US2185187A - Rotary cutter - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 2, 1940. s. AIDE VLIEG 2,185,187

ROTARY CUTTER 7 Filed May 23, 193B INVENTOR Gerard A. Del 15:23 BY w W 6 v A RNEYS Patented Jan. 2, 1940 UNITED. STATES PATENT OFFICE 6 Claims.

The present invention relates to improvements in rotary cutters, such as reamers and the like, adapted for metal removing operations, and has particular reference to a rotary cutter with new and improved means for rigidly securing renewable and adjustable cutting elements in position.

One of the objects of the invention is to provide a novel rotary cutter in which each cutting element is adapted to beclamped and guided for drifting adjustment by a single unitary combination wedge and guide member, and in which a unitary locking-means is adapted simultaneously to maintain said members in binding association with the cutting elements 1 any selected position of adjustment.

Another object is to provide a new and improved rotary cutter of the foregoing character in which the cutting elements can be ground first cylindrically and then for relief while adjusted into a position defining a minimum or undersized cylinder of revolution of the cutting edges, and in which the cutting elements can then be adjusted to locate the cutting edges in an expanded desired cylinder of revolution.

Further objects and advantages will become apparent as the description proceeds.

In the accompanying drawing,

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a rotary cutter embodying the features of my invention.

Fig. 2 is an axial sectional view of the cutter taken along line 22 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 3 is an end view of the cutter.

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of one of the unitary clamping members for the cutting elements. 1

While the invention is susceptible of various modifications and alternative constructions, I have shown in the drawing and will herein describe in detail the preferred embodiment, but it is to be understood that I do not thereby intend to limit the invention to the specific form disclosed, but intend to cover all modifications and alternative constructions falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as expressed in the appended claims.

Referring to the exemplary embodiment of the invention, the body or holder of the cutter is designated generally at H). Extending axially therefrom is a reduced extension H adapted to be secured in any suitable manner to conventional rotary drive means. Formed in the peripheral surface of the body and extending in a generally longitudinal direction is a plurality of slots or recesses H in which a series of cutting elements, tools or blades l3 are adjustably mounted. The slots may be spaced equally or irregularly, and the bottom, root or base surfaces thereof are slightly inclined inwardly from the end race of the body and radially toward the axis thereof. 6 Each blade has a suitable cutting edge l4 fashioned to lie in a cylinder of revolution corresponding to that of the bore to be reamed and the thickness dimension of the blade is such as to provide a close sliding fit between the blade 10 and its receiving slot. The inner or base surface of the blade opposite to the cutting edge is formed on an angle complemental to the inclination of the root surface of the recess. Hence, when the blade is seated in a recess, the base of the blade and the root of the recess have flat surface contact throughout. An adjusting. ring or nut l5 has screw threaded engagement with the body adjacent to the reduced extension II for abutment with the inner ends of the blades. The position of the blades longitudinally with respect to the inclined roots of the recesses determines the extent of radial adjustment of the blades and this position is fixed by abutment with the adjusting nut. The front or leading sides of the slots l2 are disposed radially so that the cutting edges M will be adjusted radially upon longitudinal movement of the blades I3.

Means is provided for locking each ofthe blades in adjusted position. In the present instance, this means is in the form of a unitary element adapted to exert a wedging force between shoulders on a side wall of therecess and an adjacent side wall of the blade. The element is elongated so that the wedging force is exerted throughout a substantial portion of the blade and the force is primarily directed to seat the blade against the root of the recess.

The blade locking means comprises a plurality of individual elongated members I 6 (see Fig. 4), 40 one for each blade l3. Each member I6 is composed of two integral longitudinal relatively inclined sections l1 and I8 which may be provided in various forms as illustrated and claimed in my copending application Serial No. 135,066, filed April 5,1937. In the member I8 herein shown, one of the sections, for example, the section II, is semicylindrical, and the other section, i. e., the section I8, is rectangular, in transverse form. The angular relationship of the axes of the two sections l1 and I8 is sharply acute, and preferably approximately five degrees (5). The length of the member or pin I6 is slightly less than that of the blade l3.

