US2177434A - Spray oil emulsifier - Google Patents
Spray oil emulsifier Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2177434A US2177434A US264481A US26448139A US2177434A US 2177434 A US2177434 A US 2177434A US 264481 A US264481 A US 264481A US 26448139 A US26448139 A US 26448139A US 2177434 A US2177434 A US 2177434A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- emulsifier
- cottonseed
- bleachable
- spray
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 title description 18
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 title description 17
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 39
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 39
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 27
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 16
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 11
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 8
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 240000008415 Lactuca sativa Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000012045 salad Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000749 insecticidal effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 2
- PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylamine Chemical compound NC1CCCCC1 PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N (-)-Nicotine Chemical compound CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000004460 Tanacetum coccineum Species 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- ROVGZAWFACYCSP-MQBLHHJJSA-N [2-methyl-4-oxo-3-[(2z)-penta-2,4-dienyl]cyclopent-2-en-1-yl] (1r,3r)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@H](C=C(C)C)[C@H]1C(=O)OC1C(C)=C(C\C=C/C=C)C(=O)C1 ROVGZAWFACYCSP-MQBLHHJJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000286 fullers earth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008233 hard water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002540 isothiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UWRBYRMOUPAKLM-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead arsenate Chemical compound [Pb+2].O[As]([O-])([O-])=O UWRBYRMOUPAKLM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002715 nicotine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nicotine Natural products CN1CCCC1C1=CC=CN=C1 SNICXCGAKADSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950000688 phenothiazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001931 phytocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940015367 pyrethrum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940080817 rotenone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JUVIOZPCNVVQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N rotenone Natural products O1C2=C3CC(C(C)=C)OC3=CC=C2C(=O)C2C1COC1=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 JUVIOZPCNVVQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008234 soft water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003567 thiocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
Definitions
- This invention pertains to the manufacture of insecticidal spray oils and is more particularly concerned with a method of producing oils which are emulsifiable with water. Oils of this nature are hereinafter referred to as soluble or emulsible oils. These are ordinarily not mixed with water until immediately before they are to be sprayed.
- my emulsifier a mixture of sulfonated petroleum oil and cottonseed oil. Sulfonates produced in the sulfuric acid refining of lubricating oils are particularly suitable for use in preparing my emulsifier.
- One typical sulfonate which was suitable for the purpose of this invention had the following analysis by weight:
- Cottonseed oil is ordinarily sold in three forms, 1. e. crude, bleachable, and salad oil.
- Cruw oil When cottonseeds are subjected to pressing, either in the presence or absence of heat, an oil is obtained which is known as crude cottonseed oil.
- This crudev oil has a high free fatty acid content and a dark yellow color.
- the oil is then treated with caustic soda or other caustic alkali to produce an oil known as bleachable cottonseed oil.
- bleachable oil is then bleached by treatment with fullers earth and winterized, i. e. chilled to precipitate out stearines. Oil treated in this manner is known as salad oil.
- the bleachable cottonseed oil with petroleum sulfonate is a. superior emulsifier to either of its component parts and also that the bleachable oil produces a better emulsifier than either the crude or salad cottonseed oils.
- my emulsifier in preparing a soluble oil, although more or less may be used depending on local conditions, such as the type of agitator in the spray tank which is used in preparing and spraying the emulsion and whether a slow or relatively quick breaking emulsion is desired. For average conditions about 2% has been found to be adequate.
- the proportions of the components used in my emulsifier are not critical, but ordinarily I use about 1 part of the petroleum sulfonate to 2 parts of the bleachable cottonseed oil.
- the cottonseed itself has an insecticidal value
- any portion of this material which is added to the mineral oil does not reduce the insecticidal value of the finished product. It is permissible to add a higher percentage than indicated above of this bleachable cottonseed oil to the plant spray mineral oil, but is not desirable since it is more expensive. Also the cottonseed oil is less volatile than the plane spray mineral oil ordinarily used, so it is desirable to keep the amount of cottonseed oil to the minimum necessary for emulsification to avoid leaving a large amount of non-volatile residue on the plants sprayed.
- Plant spray mineral oils are well known to those skilled in the art. However, it might be said that, in general, suitable oils have a viscosity of from to 325 seconds Saybolt at 100 F. and have a high unsulfonatable residue, say or above by the California State Department of Agriculture method. For dormant spraying less highly refined oils may be used.
