US2177449A

US2177449A - Antenna

Info

Publication number: US2177449A
Application number: US65765A
Authority: US
Inventors: Philip S Carter
Original assignee: RCA Corp
Current assignee: RCA Corp
Priority date: 1936-02-26
Filing date: 1936-02-26
Publication date: 1939-10-24
Anticipated expiration: 1956-10-24
Also published as: BE420226A

Description

Oct. 24 1939. P. s, CARTER 2,177,449

ANTENNA Filed Feb'. 26, 1936 may FREQUENCY APPARATUS HIGH FREQUENCY APPARATUS INVENTOR.

PHILIP S. CARTER ATTORNEY.

Patented Oct. 24, 1939 PATENT OFFICE ANTENNA Philip S. Carter, Port Jefierscn, N. Y., assignor to Radio Corporation of America, a corporation of Delaware Application February 26, 1986, Serial No. 65,765

7 Claims.

The present invention relates generally to antennas, and particularly to an antenna system for broadcasting, vertically polarized waves at the shorter Wavelengths.

Hitherto, when broadcasting at very short wavelengths for television or other purposes, the usual practice has been to use a simple vertical radiator. Such an arrangement produces equal radiation in all horizontal directions but small latitudinal concentration.

An object of the present invention is to enable substantially equal radiation in all horizontal directions and at the same time high latitudinal concentration of radiation.

Another object is to produce a relatively substantial increase of power horizontally over known types of antennas, and this, in general, is achieved by producing an antenna which reduces radiation at undesired angles to the horizontal.

In brief, the antenna of the invention consists of a combination of V wire radiators lying in vertical planes and arranged in a circle, or semi-circle, and energized cophasally to provide horizontal radiation patterns from adjacent Vs which partially overlap- In this manner there is obtained substantially equal vertically polarized radiation in all horizontal directions and a high latitudinal concentration of radiation.

A more detailed description in conjunction with drawing follows, wherein:

Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate plan views of two difierent embodiments of the present invention, and

Figs. 1a and 2a-illustrate side views of Figs. 1 and 2, respectively, along lines la1a and 2a2a.

Referring to Fig. 1, there is shown a top view of a plurality of V-type radiators I, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc., in different vertical planes, arranged in a circle around thecentral supporting pole P, the other ends of which are supported on poles P, P. The radiators are insulated from the poles P and P by insulators X. Each V radiator comprises a pair of wires which are angularly disposed with respect to each other and energized in phase opposition such that standing waves are produced on the wires and radiation is along the plane of the bisector of the angle of the V.

All the V radiators I 2, 3, 4, 5, etc., are energized cophasally with respect to each other from high frequency transmitting apparatus, shown in box form, over common transmission line TL. The spacing between the center points of diagonally. opposite Vs as measured along the bisector of the Vs, is made to be an integral number of wavelengths and depends upon the particular lengths chosen for the individual wires, the

latter of which are made such that the horizontal radiation patterns of adjacent Vs partially overlap. The term center point used in this paragraph and in the appended claims designates that point which lies on the bisector of the angle 5 formed by the wires and is midway between the projections of the wires of the V onto said bisector.

The radiation pattern of each V, the length of the wires and the angle between them may be determined by the laws outlined in great detail in my United States Patent No. 1,974,387, granted September 18, 1934, to which reference is herein made.

In effect, the arrangement described comprises a pair of conductive structures simulating opposed cones, Whose apices are adjacent each other, the upper wires simulating one cone while the lower wires simulate the other cone, the two simulated cones being in phase opposition with respect to each other and symmetrically located with respect to a common axis passing through their apices.

Fig. 2 shows an arrangement similar to Fig. 1 except that the Vs are arranged in a semi-cir cle. The system of Fig. 2 also produces equal radiation in all horizontal directions but is not as directive vertically as the arrangement of Fig. 1.

What is claimed is:

1. An antenna system comprising a plurality of V radiators disposed in vertical planes and so arranged that the wires of the Vs diverge from a central point, each V comprising a pair of wires angularly disposed with respect to each other and so constructed that standing waves are produced thereon and radiation is along the plane of the bisector of the angle of the V when said wires are energized in opposite phase with respect to each other, and means for energizing said Vs cophasally with respect to each other and the separate wires of each V out of phase with respect to each other, said Vs being so arranged and constructed that the upper and lower wires respectively lie in conical surfaces of revolution, the radiation patterns of adjacent Vs partially overlapping, whereby there is obtained substantially equal radiation in the horizontal plane and high longitudinal concentration of radiation, said Vs being arranged in a circle, the spacing, as measured along the bisector, between center points of oppositely located Vs in the same vertical plane being an integral number of wavelengths at the operating frequency.

2. An antenna comprising two structures located one above the other and supported in in- 5 sulated relation to one another, each structure comprising a plurality of separate radiating elements inclined with respect to the vertical and lying in a conical surface of revolution, there being at least six radiating elements in each structure, the radiating elements of each structure being connected together near the apex of the surface of revolution in which they lie, both of said structures having the same axis, the apices of said conical surfaces of revolution being adjacent to one another.

3. An antenna comprising two structures located one above the other and supported in insulated relation to one another, each structure comprising a plurality of separate radiating elements inclined with respect to the vertical and lying in a conical surface of revolution, there being at least six radiating elements in each structure, the radiating elements of each structure being connected together near the apex of the surface of revolution in which they lie, both of said structures having the same axis, each radiating element in one structure having a correspondingradiating element in the other structure, the apices of said conical surfaces of revolution being adjacent to one another.

4. The combination with an antenna comprising two structures supported in insulated relation to one another, each structure comprising a plurality of separate radiating elements inclined with respect to the vertical and lying in a conical surface of revolution, there being at least six radiating elements in each structure, the radiating elements of each structure being connected together near the apex of the surface of revolution in which they lie, both of said structures having the same axis, the apices of said conical surfaces of revolution being adjacent to one another, of high frequency translating apparatus coupled to said elements at points relatively close to the apices of the conical surfaces.

5. An antenna comprising two structures located one above the other and supported in insulated relation to one another, each structure comprising a plurality of separate radiating elements inclined with respect to the vertical and lying in a conical surface of revolution, there being at least six radiating elements in each structure, the radiating elements of each structure being connected together near the apex of the surface of revolutionin which they lie, both of said structures having the same axis, each radiating element in one structure having a corresponding radiating element in the other structure.

6. An antenna comprising two structures located one above the other and supported in insulated relation to one another, each structure comprising a plurality of separate radiating elements inclined with respect to the vertical and lying in a conical surface of revolution, each radiating element in one structure having a corresponding radiating element in the other structure, the rae diating elements of each structure being connect-V ed together near the apex of the surface of revolution in which they lie, both of said structures having the same vertical axis, and means for exciting each radiating element in one structure in opposite phase to the corresponding element in the other structure, the number of radiating elements in each structure being such that the resulting radiation therefrom is substantially the same in its distribution as that which would result from a continuous current sheet in the surface of revolution in which the elements lie.

7. Anantenna comprising two structures located one above the other and supported in insulated relation to one another, each structure