On one side face of the blade between the cutting edge and base thereof is a longitudinally extending groove or recess IQ of cross sectional form to receive snugly and slidably one section of the locking pin (herein the section IS). The side wall of the recess, which in assembly is opposed to the grooved wall of the blade is longitudinally grooved or recessed as at 20 to receive the other pin section l1.

While the grooves l9 and 20 are so positioned that they may be brought into substantial registry at the exposed end face of the body, the axes of the grooves l9 and 20 have the same sharply acute angular relationship as the axes of the pin sections l1 and I8. This relationship is such that upon insertion of the locking pin sections into their respective grooves, the blade is moved toward and into rigid locked abutment against the root of the recess by the wedging action resulting from the angular relation of the pin sections and grooves. In this particular arrangement, the blade groove I9 substantially parallels the plane of the blade base, while the recess groove 20 angles toward the root surface. The recess groove 20 has the greater angularity with respect to the axis of the cutter body and hence with respect to the root surface of the recess I2.

In the assembly of the cutter, the blades i3, with the pins l6 fitted in the grooves I9, are inserted into the slots l2 against the nut l5 which is adjusted for minimum diameter of the circle of revolution of the cutting edges M. Then, the pins l6 are drifted inwardly individually to tighten the blades l3 in position. The outer ends of the pins l6 which may project beyond the blades l3 are now out off even with the outer ends of the blades which project a short distance outwardly beyond the end of the body I0.

After being secured in position as described, the blades I3 are ground cylindrically round on their outer faces. Then the backs of the faces are relief ground as indicated at 2|, leaving a narrow cylindrical land 22 along the cutting edge Hi. If desired, the outer ends of the blades l3 may also be beveled as indicated at 23. After the blades are ground, the nut I5 is turned to adjust or drift the blades [3 outwardly to the desired diameter of revolution. The relative inclination of the pin sections l1 and i8 is sufficiently large, for example, five degrees (5), that the clamping action is not so tight as to prevent drifting adjustment of the blades by means of the nut 15. Upon outward adjustment of the blades l3, the land areas 22 recede from the cutting edges i l inwardly of the circle of revolution to define a cutting clearance.

Means is provided for locking the pins i6 tightly in clamping position to confine the blades l3 rigidly and securely in position of final selected adjustment. This means comprises an end clamp 24 preferably in the form of a circular disk adapted to be secured coaxially to the outer end of the body ill by a bolt 25. The periphery of the disk 24 is beveled, and is formed with a plurality of radial slots 26 corresponding in number and spacing to the blades l3 and adapted to interfit snugly with the sides of the latter. The disk 24 at points intermediate the slots 26, i. e., at the lead edges of the slots, is adapted to engage the outer ends of the pins l6.

After outward adjustment of the blades l3 to final diameter, the bolt 25 is tightened, thereby clamping the disk 24 against the ends of the pins It to tighten the latter simultaneously. The nut i5 is then tightened against the opposite ends of the blades I3. It will be understood that during the outward adjustment of the blades, the plus it are held against outward movement by the disk 24 which is loosely in position.

I claim as my invention:

1. A cutter comprising, in combination, a rotatable body having an outwardly opening slot therein defined by opposed side walls and a root surface disposed at an angle to the axis of said body, a blade snugly and slidingly fitting said slot and having a bottom face formed on an angle complemental to that of said root surface, grooves formed in adjacent side faces of said slot and said blade, the axis of the groove in said blade being substantially parallel with the plane of said bottom face and the groove in the slot face being at asharply acute angle of approximately 5 toward the plane of said root surface, a locking pin freely slidable in said grooves and having angularly related sections respectively complemental to said grooves to produce upon insertion thereof into said grooves a wedging force for holding said blade seated against said root surface in any relative longitudinal position of adjustment, and a clamping, member adjustably secured to the outer end of said body for engaging the outer end of said pin to press the latter longitudinally into wedge clamping position.

