US2178951A

US2178951A - Multiplying machine

Info

Publication number: US2178951A
Application number: US559946A
Authority: US
Inventors: James W Bryce
Original assignee: International Business Machines Corp
Current assignee: International Business Machines Corp
Priority date: 1931-08-28
Filing date: 1931-08-28
Publication date: 1939-11-07
Anticipated expiration: 1956-11-07

Description

Nov. 7, 1939. .1. w. BRYCE ULTIPLYING MACHINE Filed Aug- 28, 1931 6 Sheets-Sheecl 1 Y INVENTOIL BY .MM/QM ATTORNEYS. .L

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Patented Nov. 7, 1939 UNITED STATES ,uavai PATENT GFFICE MULTIILYING MACHINE poration of New York Application August 28,

20 Claims.

This invention relates to computing machines and more particularly relates to a simple device for effecting multiplication.

In previous machines which I have devised provision was made for effecting merging two numbers by setting up representation of all possible results which could be secured from one term of the computation and then reading out a particular result in accordance with the other term of the computation.

'I'he present invention has for its object the provision of a construction in which no set up of results is made. Instead provision is made for creating the particular result which is to come from the two entered factors, in a transient manner during the computing cycle of the machine. More particularly the machine is adapted to receive two factors of a computation and to directly and without a set up of a plurality of possible results emit a result to a receiving device.

Furthermore according to the present invention, the result is emitted in the form of one or more differentially timed electrical impulses which by their timing as related to the action of and the timing of the receiving device are adapted to represent one or more of the components of the result of merging the two factors.

Also according to the present invention an irnproved and more elaborate construction is provided in which provision is made for entering and multiplying multiple digital factors.

Accordingly the present invention has for its object the provision of a multiplying machine adapted to elfect multiplications of factors involving multi-denominational amounts by utilizing timed impulses derived from a multiplying commutator.

Provision is furthermore made for entering multi-denominational multiplier and multiplicand factors into the machine and for handling such multi-denominational factors after their entry.

Other objects of the present invention reside in novel column shifting means which are automatically brought into action to direct the timed impulses into the proper denominational orders of the accumulating devices.

Further objects of the present invention reside in the provision of a multiplying machine adapted to more rapidly handle the multiplying of multi-denominational amounts and in this respect the present invention is directed to a simpliiication of the machine shown and described Lil) 1931, Serial N0. 559,946

(Cl. 23S-61) in my copending application, Serial No. 244,594, filed January 5, 1928.

The present invention thus has among its objects the provision of a more simplified construction for effecting computing operations.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be hereinafter described in the accompanying specification and claims and shown in the drawings which by way of illustration show a simple embodiment of my invention.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of the complete machine;

Fig. 2 is a detail view of the ten-key factor entry devices used thereon;

Figs. 3, 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d taken together, show the complete circuit diagram of the machine and also show diagrammatically certain of the interior parts which are shown completely assembled and encased in Figs. 1; and

Fig. 4 is an example of a multiplying computation as performed by the machine and illustrates the successive steps of the machine which are required to obtain a product.

The embodiment of the invention shown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive will now be described. This machine in general comprises several separate sections which are coordinated for conjoint operation. For convenience in description each of these sections or assemblies will be separately explained. In general the machine may be stated to comprise factor entry sections, one for the multiplier and one for the multiplicand. While the invention is not limited to the particular form of factor entry means herein shown, such factor entry means as here disclosed comprise a tenkey type of entry means for the multiplier and an eighty-one-key type of entry means for the multiplicand. In Fig. 1 the ten-key multiplier entering means is shown at I0 and the eightyone-key type of multiplicand entry means is shown at Il.

The machine furthermore comprises a multiplying commutator section which is generally shown at I2 in Fig. 1. This multiplying commutator section takes the factors as derived from I0 and Il and merges them and controls the accumulation of partial products into the accumulating means. For speeding up operation of the machine dual accumulating devices are provided. One accumulating device generally designated I3 in Fig. 1, is of the type Well known in the tabulating machine art and comprises an electrically controlled accumulator of the well known Hollerith type provided with a readingout means for reading out the amount standing on the accumulator. This accumulator with its co-related reading-out mechanism is of the type which is shown and fully described in Lake United States Reissue Patent No. 16,304, dated March 30, 1926. The other accumulating means generally designated I4, is also of a type Well known in the art and may be the accumulator shown and described in Lake United States Patent No. 1,307,740, dated June 24, 1919. In its principles of operation, this accumulator I4 is identical with the accumulator I3 except that it is provided with the top reading-out section inasmuch as the accumulator I4 is intended to display the ultimate product and does not require the product to be in any way derived therefrom by the operation of the machine after it has been obtained.

