 between convolutions resulting from the fact that the inlet and outlet ends 3'I and 4I! extend tangentially away from the cylindrical formation of the wall structure 35.

The steam and water drum I4 is arranged above and closes the top of the combustion chamber. While the drum I4 may be constructed in any suitable manner in so far as the broader aspects of my invention are concerned, I prefer that the drum be made of sheet-metal walls welded together to form an integral structure capable of withstanding the internal pressures reached in boilers of the type disclosed. The drum I4 comprises a horizontal bottom wall 50 closing the top of the chamber I3, upright side walls 5I, and a top wall 52. The bottom wall 50 is provided with an outwardly extending flange 53 and a depending flange 54, for purposes which will presently appear. The drum I4 is formed with a laterally extending portion 55 to which the upper ends of the headers 39 and 4I are connected. 'Ille top wall 52 is formed with a steam outlet opening 56 in the central portion thereof to which is connected the steam supply pipe 5l for the steam heating system of the building in which the furnace is installed.

The combustion chamber I3 and steam and water drum I4 are advantageously supported from the base plate 26. As shown, a plurality of vertical supporting posts 6U are arranged in the passage I5 and about the wall structure 35 of the combustion chamber I3, and these posts are suitably secured at their lower ends by bolts 6I to the upper face oi the base plate 26. The posts extend upwardly to the drum I4 and are secured at their upper ends to the flange 53 by bolts 62. The side wall structure 35 of the combustion chamber is secured to the posts by means of a plurality of bolts 54 and spacers 65 encircling the bolts. The bolts 64 extend through aligned openings in the posts 60 and in the steel bari-ds 4l and the spacers 65 are arranged between the posts and bands. Thus, the bolts 64 and spacers 65 serve as a means for clamping the closure bands in their proper position between adjacent convoutions of the coils 36, as well as a means for securing the Wall structure 35 in supporting relation with respect to the posts 66.

At the lower end of the combustion chamber I3, the coils are properly positioned with respect to the opening 25 by an vupstanding flange III formed integral with the base plate 26 and extending symmetrically about the vertical axis of thc furnace lil just inside of the coils. The ange 'I5 does not extend entirely about the vertical axis of the furnace; but terminates at the sidesoi the opening 45 so as not to interfere with the outflow oi gases from the chamber I 3. Likewise, the ange 54 depending from the flange 53 of the bottom wall 50 o1` the steam and water drum i4, extends about the vertical axis of the furnace except at the opening 45 and serves to position properly the uppermost coil 36 of the combustion chamber I3 with respect to the drum i4 and the headers 39 and 4I.

spaced outwardly from the side wall structure 35 of the combustion chamber I3, and from the side walls 5I of the steam and water drum I4 is a wall member 'I5 which extends symmetrically about the vertical axis of the furnace I0 and deiines with the outer surface of the wall structure 35 and the wall 5I of the drum I4, the passages I5 and I6. The passages I5 and I5 are open at each end. The passage S5 communicates at one end with the gas-exit opening 45 of the combustion chamber and extends almost entirely around the outside of the combustion chamber, as shown in Fig. 3. The bottom of the passage I5 is dened by peripheral portions of the base plate 26 and the top of the passage I5 is dened by plates I6 extending horizontally and between the ange 53 of the wall 50 and the wall 15. Angle brackets 'Il support the edges of the plates 'I6 at the wall "l5, A vertical partition plate 'I8 extending from the wall 'I5 to the outer surface of the wall structure 35 and suitably secured to the latter serves as a means for separating the ends of the passage I5.

The passage I5 is connected at one end through an opening 19, provided by the arrangement of the horizontal partition plates l5, to the end of jso gua

, reachingthe outlet I1.

'compact and eiiicient.

and 4I are respectively connected. The top of the passage I6 is closed by a top wall member 82 extending horizontally across the interior of the furnace and supported at its periphery by the wall member I5.

