US2182782A - Superheater boiler - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 12, 1939. J. A. BARNES SUPERHEATER BOILER Filed July 22, 1956 3 Shee ts-Sheet 1 INVENTOR Jaim fl. Barnes BY 0 ATTORNEY 1939- J; A. BARNES 2,182,782

I 1 SUPERHEATER BOILER Filed July 2 2., 1936 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEY 12, 1939. J. A. BARN ES SUPERHEATER BOILER 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed July 22, 1936 g INYENTOR 2 101m AZ Barnes ATTORNEY Patented Dec. 12,, 1939 UNITED STATES SUPERHEATER BOILER John A. Barnes, Chappaqua, N. Y., assignor to The superheater Company, New York, N. Y.

Application July 22, 1936, Serial No. 91,823

16 Claims. (01.12.2435) The present invention relates-to boilers and particularly to boilers provided with superheaters.

A feature of the present invention resides in an improved boiler construction affording protection to the superheater thereof when the boiler is being fired up.

A second feature consists of a novel method of regulating the temperature of superheated steam obtained from the boiler.

Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent upon consideration of the following description and appended claims when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings showing several illustrative embodiments of the invention.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic elevational View, partly in section,- of one form of boiler construction embodying the present invention.

Figs. 2, 3 and 5 are similar elevational views showing other boiler constructions in which the invention is embodied.

Fig. 4 is a sectional view, partly broken away, of the boiler illustrated in Fig. 5, and

Fig. 6 is a sectional view on the line 66 in Fig. 5 showing the arrangement of the tubes of the boiler illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5.

In the boiler shown in Fig. 1, the steam and water drum I extends across the upper part of one side of the boiler and is connected to the water drum II disposed therebelow by a bank I2 of generating tubes consisting of a plurality of rows of vertically disposed tubes. A pair of headers I3 and I4 extend across the opposite side of the boiler in positions vertically intermediate the drums I0 and II. Headers I3 and I4 are connected to steam drum III by rows of tubes I5 and I6, respectively, and to water drum II by rows of tubes I1 and I8, respectively. Header I4 is also connected to drum II by one or more rows of tubes IS.

The sides of the boiler are provided with water walls consisting of tubes 25 connected between upper and lower headers 26, 21, which in turn are connected to drums I0 and I I by circulating tubes 28. The tubes I6, I8 and side walls tubes 25 define a furnace space at one side of the drums III, II.

The tubes I5 and I9 have portions extending substantially horizontally across the furnace space at one side of the drums I0 and I I to divide the furnace space to form a pair of furnace chambers, a main chamber 20 and an auxiliary chamber 2I to which fuel is introduced by burners 22 and 23 individual to the respective chambers. The horizontally disposed portions of the tubes I5 are spaced vertically from the corresponding portions of the tubes I9 to provide room for accommodating the heat absorbing elements of a superheater 24.

The tubes of the innermost row in bank I2 have their. lower portions I2a in contact to form a baflie precluding the flow of gases directly from the main furnace chamber 2| through the tube bank I2. The upper portions I2b of alternate tubes in the innermost row are offset from the plane of the remaining tubes to provide openings placing the auxiliary furnace chamber- 20 in communication with the tube bank I2 and at least the horizontally disposed portions of the tubes I5; and I9 also, are spaced so that the combustion gases may flow from the lower chamber 2| across superheater 24 to the upper chamber 20 and mingling with the gases therein fiow therefrom through the tube bank I2.

The boiler construction illustrated in Fig. 2 is quite similar to that shown in Fig. 1. However, the rows of tubes 35 and 36 connected to steam drum I 0 and defining opposite walls and the bottom and top of the upper furnace chamber 20 are all connected into header I3. Header I3 is in turn connected to drums I0 and II by circulator tubes 31, 38 located exteriorly of the furnace chambers. The other intermediate header I4 is connected to steam drum I 0 by rows of tubes 39. In this arrangement the inclined portions of the tubes 35 and 39 extending from headers I3, I4 divide the furnace space into upper and lower chambers 20, 2I and are spaced vertically to accommodate the superheater 24.

In the boiler of Figure 3, a header 43 which extends across the lower portion of the boiler in a position intermediate the water drum II and the opposite side of the boiler is connected to the steam drum III by rows of bent tubes 40 and 4|. These tubes have vertically disposed portions arranged opposite bank I2 and divide the furnace'space, defined by water walls 25 and bent tubes 46 connected to drum III, into two furnace chambers 20 and 2 I. These rows of tubes also are spaced to accommodate the superheater 24 therebetween. Header 43 is connected to drum II by circulating tubes 44 and by tubes 45 to a chamber 20 in communication with the bank 2. Chamber 2| is placed in communication with the chamber 20, so that combustion gases flow across superheater 24 thereto, by spacing at least the vertical portions of the rows of tubes 40 and 4|.