The next general section of the machine comprises the column shift controlling section generally designated at I5. This column shift mechanism is adapted to electrically divert the impulsesderived from the commutating section I2 and from the keyb-oard sections into the proper columns in the accumulators I3 and I4 as the machine operation proceeds. It is furthermore adapted to indicate the column position and the status of the machine operation.

The machine also includes the usual operating parts which may be briefly discussed, although they are like those used in tabulating mechanisms at the present time. These operating parts include a driving motor M which may be of the constantly running type. This motor is adapted to drive certain co-related driving connections and uponthe actuation of a one revolution clutch I6 by and upon the energization of a magnet I'I, this driving motor is adapted to drive the main drive shaft I8 of the apparatus. The motor M also through a one revolution clutch I9 controlled by magnet 20 is also adapted to actuate a cam 2| which in turn aotuates the readingout devices for the accumulator I3 by rocking a lever 22 which is attached to the readout shaft 22a and appurtenant parts which are fully shown and described in the aforesaid Lake reissue patent.

The machine also includes a reset shaft 23 which for simplicity of illustration is here shown as adapted to be manually reset by a crank 24` The reset shaft 23 is adapted to reset the accumu lating devices I3, I4 and to also reset the column shift mechanism I5. Such reset is effected in the conventional manner as described in the aforesaid Lake reissue patent. Reset shaft 23 corresponds to reset shaft 71 of Fig. 1 of Reissue Patent No. 16,304. Shaft I8, the main counter drive shaft, corresponds to shaft 9 of the same patent. This shaft is geared to the clutch shaft in the usual way. The clutch shaft corresponds to clutch shaft 27 in Fig. 1 of Lake Patent No. 1,307,740 and to the corresponding unlettered clutch shaft shown in Figs. 17 and 20 of the reissue patent. The'readout shaft 22a corresponds to shaft 81 (Fig. 17) of the reissue patent. The magnets hereinafter described and shown in Figs. 3c and 3d and designated 59, 59a, 61 and 'II in counters I3, I4 and I5 correspond to the magnets 1 of Fig. 1 of Lake Patent No. 1,307,740 and to the unlettered magnets in Fig. 17 of Lake reissue patent which are marked 94a on the circuit diagram of said patent.

Inasmuch as the eighty-one-key factor entering mechanism must be released after a computation is complete, provision is made for utilizing the reset shaft 23 for releasing the keys. The keyboard latching devices are not herein shown as they may be of any well known type. However, the means for actuating the key release mechanism comprises a pivoted lever 25 which is actuated from a cam 26 fastened to the reset shaft 23.

Before describing the detailed operation of the machine the general sequence of operations will be first given with particular reference to Fig. 1 and the example shown in Fig. 4. Assume for example the multiplication indicated in Fig. 4 is to be performed upon the machine. The amount 8476 is set up on keyboard I I. The effect of this operation is to set up a double setting in the machine of each of the digits of the multiplicand. This setting on the table (Fig. 4) is represented by the two figures 8476 which appear directly over each other. The operator then depresses the 6 key on keyboard I 0. The result of this key operation is to effect the multiplication of the factor 6 by each of the digits of the multiplicand. The partial product results obtained are separated into right and left hand components. Each left hand component is shown upon the table directly over the corresponding digit of the multiplicand and each right hand component digit is shown below the lower multiplicand digit. Thus 6 times 8 equals 48. 4 appears above the upper 8 and 8 appears below the lower 8. Similarly for the next partial product 6 times 4 equals 24, 2 appears above the upper 4 and 4 appears below the lower 4.

In the operation of the machine these partial product components are made concurrently and as they are made the left and right hand components of partial products, i. e. 4243 and 8426 are entered simultaneously into accumulators I3 and I4 respectively. Each digital component, both right and left, is entered into a proper and coordinated column of the accumulator. The result of this operation is to set up on the left hand accumulator number 4243 and set up on the right hand accumulator the number 8426.

