US2178149A - Bearing combination - Google Patents

Bearing combination Download PDF

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Publication number
US2178149A
US2178149A US246543A US24654338A US2178149A US 2178149 A US2178149 A US 2178149A US 246543 A US246543 A US 246543A US 24654338 A US24654338 A US 24654338A US 2178149 A US2178149 A US 2178149A
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Prior art keywords
bearing
skin
liner member
found
layer
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Expired - Lifetime
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US246543A
Inventor
Randolph L Strickland
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Detroit Aluminum and Brass Corp
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Detroit Aluminum and Brass Corp
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Priority to US246543A priority Critical patent/US2178149A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
    • F16C33/121—Use of special materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
    • F16C33/122—Multilayer structures of sleeves, washers or liners
    • F16C33/124—Details of overlays
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
    • F16C33/122—Multilayer structures of sleeves, washers or liners
    • F16C33/125—Details of bearing layers, i.e. the lining
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/10—Alloys based on copper
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/30—Alloys based on one of tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, indium, e.g. materials for providing sliding surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
    • F16C2204/30—Alloys based on one of tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, indium, e.g. materials for providing sliding surfaces
    • F16C2204/34—Alloys based on tin
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
    • F16C2223/30—Coating surfaces
    • F16C2223/70—Coating surfaces by electroplating or electrolytic coating, e.g. anodising, galvanising
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/937—Sprayed metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12785—Group IIB metal-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12882—Cu-base component alternative to Ag-, Au-, or Ni-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12903—Cu-base component
    • Y10T428/1291—Next to Co-, Cu-, or Ni-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12986—Adjacent functionally defined components

Definitions

  • This invention relates to hearing combinations, such as those including a shaft member and a bearing.
  • a known type of bearing for shafts consists of ii a soft liner member on a hard backing.
  • the liner member conforms itself to minute variations in contour of. the shaft during the running-in period and also absorbs particles which may be found in the normal clearance between the shaft 30 and the bearing.
  • One object of the invention is to provide a 15 bearing combination in which this cracking tendency is reduced without impairment of the tendency of the liner member to conform to the shaft or to absorb particles.
  • This object I attain by providing a 'skin on that surface of the 20 liner member which is near the shaft member. The characteristics of the skin will be described below.
  • Fig. 1 shows one half of a cylindrical sleeve type bearing of my invention
  • Fig. 2 shows two halves of a cylindrical or 30 sleeve type bearing assembled.
  • the drawing shows a sleeve type bearing consisting of two halves, each comprising a hard backing I0, a soft liner member H, and a skin l2.
  • the halves meet on lines Hi to define space 35 i5 in which may rotate a shaft member, not shown.
  • the backing is of hard steel
  • the liner member is a soft alloy, such as cadmium base babbitt.
  • the present known characteristics and require- 40 ments of this skin are as follows: First, it retards cracking of the liner member. Second, it has a lesser tendency to crack than does the liner member. Third, it does not impair the tendency of the liner member to conform to minute varia- 45 tions in contour of the shaft member. Fourth, it does not prevent particles from escaping from the normal clearance between the bearing and the shaft member.
  • alloy coating or a copper-nickel coating comprising a thickness of copper and a thickness of nickel.
  • the skin may well be formed of a plurality of layers of one or more of these or other metals.
  • the 5 skin may be formed on the lining in any suitable manner, such as dipping, spraying, plating, fusing, high pressure, etc.
  • annealing to form an alloy between the liner member and the skin, has proven desirable.
  • the skin to be satisfactory, must be thick enough so that it will function to lessenthe tendency of the liner member to crack under load and yet be thin enough to permit the particles to penetrate it or indent it to the extent indicated. I have found that if the skin be too thin, it will not be crack-free, nor will it lessen the tendency of the liner member to crack; on the other hand, if too thick, the skin will not be penetrable nor indentable by the particles that are found in the normal clearance between the shaft member and bearing.
  • the backing was of low carbon steel, 2 inches in diameter, .037 inch thick;
  • the liner member was .015 inch thick and (a) a babbitt of 3% copper, 7% antimony, and 90% tin; (b) a babbitt of 1.3% nickel, 98.7%
  • the skin was of pure copper, .00005 inch 40 thick; it was applied by electroplating, using a current density of 15 amperes per square foot in a cyanide solution for approximately two minutes.
  • the bearing shown is in conformity with the foregoing.
  • a hearing consisting of three integrally united layers, the outer ones being a supporting layer and a bearing layer, respectively, the supporting layer being of hard metal, the intermediate layer being of a soft readily conformll able particle absorbing bearing metal, and the bearing layer being a very thin hard coating or skin which prevents cracking of the intermediate layer.
  • a bearing consisting of three integrally united layers, the outer ones being a supporting layer and a bearing layer, respectively, the supporting layer being of hard metal, the intermediate layer being of a soft readily conformable particle absorbing bearing metal, and the bearing layer being a very thin hard coating or skin which prevents cracking of the intermediate layer and which is hard enough to resist crackdiate layer being of a soft readily conformable particle absorbing bearing metal, and the bearing layer being a very thin hard coating or skin which prevents cracking of the intermediate layer and which is thin enough to permit particles to be absorbed by the intermediate layer.
  • a bearing consisting of three integrally united layers, the outer ones being a supporting layer and a bearing layer, respectively, the supporting layer being of hard metal, the intermediate layer being of a soft readily conformable particle absorbing bearing metal, and the bearing layer being a very thin hard coating or skin which prevents cracking of the intermediate layer and which is hard enough to resist cracking and which is thin enough to permit particles to be absorbed by the intermediate layer.