In so far as the broader aspects of my invention are concerned, the side wall member 'I5 and the partition plates 'I6 may be formed of any suitable material. However, in the preferred embodiment shown, these wall members are formed of heatresistant steel., 'Ihe side wall member 'I5 and the top wall member 82 are spaced inwardly from the enclosing jacket II and the spaces between the outer surfaces of these Wall members and the enclosing jacket are preferably filled with a heat insulating material indicated at 84. The material 8,4 may be of any of the well known types ony the market capable of effectively retaining the heat within the furnace. The top wall member 82 and the top wall of the jacket I I with the insulating material 34 therebetween may be constructed as a removable cover unit so as to facilitate inspection and cleaning. The plates 'I6 may also be removed for cleaning after the cover unit is removed. f

From the above, it is apparent that I have provided a boiler of the flash type which is highly The ratio of weight to capacity in the boiler disclosed is extremely low when compared with conventional types of boil- .ersand the time required to reach a normal opter capacity of the Idrum I4, the boiler is well adapted for the installation of a hot tap water heating coil. A coil 3l of the hair pin type may be readily placed infthe drum I4 and connected to the conventional hot water storage tank (not shown).

lDue to the particular construction and arrangement of the combustion chamber I3,drum I4, gas passages I5 and I5, and the wall member 15, the hot vgases of combustion contact an unusually large area of water filled heat absorbing wall surfaces. 'Ihe combustion gases, after contacting the inner surfaces of the coils 36 and the bottom wall E of the drum I4, ow out of the combustion chamber and contact the headers 39 and 4I in the passage I5. The gases then pass completely around the combustion chamber and contact lthe outer sides of the tubes 36. The gases then flow upwardly into the passage I6 where they pass almost entirely around the drum I4 and contact the side walls `5I thereof before This construction and arrangement results in the maximum amount of heat in the gases being given up to the water in the boiler and a low stack temperature of the combustion gases. Furthermore, due to the novel construction and arrangement of the relatively small metal tubes 36, a high rate of heat transfer is had between the combustion gases and the water in the boiler. As the wall structure of the combustion chamber is formed by pipe coils, the

amount of water subjected to the fire is relatively low, yet the water is spread over a llarge area.

l Consequently, the boiler can be quickly brought to normal steaming Within a relatively short period of time. However, even though the tube structure contains a relatively small amount of water, the boiler is decidedly safe to operate on account of the relatively large water space in the drum I4.

A further feature which makes possible quick steaming and efficient heat transfer is the steel wall member 75. As the latter is backed by the heat` insulating material 84, relatively little heat is lost to the surrounding atmosphere. Therefore, heat absorbed from the gases flowing through the passages I5 and I6 is radiated back to the water in the boiler. 'Ihis ow of heat from the wall I5 by radiation may be increased by providing an inner dark surface.

Thorough circulation of water between the tubes and drum I4 is had because I have pro-y vided a plurality of tubes and because the ends of each of the tubes are connected directly to the headers 39 and 4I. As the tubes slope upward there is no problem of water circulation and of transmission of the steam bubbles as soon as they are formed to the relatively large capacity drum I4. This latter makes the boiler safe to operate and gives a steady and even supply of steam to the pipe 51.

It is to be noted that while I have shown and described a boiler furnace which operates efciently to generate steam for heating building spaces, the present invention in all of its aspects is not to be considered as being so limited, because the structure disclosed is also well adapted for use as a hot water boiler, in a manner which will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is as follows: V

1. In a boiler, the combination of means defining an upright combustion chamber having a gas-exit opening in one sideand comprising a plurality of superposed spaced pipe coils arranged substantially symmetrical about a vertical axis,

and means for closing the spaces between coils to provide with the coils a continuous wall surface except at. the gas-exit opening; wall means defining a steam and water space above said coils; and water circulating means communicatively connecting said coils and said space.

' 2. In a boiler, the combination of means defining an upright combustion chamber having a gas-exit opening in one side and comprising a plurality of superposed spaced pipe coils arranged substantially symmetrical about a vertical axis, and means for closing the spaces between coils to provide with the coils a continuous wall surface except at the gas-exit opening; wall means defining a steam and water space above said coils, and uptake and downtake headers depending from said steam and water space and connected, respectively.' to the opposite ends of said pip coils.

3. Ina boiler, Athe combination of means deu ning an upright combustion chamber having a gas-exit opening in one side and comprising a plurality of helically wound pipe coils arranged onel above the other and about a substantially vertical axis with adjacent convolutions spaced slightly from one another, and means for closing the spaces between adjacent convolutions to provide a continuous wall surface except at the gasexit opening; wall means dening a steam and water space above said coils; and water circulatlili ing means communicatively connecting said coils and said steam and water space.