The above has traced the computing and multiplying operation for the first or left hand factor of the multiplier. Following this step the operator depresses the 9 key in the tens keyboard numbered ID. This effects partial product multiplication in a similar manner as before but upon the entry of the right and left hand components into the accumulators, where such component amounts are to be added to those already in the accumulators, the machine is adapted to automatically shift the columns of the entry of these components, one column to the right with respect to the amounts already in the accumulator. This will be clear in the example wherein 7365 is shown offset one column to the right with respect to 4243 which is already in the accumulator I3. Following this operation the 3 multiplier key is actuated and this effects another entry of numbers into accumulators I3 and I4 with the entries offset one additional column to the right as shown.

The result of these three operations is to set up 500071 in accumulator I3 and 873158 in accumulator I4.

It is now necessary to gather together these partial product accumulations into one complete and ultimate product. This is effected by the machine after a manual initiation by the operator and may conveniently be effected by pressing a reading-out or product key 21 on the keyboard I0. The operation of this key calls the reading-out mechanism into action and reads out the accumulation in I3 and enters it into accumulator I4. As shown in the example, Fig. 4, this entry is made offset one column to the left giving the ultimate answer of 5873868 which is the product of this computation.

It will therefore be understood that with the present machine the number of cycles to effect a multi-denominational multiplication will comprise one cycle for each denominational order in the multiplier with one additional machine cycle for gathering together the partial product accumulations.

A more detailed explanation of the mode of operation of the machine Will now be given with particular reference to Figs. 3 to 3d inclusive. In these figures corresponding parts to those in Fig. 1 are given similar reference numerals. It may be explained in Fig. 3c that the accumulator I4 is shown with shaded Wheels and the accumulator I3 with un'shaded wheels. Certain parts are conventionally illustrated, for example the one revolution clutches I6 and I9 respectively on Fig. 3d.

Multiplicand entry devices The multiplicand entry device comprises keys 3I. There are as many-banks of keys as there are denominational orders in the multiplicand. For each column of keys there is a differential swinging sector 32 associated therewith adapted to be differentially displaced in a well known manner by the key action to turn a pinion 33 to an extent determined by the depressed key. Pinion 33 carries two brushes 34a and 34h respectively. These brushes cooperate with a commutator with spot portions thereon as indicated by the numbers in Fig. 3b. The upper numbered spots are respectively electrically connected to lines generally designated 35a and the lower spots are respectively connected to lines 35D.

As shown in Fig. 3b there is a. commutator for each denominational order of the multiplicand and each commutator has its spots correspondingly connected to the aforesaid lines. The brushes 34a and 34h are furthermore electrically connected to lines 36a and 36h, and inasmuch as these lines leading to the brushes are individual to each order separate reference numerals are given for each order, viz. 31a, 31h, 38a, 38h, 39a and 39h.

By setting the 8 key in the thousands place the eighth line of the 35a group through brush 34a is connected to line 36a, and concurrently the eighth line of the 35h group through brush 34h is connected to line 36h. Similar connections and settings are made for the hundreds, tens and unit orders, i. e. in the hundredths order the four line of the 35a group is connected to line 31a and the four line in the 35h group is connected to the 31h line. The connections in the tens and unit orders are Similar.

Multiplier entry devices This multiplier entry device comprises ten keys generally designated 40.

Referring now to Figs. 3 and 3a and Figs. 1 and 2, each key 40 upon its depression is adapted to actuate a common bail 4I. Actuation of this bail closes contacts 42. Each key 43 upon its actuation furthermore through the linkage generally designated 43 in Fig. 2, rocks a brush carrying member 44. As shown in Figs. 3 and 3a the brush carrying members 44 are individual to each of the keys, and carried by this brush carrying member are two sets of brushes 45a and 45h. The actuation of the selected multiplier key is adapted to bring its coordinating set of brushes into contact relation with the multiplying commutator 46.

. 2a, 3a, 4a, etc. and also Ib, 2b, 3b, etc.

Multiplyz'ng commutator The multiplying commutator 46 is shown developed in Figs. 3 and 3a and is furthermore shown in assembled relation in Fig. 3c. This multiplying commutator is gear driven from the main drive shaft I8 of the machine and rotates in timed relation with this shaft and with the clutch shafts of the accumulating devices which are also driven thereby in the usual manner.

As previously stated the actuation of any one of the multiplier keys has closed contacts 42. Closure of these contacts establishes a circuit from battery or other source of power B through the contacts 42 through contacts 41 which are closed except when the product key 21 is operated, thence through controlling resistance 48, clutch magnet I1 and back to battery. Energization of I1 as previously described initiates rotation of the main drive shaft I8 and with it the commutator 46 and the clutch shafts in the coordinated accumulating sections.