Description

Oct 1939- R. 1.. STRICKLAND BEARING COMBINATION Filed Dec. 19, 1938 Patented Oct. 3 1, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE BEARING OOIWBINATION Application December 19, 1938, Serial No. 246,543
4 Claims.
This invention relates to hearing combinations, such as those including a shaft member and a bearing.
A known type of bearing for shafts consists of ii a soft liner member on a hard backing. The liner member conforms itself to minute variations in contour of. the shaft during the running-in period and also absorbs particles which may be found in the normal clearance between the shaft 30 and the bearing.
A disadvantage of such bearings is that the liner members have a tendency to crack under load.
One object of the invention is to provide a 15 bearing combination in which this cracking tendency is reduced without impairment of the tendency of the liner member to conform to the shaft or to absorb particles. This object I attain by providinga 'skin on that surface of the 20 liner member which is near the shaft member. The characteristics of the skin will be described below.
Other objects and features of the invention will be brought out in the following description 25 and claims.
In the drawing,
Fig. 1 shows one half of a cylindrical sleeve type bearing of my invention;
Fig. 2 shows two halves of a cylindrical or 30 sleeve type bearing assembled.
The drawing shows a sleeve type bearing consisting of two halves, each comprising a hard backing I0, a soft liner member H, and a skin l2. The halves meet on lines Hi to define space 35 i5 in which may rotate a shaft member, not shown. In the bearing shown, the backing is of hard steel, and the liner member is a soft alloy, such as cadmium base babbitt.
The present known characteristics and require- 40 ments of this skin are as follows: First, it retards cracking of the liner member. Second, it has a lesser tendency to crack than does the liner member. Third, it does not impair the tendency of the liner member to conform to minute varia- 45 tions in contour of the shaft member. Fourth, it does not prevent particles from escaping from the normal clearance between the bearing and the shaft member.
I have found metal to be satisfactory for the 50 skin.
I have also found that of the metals, chromium, copper, or nickel are particularly suitable for the skin. In the bearing shown, copper is used for the skin.
68 I have found, as satisfactory for the skin, an
alloy coating or a copper-nickel coating comprising a thickness of copper and a thickness of nickel. I have found that the skin may well be formed of a plurality of layers of one or more of these or other metals. I have also found that the 5 skin may be formed on the lining in any suitable manner, such as dipping, spraying, plating, fusing, high pressure, etc. I have also found that annealing, to form an alloy between the liner member and the skin, has proven desirable.
I have also found that in some instances particles escape from the normal clearance by penetrating the skin, but without cracking it, so as to be embedded, wholly or partially, within the liner member, and in some other instances the partl- 1 cles escape from the clearance by forming cavities or pockets in the liner member and seating themselves therewithin, the cavities or pockets being indented into the liner member.
I have found that the skin, to be satisfactory, must be thick enough so that it will function to lessenthe tendency of the liner member to crack under load and yet be thin enough to permit the particles to penetrate it or indent it to the extent indicated. I have found that if the skin be too thin, it will not be crack-free, nor will it lessen the tendency of the liner member to crack; on the other hand, if too thick, the skin will not be penetrable nor indentable by the particles that are found in the normal clearance between the shaft member and bearing.