4. In a boiler, the combination of means dening an upright combustion chamber having a `gas-exit opening in one side and comprising a plurality of superposed spaced pipe coils arranged one above the other and substantially symmetrical about a vertical axis, and means for closing the spaces between coils to provide a continuous wall surface except at the gas-exit opening; wall means dening a steam and water space above said coils; water circulating means communicatively connecting said space and said coils; wall means spaced outwardly from said coils to provide therewith a gas passage surrounding at least partially said coils and connected at one end to said gas-exit opening and having an outlet end circumferentially spaced from said gas-exit opening; said last-named wall means having a gas outlet opening connected to the outlet end of said passage.

5. In a boiler, the combination of means dening an upright combustion chamber having a gas-exit opening in one side and comprising a plurality of helically wound pipe coils arranged one above the other and about a substantially vertical axis with adjacent convolutions spaced slightly from one another, and means for closing the spaces between adjacent convolutions to provide a continuous wall surface except at the gasexit opening; wall means defining a steam and water drum closing the top of said combustion chamber; wall means spaced outwardly from said coils to denne an open-ended gas passage connected at one end to saidvgas-exit opening; uptake and down-take headers arranged in said gas passage adjacent said gas-exit opening and connected at their upper ends to said drum; means for connecting the uptake header to the upper ends of said coils and the downtake header to the lower ends of said coils.

6. In a boiler, the combination of means dening a combustion chamber having a gas-exit opening in one side and comprising a plurality of superposed helically wound pipe coils arranged with the convolutions of the coils in overlying relation and forming a substantially vertical cylinder; each of said coils having lower and upper end portions extending outwardly therefrom at points adjacent said opening; downtake and uptake headers arranged in adjacent relation outside of said combustion chamber at said gasexit opening and connected, respectively, to said lower and upper ends; means for closing the spaces between adjacent convolutions except between the points where the upper and lower ends leave the cylindrical formation so that the spaces between convolutions left by the outwardly extending ends form the gas-exit opening; and wall means dening a steam and water space communicatively connected to said uptake and downtake headers.

7. A boiler comprising an inner wall structure defining an upright cylindrical combustion chamber closed across its top, having a firing opening in its bottom, and having a gas-exit opening in an upright side thereof, and the inside surfaces of said combustion chamber being formed continnous except for said firing opening and said gasexit opening so as to provide for the out flow of combustion gases only through said gas-exit opening; said wall structure being formed with hollow interior water spaces surrounding the sides of said chamber and With a hollow interior water and steamspace over the top of said chamber; an outer cylindrical wall structure enclosing said inner wall structure and spaced from the latter to define therebetween an annula` space; wall means arranged across and closing said space vertically at one side of said gas-exit opening to provide in said space an annular passage for iiue gases having an inlet end communicating with said gas-exit opening and an outlet end circumferentially spaced from said inlet end.

8. A boiler comprising an inner wall structure dening an upright cylindrical combustion charnber closed across its top, having a firing opening in its bottom, and having a gas-exit opening in an upright side thereof, and the inside surfaces of said combustion chamber being formed continuous except for said ring opening and said gas-exit opening so as to provide for the out flow of combustion gases only through said gas-exit opening; said wall structure being formed with hollow interior water spaces surrounding the sides of said chamber and with a hollow interior water and steam space over the top of said chamber; an outer cylindrical wall structure enclosing said inner wall structure and spaced from the latter to dene therebetween an annular space; a. rst partition wall means arranged across said space above said gas-exit opening to divide said space horizontally into lower and upper gas spaces; a second partition wall means arranged across said lower gas space at one side of said gas-exit opening to provide in said lower gas space a rst annular gas passage having an inlet end communicating with said gas-exit opening and an outlet end circumferentially spaced from its inlet end and communicating with said upper gas space; a third partition wall means ar- ,I ranged across said upper gas space at one side of the outlet end of said rst annular passage to provide in said upper gas space a second annular gas passage having an inlet end communicating with the outlet end of said rst annular gas passage and having an outlet end circumferentially spaced from its inlet end.

9. A boiler comprising a supporting base plate; means defining accmbustion chamber' arranged above said plate and comprising a plurality of helically wound pipe coils disposed one above the other and about an upright axis: a steam and water drum above said coils; water circulating conduits communicatively connecting said coils and said drum; a plurality of upright supporting posts arranged about said coils and supported at their lower ends by said plate and supporting said drum by their upper ends; and means securing said coils to the sides of said posts so that the posts also support the coils from said plate and maintain the coils in their proper relative position with respect to one another.

BERNARD GOERG.

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