2. A cutter comprising, in combination, a rotatable body having an outwardly opening slot therein defined by opposed side walls and a root surface, a blade snugly and slidingly fitting said slot, grooves formed in adjacent side faces of said slot andsaid blade, the axes of said grooves intersecting at an acute angle with the axis of the groove in the face of said slot having the greater angularity with respect to the axis of the cutter, a locking pin of substantial length having opposite longitudinal sections developed on the angular relationships of said grooves and fashioned for insertion into said grooves to lock the blade in said recess against said root surface, and means for locking said pin in endwise position.

3. A cutter comprising, in combination, a rotatable body having a plurality of outwardly opening slots therein each defined by opposed side walls and a root surface disposed at an angle to the axis of said body, a plurality of blades snugly and slidingly fitting said slots respectively and each having a bottom face formed on an angle complemental to that of the associated root surface, grooves formed in adjacent side faces of each slot and associated blade, the axis of the groove in each blade being substantially parallel with the plane of the associated bottom face and the groove in the slot face being at a sharply acute angle toward the plane of the associated root surface, a plurality of locking pins freely slidable respectively in said sets of grooves and having angularly related sections respectively complemental to said grooves to produce upon insertion thereof into said grooves a wedging force for holding said blades seated against said root surfaces in any relative longitudinal position of adjustment, a disk coaxial with said body and having peripherally spaced slots receiving the outer ends of said blades and engaging the outer ends of said pins, and means for securing said disk to the outer end of said body for axial clamping adjustment.

4. A cutter comprising, in combination, a rotatable body having a plurality of outwardly opening slots therein each defined by opposed side walls and a root surface disposed at an angle to the axis of said body a plurality of blades snugly and slidingly fitting said slots respectively and each having a bottom face formed on an angle complemental to that of the associated root surface, grooves formed in adjacent side faces of each slot and associated blades, the axis of the groove in each blade being substantially parallel with the plane of the associated bottom face and the groove in the slot face being at a sharply acute angle toward the plane ofthe associated root surface, a plurality of locking pins freely slidable respectively in said sets of grooves and having angularly related sections respectively complemental to said grooves to produce upon insertion thereof into said grooves a wedging force for holding said blades seated against said root surfaces in any relative longitudinal position of adjustment, means for engaging the outer ends of said pins to hold said pins in wedge clamping position, an adjusting ring threaded on the inner end of said body for engagement with the inner ends of said blades, said acute angle being such that said ring is adjustable to drift said blades longitudinally when said last mentioned means is released.

5. A cutter comprising, in combination, a rotatable body having an outwardly opening slot therein defined by opposed side walls and a root surface disposed at an angle to the axis of said body, a blade snugly and slidingly fitting said slot and having a bottom face formed on an angle complemental to that of said root surface, grooves formed in adjacent side faces of said slot and said blade, the axis of the groove in said blade being substantially parallel with the plane of said bottom face and the groove in the slot face being at a sharply acute angle toward the plane of said root surface, a locking pin freely slidable in said grooves and having angularly related sections respectively complemental to said grooves to produce upon insertion thereof into said grooves a wedging force for holding said blade seated against said root surface in any relative longitudinal position of adjustment, a clamping member engaging the outer end of said pin and adlustable to tighten said pin, and a locating member adjustably mounted on said body for engaging the inner end of said blade, said acute angle being such that said locating member is operable to drift said blade longitudinally outward against the restraining action of said pin when said clamping member is released.

6. A cutter having, in combination, a body having an outwardly opening slot therein defined by opposed side walls and a root surface, a blade snugly and slidably fitting said slot, angularly related grooves formed in adjacent side faces of the slot and blade, an elongated locking pin having longitudinal sections developed on the angular relationship of the grooves and adapted for insertion into said grooves from the outer end of said body, the angularity of the relationships of the grooves and of the pin sections being such as to effect a firm seating of the blade against the root surface as an incident to movement of said pin into said grooves and to permit drifting of said blade longitudinally of said slot toward the outer end of said body, adjusting means for moving the blades in such direction, and clamping means acting on the outer ends of said pins to move the pins into the grooves and thereby clamp the blades in an adjusted position.

GERARD A. DE V'LIEG.

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