It will be assumed that the number 6 multiplier key is depressed. This has brought the sets of brushes 45A and 45B into contact with the multiplying commutator. This multiplying commutator comprises a multiplicity of sections The former eight sections (2a to 9a) are for emitting left hand components and the latter nine sections (I b to 9b) are for emitting right hand components.

As shown in the diagram each commutator section has various contact surfaces or spots thereon such as 49a, and 49h. These various spots are in alignment with the brushes 45a and 45h and are also electrically connected to a common bar 50. The arrangement and disposition of the spots is coordinated with reference to the kind of computation which it is desired to make and are also coordinated in their timed relation to the accumulating devices. These spots and brushes are adapted during the computing cycle of the machine to emit differential timed impulses and enter result-s into the accumulating devices.

The entering operation can be best understood by taking a specific example. In the specific example traced, 8476 will be multiplied by 6 and for this example the suffix letters will be capitalized to facilitate tracing of the circuits. The cycle for the multiplication of 6 times 8 Will be rst traced notwithstanding the fact that the multiplication of the other digits in the multiplicand occur concurrently in the same machine cycle.

Again referring to Fig. dby the setting of the 8th key in the thousands order has placed line 36a in electrical connection with the eight line of the 35a group, which line will be designated 35u-8. The brush 45A--8 is also in electrical connection with this line. As the commutator rotation proceeds no current will flow through the line 35u-.8 until brush 45A-8 encounters Contact spot 49A-8. This will take place at the 4th index point in the cycle of the commutator and of the accumulator devices. When such brush 45A-8 encounters spot 49A-8 current will flow from the source B through line 5I through common conducting segments 50 thence to live spots 49A-8 through the brush 45A8 through the line 35u- 8 down through brush 34a through line 36a to the column shift device. Before tracing the circuit through this column shift device it will be briefly explained.

Column shift device The column shift device comprises a roll commutator shown and developed in Fig. 3c at 52 and shown in assembled relation to Fig. 1 and Fig. 3d. The column shift device is stationary during the entire adding cycle of the machine and after the adding cycle is completed during the transfer operation and the cycle of the accumulators, this column shift commutator is adapted to be advanced one step by means of a clutch device 53 which is similar in all respects to the usual differential clutches used in the accumulating device. The circuit for actuating this clutch will be subsequently traced.

Again referring to the previous description, current flows along line 36a to a brush 54 operating with segment 55 upon the column shift commutator. The rst section of the column shift commutator has a spot 56 electrically connected to 55 and in alignment with a cooperating brush 51 which brush is connected to a line 58 leading to the left hand clutch magnet 59 of accumulator I3. The energization of magnet 59 at the 4 index point of the cycle will place 4 on the corresponding wheel B0. The circuit leaves the magnet 59, passes through the usual contacts and flows back through line 6I to ground and back to source.

In the above manner the number 4 which is the left hand component of the partial product multiplication of 6 times 8 appears upon the left hand wheel of the accumulator I3.

Concurrently with the foregoing operation brush 34h will have established communication between group of lines 35h-8 and line 36h. Brush 45E-B is in electrical connection with these connected lines and this brush traverses the multiplying commutator until it encounters a spot 49E-8, which as shown in the diagram is at the 8th index point position. Current then flows as before from the source B through this spot 49B--8 through brush 45E- 8, line 35h- 8, line 36h to the brush 62, segment 63, spot 64, brush 65 through wire 66 to the appropriate clutch member 61 of accumulator I4 and thence back through wires 6I and ground to source. This operation has entered the number 8 in the second accumulator wheel from the left in accumulator I4.

The above has traced the operation for the entry of the partial product resulting from 6 times 8 in the thousands' order of the multiplicand.

There will now be briefly traced the action in the hundreds order of the multiplicand wherein the 4 key is depressed connecting the 4th line of the 35a group to line 31a and the 4th line of the 35h group to line 37b. Line 35u-4 with its brush eventually encounters spot 49A-4, which spot is at the number 2 index point position in the adding cycle. This current impulse then flows as before to the appropriate column of the accumulator I3 which is one place to the right of the previous entry. Similarly the right hand component is entered into the appropriate column of the accumulator I4.

It will be understood that the entry into the various columns of the accumulators as above described takes place concurrently over all of the various orders, hence in one cycle of the multiplying commutator there is an entry into the accumulator I3 of the amount 4243 and an entry into the accumulator I4 of the amount 8426 in their proper denominational orders.