As examples of what I have found to be suitable bearings I give the following examples:
(1) The backing was of low carbon steel, 2 inches in diameter, .037 inch thick; (2) The liner member was .015 inch thick and (a) a babbitt of 3% copper, 7% antimony, and 90% tin; (b) a babbitt of 1.3% nickel, 98.7%
cadmium;
(3) The skin was of pure copper, .00005 inch 40 thick; it was applied by electroplating, using a current density of 15 amperes per square foot in a cyanide solution for approximately two minutes.
The bearing shown is in conformity with the foregoing.
Now having described a hearing which embodies my invention, I present the following 1 claims which define my invention.
I claim:
1. A hearing consisting of three integrally united layers, the outer ones being a supporting layer and a bearing layer, respectively, the supporting layer being of hard metal, the intermediate layer being of a soft readily conformll able particle absorbing bearing metal, and the bearing layer being a very thin hard coating or skin which prevents cracking of the intermediate layer.
2. A bearing consisting of three integrally united layers, the outer ones being a supporting layer and a bearing layer, respectively, the supporting layer being of hard metal, the intermediate layer being of a soft readily conformable particle absorbing bearing metal, and the bearing layer being a very thin hard coating or skin which prevents cracking of the intermediate layer and which is hard enough to resist crackdiate layer being of a soft readily conformable particle absorbing bearing metal, and the bearing layer being a very thin hard coating or skin which prevents cracking of the intermediate layer and which is thin enough to permit particles to be absorbed by the intermediate layer.
4. A bearing consisting of three integrally united layers, the outer ones being a supporting layer and a bearing layer, respectively, the supporting layer being of hard metal, the intermediate layer being of a soft readily conformable particle absorbing bearing metal, and the bearing layer being a very thin hard coating or skin which prevents cracking of the intermediate layer and which is hard enough to resist cracking and which is thin enough to permit particles to be absorbed by the intermediate layer.
RANDOLPH L. BTRICKLAND.
US246543A 1938-12-19 1938-12-19 Bearing combination Expired - Lifetime US2178149A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4308321A (en) * 1976-12-11 1981-12-29 Glyco-Metall-Werke Daelen & Loos Gmbh Laminated bearing material produced by thermokinetic plating
US20090145694A1 (en) * 2007-10-31 2009-06-11 Jochen Corts Lubrication Delivery System for Linear Bearings
US20090165521A1 (en) * 2007-10-31 2009-07-02 Jochen Corts Linear Bearing Plate for Rolling Mill

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4308321A (en) * 1976-12-11 1981-12-29 Glyco-Metall-Werke Daelen & Loos Gmbh Laminated bearing material produced by thermokinetic plating
US20090145694A1 (en) * 2007-10-31 2009-06-11 Jochen Corts Lubrication Delivery System for Linear Bearings
US20090165521A1 (en) * 2007-10-31 2009-07-02 Jochen Corts Linear Bearing Plate for Rolling Mill
US8210012B2 (en) 2007-10-31 2012-07-03 Corts Engineering Gmbh & Co. Kg Lubrication delivery system for linear bearings
US8353192B2 (en) 2007-10-31 2013-01-15 Corts Engineering Gmbh & Co. Kg Linear bearing plate for rolling mill

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