In the construction shown in Figs. 4 to 6, the two furnace chambers 20 and 2| are formed by rows of tubes 50 and 5| connected into upper and lower headers 52 and 53, respectively, disposed normally with respect to the drums Ill and Il intermediate the ends thereof. These headers are connected to drums IO, N by tubes 54, 55. The rows of tubes 50 and 5| also are spaced to accommodate a superheater 24 and the lower header 53 to which they are connected receives water from drum through tubes 55. The wall of furnace chambers 20 and 2| which is opposite drums I and and also the roof of these chambers are formed by a row of bent tubes 56 con nected between drum l0 and a header 51 connected in turn to drum II by a row of tubes 59 defining the bottom of the furnace chambers. As

shown in Fig. 6, the tubes I20 of the innermost row of bank l2, which form the wall of chamber 2| opposite that in which burners 23 are located, are arranged in contact with each other. Thus, combustion gases are caused to flow laterally through the rows of. tubes 50 and in passing over the superheater 24 to the chamber 20 from which they pass to the bank |2 between the spaced tubes |2d of the innermost row.

In the operation of the several somewhat different arrangements shown in the drawings, firing up is effected by means of the burners 22 for the chamber 2|] and the superheater 24 is screened from the flames therein by rows of tubes |5, 35, 40 and 5|, (Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively). When pressure has been raised in the broiler, the burners 23 are placed in operation, and the burners 22 may be shut down or operated at less than their full capacity. As a result, the superheater is effectively protected during firing up inasmuch as it is not exposed to high temperature gases before the supply of steam is adequate to afford protection.

Regulation of the temperature of superheated steam obtained from the superheaters 24 may be effected by burning the greater part of the fuel required to maintain a determined load'in the chambers 2| from which the gases of combustion pass across the superheater 24 and through the furnace chamber 20 to the tube bank |2. The remainder of the fuel required is burned in the chambers 20 and passes to the tubes of the bank l2 without contacting the superheater 24. In

. the event that the superheat is too low, the relative proportions of the total amount of fuel burned in chambers 20 and 2| may be varied so as to increase the proportion burned in chamber 2| and decrease that burned in chamber 20 with the result that the temperature of the superheated steam is raised since the volume of gases flowing over the superheater is increased. Conversely, when the temperature of the superheated steam is too high the burners for the chamber 2| may be operated at a lower rate and the rate for the burners for chamber 20 may be increased, thus lowering the temperature of the superheated steam because combustion gases from chamber 20 in which the firing rate has been increased do not pass over the superheater 24.

Although several illustrative embodiments of the invention have been described herein, it is to be understood that there are many changes and variations which may be made Without depart from the spirit of the invention and therefore it is intended to include all such changes and variations within the scope of. the following claims.

What I claim is:

1. In a boiler having upper and lower drums interconnected by a bank of generating tubes; means defining a furnace space at one side of said bank; generating tubes connected into the circulation system of the boiler and having at least portions thereof arranged in spaced rows dividing said furnace space to form separate furnace chambers, the tubes of said rows being spaced so that one chamber communicates with the other; means precluding the direct flow of gas from said one chamber to said bank; fuel feeding means individual to said chambers; and a superheater having the heat'absorbing element disposed between said tube rows and exposed to combustion gases flowing from said one chamber among said tubes and through said other chamber to said bank.

2. In a boiler having upper and lower drums interconnected by a bank of generating tubes; means defining a furnace space at one side of said bank; spaced generating tubes connected into the boiler circulation system and having portions thereof. arranged in a row extending through said furnace space at a level intermediate said drums to divide it into communicating upper and lower furnace chambers, the upper chamber communieating with the lower and with said generating bank; means precluding the direct flow of gases from said lower chamber to said bank; separate firing means for said chambers; and a superheater having the heat absorbing elements thereof located between said chambers at one side of said row of tubes and contacted by combustion gases flowing from said lower chamber through said upper chamber to said bank.

3. In a boiler having upper and lower drums interconnected by a bank of generating tubes; means defining a furnace space at one side of said bank; tubes connected into the boiler circulation system and having portions arranged in spaced rows extending through said space at levels intermediate said drums to divide it into upper and lower furnace chambers, said portions of the tubes of said rows being spaced to place said lower chamber in communication with said upper chamber; means precluding the direct flow of gases from said lower chamber to said bank; separate fuel feeding means for said chambers: and a superheater having the heat absorbing elements thereof disposed between the rows formed by said tube portions.

4. In a bo ler having upper and lower drums interconnected by a bank of generating tubes; means defining a furnace space at one side of said bank; a header positioned opposite and vertically intermediate said drums; spaced generating tubes connected between said header and said upper drum and having portions arranged in a row dividing said space to form upper and lower furnace chambers, said upper chamber communicating with .the lower and with said tube bank; means precluding the direct flow of gases from said lower chamber to said bank; separate means for introducing fuel to said chambers; a superheater having the heat absorbing elements thereof extending beneath said row of generating tubes; other generating tubes connected to one of said drums and having portions arranged in a row extending between said superheater elements and said lower furnace chamber; and

ber defining portions thereof extend angularlywith respect to the latter and constitute the side of said upper chamber adjacent said bank.