Having now entered the first components into the respective accumulators it is necessary that the denominational order of entry into the respective accumulators be shifted one place to the right to receive the next group of partial product components. This is effected after the first adding cycle in the following manner. Current flows from source B through line 5I, common segment 50 on the multiplying commutator, spot 68, brush 69, wire '10, magnet 1I, wire 5I and back to source. Energization of 'II acts through its associated clutch 53 to turn the column shift commutator one step in advancing direction. The effect of this action is to open the outgoing circuit which previously left the column shifting commutator at brush 5l and to establish another circuit through the brush 13. This brush 'I3 is connected in a circuit 13a leading to a magnet 59a which is associated with the accumulator adding wheel one place or column to the right of the wheel which received the entry upon the previous cycle. Thus after each cycle, column shifts are effected adapted to enter the differential impulses in the next columns to the right in the accumulator. Such operation takes place on the other denominational order circuits of the column shift commutator and accumulator as will be readily understood. The column shift commutator 52 is actuated through the conventional clutch 53 just as a counterwheel would be clutch actuated to add 1. For example, clutch 53 functionally corresponds to one of the clutch wheels 26 in Lake Patent No. 1,307,740.

A similar column shift commutator organization is likewise provided for entering the amounts into the accumulator I4 in proper columnar sequence. But this requires no detailed description as the mode of operation is the same as for the column shifting organization previously described. It is an exact duplicate of it.

In the present embodiment only three shift spots per section of the column shift commutator are shown, but it will be understood that any number may be provided depending upon the number of orders in the multiplier.

The number of sections of the column shift commutator that are required will depend upon the number of places in the multiplicand. In the present embodiment eight sections are necessary because four places are provided for in the multiplicand. With larger multiplicands a relatively greater number of sections will be provided.

The column shift commutator also affords a means for indicating to the operator the status of the operation of the machine and the column or denominational order upon which a multiplier factor is being entered. For this purpose the column shift commutator is provided with indicia 'I4 which is visible through a window 'I5 as shown in Fig. l. When the machine operation starts with the illustrated example, this indicator shows that the value of the multiplier is in the hundreds place. After the first factor has been' entered the column shift device will show that it is in the tens place and so on and after all entries are made the column shift device will disclose the words Press P Key" at the reading window 'I5 in Fig. 1, which indicates to the operator that he should then actuate the product key 21. After this is done the indicator will show the word Product.

Having now entered all of the partial products into the accumulators transfer of the amount from accumulator I3 to accumulator I4 is effected in the following manner.

The operator presses the product key 21 which closes contacts 42. Such action also opens contacts 41 which operation places magnet 20 in the circuit with I1 but cuts out resistance 48. Both 5 of the one revolution clutches I6 and I9 are then actuated concurrently. The amount standing on accumulator I3 is then read out therefrom in the conventional manner by the readingout devices generally designated a and this 1o reading of the amount which stands on accumulator I3 through the lines generally designated 16 is entered into accumulator I4. The machine operation is now complete and reset of both accumulators and of the column shift commutator 15 may be effected by operating the reset handle 24.

The read-cut devices 15a correspond to the readout devices designated 85, 86 and 84 in the Lake reissue patent but are differently diagrammatically illustrated to correspond to the customary 20 present practice of diagrammatically illustrating such read-cut switching means in patent and shop drawings.

With the machine herein shown for simplicity of illustration and explanation four denominational orders are shown for the multiplicand and three for the multiplier. If larger numbers are to be multiplied it will be understood that the accumulator adding wheel capacity must be increased accordingly. The column shifting mechanism also requires corresponding increase in capacity. The multiplying commutator organization, however, is adapted for problems of any size without further extension.

The multiplying commutator arrangement is adapted to only potentially deliver various product impulses. The actual impulses which it delivers, however, are determined conjointly by the multiplier entry devices and by the multiplicand entry device. The multiplying co-mmutator itself does not actually give out or emit impulses until l the multiplier brush circuits are established therewith, but even after this relation is established there must be a further selection through the multiplicand brush selecting devices and furthermore after both the multiplier and multiplicand circuits are established the impulses are not created until the commutator has cyclically advanced to an index point or points in its cycle which satisfles the conditions set up by the two entered factors. The impulses are then created but it requires the timed coordination of the receiving devices, namely, the accumulators to evaluate the impulses and to turn them into real numbers representative of the products. Hence the actual product is not obtained until the accumulating cycle is complete. The operation is therefore an entirely transient phenomenon which requires a dual selection and a timed relation of the multiplying commutator action with that of the receiving devices.

The commutator device shown is potentially capable of concurrently emitting in any one cycle of operation thereof (i. e. one complete rotation) all of the impulses which are representative of the products of all of the digits of both of the factors involved when the brush circuits are established therewith. To explain more fully, assume that all of the keys 40 are to be actuated so that their corresponding brushes are all in contact with the commutator, then as the commutator revolves to its different index point position as each index point is reached there is the potential capability of closing circuits and sending out impulses representative of the products of all of the digits which are represented by the keys by each of the values assigned to the corresponding index point position of the commutator. The above law of operation is true notwithstanding that in ordinary computing, one key 40 is only used in any one cycle of the commutator. By employing this form of construction the cyclic time of operation of the commutator is saved since the computator is always ready to handle any problem without any idle and unnecessary cycles intervening before the computation actually is performed. The commutator, therefore, can be said to be potentially capable of concurrently emitting initially from the beginning of its computing cycle and during one cycle of operation impulses representative of all possible products. Expressed in mathematical language this amounts to stating that the cornmutator is potentially capable of emitting a series of progressions which are based on the notation used in the computation. The notation in the present instance is a tens notation. For example, zone I b in Fig. 3 can emit the progression based upon one or unity which is 9-8-7-6-5 etc.

Zone

2a and 2b together may emit the progression based upon 2, thus 18, 16, 14, l2, 10, 8, 6, etc. 3a and 3b can emit a progression based on 3, thus 27, 24, 21, 18, 15, 12, etc. and so on through the other zones until 9a and 9b are reached where there is formed a progression based upon 9. Thus one cycle of operation of the commutator and in the same cycle and concurrently in that cycle there is a potential capability of supplying all the progressions which are required for any multiplying computation to suitable selecting and receiving devices.

In this manner the device differs from the construction disclosed in my copending application Serial No. 244,594, filed January 5, 1928, inasmuch as the present construction does not set up any plurality of potential products and make a selection therefrom. On the other hand it creates only the impulses which are required to represent the desired product digits. Other impulses for other products while potentially capable of being made after the proper factor entries are effected are not created at all when a particular set of product impulses is formed.

The devce furthermore distinguishes in that such product impulses are formed directly from the factor entry devices by the commutator and there is in no way any storage of products in any form whatsoever. As soon as the product impulses are created they are imparted to the accumulating devices without any intermediate storage of products.

The term notation will be used to designate a group of numbers which have significance as a group, such as 0, l, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, these being the numbers used in the decimal notation. Similarly the groups of numbers 0 to 11 inclusive, also comprise a notation, for example a duodecimal notation. Duo-decimal notation is defined in Funk & Wagnalls dictionary as denoting or connected with the system of reckoning by twelves or a notation whose base is twelve. Obviously in mathematics there are other notations. While ihe machine herein described is adapted for use for any notation it has been shown and described specifically as employing the decimal notation, which in the dictionary is dened as Decimal as follows: decimal arithmetic based upon the use of the Arabic notation, sometimes calculations in decimals.

According to the present invention the emitter is potentially capable of emitting differentially timed impulses representative of the numbers of the notation used in the calculation, and more particularly impulses representative of a progression based on one of the factors. cal value of the impulses is related to the differential time of emission of the impulses. The impulses as emitted by the emitter upon lines 35a and/or 35h are wholly without denominate Value and may represent values in the result as units, tens, hundredths and so on. The first allocation of denominate value is determined by the multiplicand selectors and there may be a further denominate allocation by the column shift device. However, as originally created and as originally impressed upon lines 35a and/or 35h the impulses are not in any way related to the denominate value of the magnets of the accumulator to which the impulses ultimately now. Any given impulse as originally emitted by the emitter may flow into one of the denominate orders in the result receiving device or more than one of such orders or into all orders all as selected by the multiplicand selectors.

The present application constitutes a consolidation of my two copending applications Serial No. 242,680, filed December 2'7, 1927 for Computing machines and Serial No. 248,315, filed January 21, 1928 for Multiplying machines.