6. A boiler as recited in claim 2 characterized in that portions of said tubes adjacent said chamber defining portions thereof extend angularly with respect to the latter and constitute the side of said upper chamber adjacent said bank; and other oppositely bent tubes having portions constituting the top and bottom of said upper and lower chambers, respectively, and the sides of said chambers opposite said bank.

'7. A boiler as recited in claim 2 characterized in that portions of said tubes adjacent said chamber defining portions thereof extend angularly with respect to the latter and constitute corresponding sides of said chambers located adjacent said bank.

8. In a boiler having upper and lower drums interconnected by a bank of generating tubes; means defining a furnace space at one side of said bank; a pair of headers extending across the side of the boiler opposite said bank in positions vertically intermediate said drums; spaced tubes having portions arranged in rows extending across said furnace space to divide it into communicating, upper and lower furnace chambers, the tubes that form one row connecting said upper drum to one header of said pair and the tubes that form an adjacent row connecting the other header to said lower drum with said tube portions of said one row spaced from the corresponding portions in said adjacent row to accommodate a superheater; separate fuel feeding means for each of said chambers; means precluding the direct flow of gases from said lower chamber to said bank; tubes connecting said one header to said lower drum; and tubes connecting said other header to said upper drum.

9. In a boiler having upper and lower drums interconnected by a bank of generating tubes; means defining a furnace space at one side of said bank; spaced generating tubes connected into the boiler circulation system and having at least portions thereof arranged in spaced vertical rows dividing said space to form separate furnace chambers one of which communicates with the other, while only the latter communicates directly with said bank; a superheater having the heat absorbing elements thereof disposed between said rows and exposed to combustion gases flowing from said one .chamber among said tubes and through said other chamber to said bank; and fuel feeding means individual to said chambers.

10. In a boiler having upper and lower drums interconnected by a bank of generating tubes; means defining a furnace space at one side of said bank: spaced generating tubes connected into the circulation system of the boiler and having portions extending in rows opposite said bank and dividing said space to form separate furnace chambers one of which communicates with the other and also with said bank, said rows of tubes being spaced to accommodate a superheater; a superheater between said rows of tubes; and fuel feeding means individual to each of said chambers.

11. A boiler as recited in claim 10 wherein the upper and lower ends of said rows of tubes connect respectively 'into the upper drum and a header that is positioned opposite said lower drum and which is connected thereto by circulating tubes.

12. In a boiler having upper and lower drums interconnected by a bank of generating tubes; means defining a furnace space at one side of said bank; spaced generating tubes connected into the circulating system of the boiler arranged in spaced rows intermediate the ends of said drums and normal to the longitudinal axes thereof for dividing said space to form separate furnace chambers one of which communicates with the other and also with said-generating bank; a superheater having the heat absorbing elements thereof disposed between said rows of tubes and exposed to combustion gases flowing from said other chamber and between said tubes through said one chamber to said bank; and fuel feeding means individual to said chambers.

13. A boiler as recited in claim 12 characterized in that said rows of tubes are connected into headers disposed normally to the longitudinal axes of said drums and connected into the circulation system of the boiler.

14. In a boiler having upper and lower drums, interconnected by a bank of generating tubes; means defining a furnace space at one side of said bank; a pair of headers positioned vertically intermediate said drums and opposite said bank; spaced generating tubes connected to said upper drum and having portions arranged in rows extending through said furnace space for dividing it into communicating upper and lower furnace chambers, the tubes that have portions forming one row being connected to one header of said pair with said tube portions spaced from corresponding portions of tubes that form another row and which are connected to the other header; separate fuel feeding means for said chambers; means precluding the direct flow of gases from said lower chamber to said bank; a superheater having the heat absorbing elements thereof disposed between said portions of said tubes and heated by gases from said lower chamber; and other tubes completing the connection of said headers to the circulation system of the boiler.

15. In a boiler; a pairof superposed drums; means defining a furnace space at one side of said drums; a bank of generating tubes interconmeeting said drums and having a plurality of adjacent tubes of its innermost row contacting each other to preclude the flow of combustion gases therebetween and the remaining tubes spaced to permit such flow; spaced generating tubes connected into the circulation system of the boiler and having at least portions thereof arranged in a row dividing said furnace space to form separate furnace chambers, one chamber communieating with said generating bank'through the spaced tubes of the innermost row thereof and 'theother chamber being cut off from direct communication with said bank by the contacting tubes of said bank row; fuel feeding means individual to said chambers; and a superheater having the heat absorbing elements thereof disposed at one side of said row of furnace dividing tubes and exposed to combustion gases from said other chamber only.

16. In a boiler having upper and lower drums interconnected by a bank of generating tubes; means defining a furnace space at one side of said bank; generating tubes connected into the boiler circulation system and having at least portions thereof arranged in a row dividing said space to form a main furnace chamber and an auxiliary furnace chamber, said tubes being spaced so that one chamber communicates with the other; a flue arranged to receive gases passheat absorbing elements thereof disposed at one side of said row of tubes and exposed to combustion gases flowing from said main chamber between said tubes, through said auxiliary furnace chamber and across said bank to said flue.

' JOHN A. BARNES.

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