What I claim is:

1. A calculating machine for performing multiplication including dual product accumulating means adapted to receive concurrent entries, driving means for each of said dual accumulators, an impulse emitter driven synchronously with the dual accumulator driving means to make one complete revolution for each revolution thereof and during which revolution entries may be concurrently effected into both accumulating means, said emitter having a plurality of spots thereon to represent the digits of the notation employed in the computation, factor entry means for both factors of the computation, means under the control of one of the factor entry means for coordinating the emission of differentially timed impulses from the emitter to represent all possible partial products involving the first entered factor, means under the control of the other factor entry means for selecting the differentially timed impulses representative of the partial products involving the other factor.

2. A multiplying machine including factor entry means, and having in combination therewith two accumulating devices adapted to concurrently receive right and left hand components of products formed by multiplying a multi-denominational quantity by a single digit, a multiplying means adapted to itself form differential timed impulses representative of said components, and to control said accumulators thereby, and means for creating said differential timed product impulses by the conjoint action of the factor entry means, and by the cyclic time of action of the multiplying means.

3. A multiplying machine including a cyclically operated electrical commutator which makes one complete cyclic revolution for each entering cycle of the receiving device, said commutator having a plurality of spots thereon, means for selecting for controlling action a group of said spots, said group itself occupying the entire computing cycle of the commutator, means for effecting a subselection of the spots of the previously selected group, said last means including means for securing a plurality of selections whereby multi-de nominational multiplication may be obtained.

4. A multiplying machine with only two groups The numeri- A of impulse lines one for lefthand components and another group for right hand components irrespective of the number of denominational orders in the machine, means for effecting digital selection of the lines and for effecting denominational order selection upon said lines, and means for making a further selection of which impulses are to be imparted to the lines.

5. A multiplying machine with an impulse emitter which is potentially capable of emitting a multiplicity of impulses which are in groups, means for selecting which group of the said impulses are to be emitted, a double set of lines extending from the said selector, a second set of selectors associated with said lines with provisions for effecting multiple digital selection therefrom and for allocating denominational order values to the impulses emerging therefrom.

6. A multiplying machine with an impulse emitter commutator which is potentially capable of emitting a multiplicity of impulses, a factor entry means for making a primary selection of a group of impulses which the commutator may emit, only two groups of lines extending from said primary selecting means, one for left hand components and the other for right hand components irrespective of the number of denominational orders in the machine and the number of orders which are to be computed, a multi-denominational factor entry means constituting a secondary selector and cooperatively associated with both of the aforesaid groups of lines to effect a digital selection therefrom and to allocate denominational order values to impulses emerging therefrom.

7. The invention set forth in claim 6 in which a supplemental denominational order value selecting means is provided which cooperates with the other denominational order allocating means for controlling the ultimate columnar destination of the emitted impulses at each emission of impulses and after each entering cycle.

8. The invention set forth in claim 6 in which a supplemental denominational value selecting means is provided cooperating with the other denominational order allocating means for controlling the ultimate columnar destination of the emitted impulses and in which means is provided for automatically calling the same into action after each action of one of the factor entry means and after each emission of impulses and after each entering cycle.

9. A multiplying machine including two accumulating devices adapted to concurrently receive right and left hand components of a product formed by multiplying a multi-denominational quantity by a single digit and having in combination a multiplying means adapted to emit differential timed impulses representative of said components and to control said accumulators thereby and dual factor entry means adapted to directly conjointly control the creation and emission of the aforesaid differential timed impulses by said multiplying means.

10. A multiplying machine with an impulse emitter, a pair of accumulators each with differential actuating means, driving means for the differential actuating means of both accumulators and for th-e emitter for imparting rotational movement of coordinate extent concurrently to the emitter and to the said differential actuating means of both accumulators, factor entry means for both factors, at least one of said factor entry means being of multi-denominational form, lines leading from the differential actuating means of the accumulators and two interconnected selectors intermediate said lines and the emitter, one selector being under the control of the factor entry means for one factor and the other selector means being under the control of the other factor entry means.

11. A multiplying machine with a pair of accumulators each having multidenominational differential actuating means for causing item entry under control of differentially timed impulses, a source of current, an impulse emitter receiving current from said source, driving means for said differential actuating means of both accumulators and for said emitter to drive the emitter through Yone complete revolution upon each revolution of the driving means and during a concurrent entry cycle of both accumulators, lines intermediate the differential actuating means of the accumulators and the impulse emitter, two factor entry means, and selecting means controlled thereby and cooperating with said lines, one for selecting a group of differentially timed impulses derived from the emitter and the other for making a multi-denominational selection of certain timed impulses from the previously selected group and thus controlling the transmission of the finally selected impulses over a part of the lines to the multi-denominational differential actuating means.

12. A multiplying machine including in combination, an emitter, factor entry means, two sets of lines for transmitting differentially timed impulses, said emitter and factor entry means conjointly causing and controlling the impression of differentially timed impulses upon said two sets of lines which impulses are representative of all of the possible partial products of all of the digits of the notation times the entered factor, accumulating means, and multi-denominational factor entry impulse selecting means cooperating with both of the sets of lines to select out therefrom and denominationally allocate impulses representative of the right and left hand components of the partial products of the second factor times the first factor, and other partial product impulse lines extending directly from the last mentioned multi-denominational selecting means to the accumulating means, the aforesaid accumulating means comprising two accumulators, one of which receives left hand components of partial products concurrently with the receipt by the other accumulator of right hand components of partial products.

13. A multiplying machine including in combination a source of energy, an impulse emitter deriving energy from said source, dual factor entry means, one of which is in multi-denominational form, a pair of accumulating means each with differential actuating means, common driving means for the differential actuating means of both accumulators for driving them concurrently, said common driving means and emitter being cyclically operated in synchronism with each other so that the impulse emitter makes one complete revolution for each revolution of the driving means and during a cycle in which a pair of concurrent entries may be effected into both accumulators, said diiferential actuating means of both accumulators being controlled directly by the impulses derived from the emitter as selected by the factor entry means, the aforesaid emitter being so disposed with respect to circuits to the accumulator that at the emitter, the impulses created by the emitter have numerical signicance only.

14. A multiplying machine with dual electromagnetically controlled accumulators for receiving concurrently entries of left hand and right hand components of partial products, multiplicand selectors and multiplier selectors, two sets of lines leading from the accumulators to the multiplicand selectors and two sets of lines leading from the aforesaid multiplicand selectors to the multiplier selectors, and an impulse emitter operating in timed coordination with the accumulators for creating impulses and impressing the same through the multiplier selectors and through the two sets of lines to the multiplicand selectors and thence therethrough and through the other two sets of lines to the accumulators.

15. The invention set forth in claim 14 in which column shift switching mechanism is provided in the lines extending to the accumulators and between the same and the multiplicand selectors for effecting column shift of the entries into the accumulators after each concurrent entry of the left and right hand components of the partial products.

16. In an accounting machine having an emitter with provisions for emitting timed impulses having a differential timing in accordance with numbers of a notation, and a receiving device operating in synchronism with the emitter, a plurality of lines leading from the emitter, one line for each digit of the notation, selecting means cooperatively associated with the individual lines, lines from the selecting means to the receiving means, said selecting means having provisions for allocation of denominational value and for selection of a digit or digits of a notation.

17. In a computing system, a plurality of accumulators for indicating components of products, a multiplying commutator for controlling the accumulators, and means for transferring a component of the product from one accumulator to another.

18. In a computing system, electrical circuits, means for making circuit connections to set up a multiplicand and a multiplier, rotatable multiplying means for multiplying all digits of the multiplicand by one digit of the multiplier in each cycle of rotation, an accumulator for registering the tens part of each product so effected, an accumulator for registering the units part of each product so effected, and means for transferring the tens part of the product from the tens accumulator to the units accumulator.

19. A multiplying machine comprising multidenominational order accumulating means, multi-denominational circuits extending thereinto, a second set of circuits having no denominational characteristics, said last mentioned circuits being coordinated to numerical values only, an impulse emitter for impressing impulses whose differential timing is representative of numerical Values only on said last mentioned set of circuits, said impression of impulses upon said circuits being under the control of the emitter, a factor entry selecting means and a second factor entry selecting means between the first mentioned multidenominational set of circuits and the second mentioned set of circuits for selecting impulse flow and allocating denominational Values to the 'impulses which flow to the accumulator, the

aforesaid multi-denominational circuits comprising two sets of denominational circuits, each set extending to a respective accumulator, said second set of circuits comprising two set of numerical value line circuits, one set carrying impulses representative of right hand component products which makes one complete revolution for each entry cycle in which a pair of component entries may be made concurrently into the said accumulators, factor entry means set according to the multiplier and multiplicand, impulse flow selecting means controlled conjointly by both factor entry means and cooperatively related with the impulse emitter to determine what partial product component representing impulses are to be sent by it to the differential actuating means of the accumulators.

JAMES W. BRYCE.