- hydrocarbon spray oils are good insecticides by themselves, they are not efiective against some insect pests. Therefore it is often desirable to add another insecticidal agent such as nicotine, lead arsenate, pyrethrum, rotenone, phenothiazine, thiocyanates or isothiocyanates.
- Another insecticidal agent such as nicotine, lead arsenate, pyrethrum, rotenone, phenothiazine, thiocyanates or isothiocyanates.
- the soluble oil described makes an excellent carrying agent for these additional insecticides, which may be dispersed or dissolved in the oil Without afiecting its emulsifying ability.
- An emulsible oil suitable for use as an insecticide in admixture with water comprising a petroleum sulfonate, bleachable cottonseed oil and a plant spray mineral oil.
- An emulsible oil suitable for use as an insecticide in admixture with water comprising from 97 to 99% parts of a plant spray mineral oil and from V to 3 parts of an emulsifier consisting essentially of bleachable cottonseed oil and a petroleum sulfonate.
- composition of claim 2 in which the ratio of petroleum sulfonate to bleachable cottonseed oil is about 1 to 2.
- An insecticidal emulsion comprising water, plant spray mineral oil and emulsifying amounts of a mixture of petroleum sulfonate and bleach able cottonseed oil.
- An emulsifiable oil suitable for use as an insecticide in admixture with water comprising a petroleum sulfonate, bleachable cottonseed oil and an active insecticide more powerful than petroleum oils.
- An emulsible oil suitable for use as an insecticide in admixture with water comprising about 98 parts of a plant spray mineral oil and about 2 parts of an emulsifier consisting essentially of bleachable cottonseed oil and a petroleum sulfonate.
Description
Patented Got. 241, 1939 U HE ,H'ZAIM SPRAY 01L EMULSIFIER No Drawing. Application March 27, 1939, Q
Serial No. 264,481
7 Claims. (c1. let-2s) This invention pertains to the manufacture of insecticidal spray oils and is more particularly concerned with a method of producing oils which are emulsifiable with water. Oils of this nature are hereinafter referred to as soluble or emulsible oils. These are ordinarily not mixed with water until immediately before they are to be sprayed.
It is the object of this invention to produce a new emulsible oil from readily available materials which can be safely used in either summer or dormant sprays, and which may be readily emulsified on being added to water. It is a fur' ther object to produce an oil which may be emulsified in either hard or soft water. Another object of this invention is to produce an oil which does not have an unpleasant odor and which will remain stable on storage. Another object of this invention is to produce a quick-breaking oil emul- SlOIl.
To accomplish these results, I use as my emulsifier a mixture of sulfonated petroleum oil and cottonseed oil. Sulfonates produced in the sulfuric acid refining of lubricating oils are particularly suitable for use in preparing my emulsifier. One typical sulfonate which was suitable for the purpose of this invention had the following analysis by weight:
Per cent Mineral oil 43 Sulfonated oil 52 Ash 1 Water 4 Petroleum sulfonates which are strongly acidic in nature are preferably at least partially neutralized with an alkali metal, anhydrous ammonia, or an amine such as triethanolamine or cyclohexylamine.
Cottonseed oil is ordinarily sold in three forms, 1. e. crude, bleachable, and salad oil. When cottonseeds are subjected to pressing, either in the presence or absence of heat, an oil is obtained which is known as crude cottonseed oil. This crudev oil has a high free fatty acid content and a dark yellow color. The oil is then treated with caustic soda or other caustic alkali to produce an oil known as bleachable cottonseed oil. This oil diifers from crude cottonseed oil in that it contains substantially no free fatty acids. bleachable oil is then bleached by treatment with fullers earth and winterized, i. e. chilled to precipitate out stearines. Oil treated in this manner is known as salad oil.
I have discovered that the bleachable oil makes This a superior emulsifier to the other two grades of cottonseed oil. In addition, the free fatty acids which are present in the crude cottonseed oil which has been used in the past as a spray oil emulsifier tend to render it phytocidal, so the 5 elimination of free fatty acids from my spray oil emulsifier represents a distinct advance in the art.
To show the superiority of my spray oil emulsifier over similar mixtures, and over its component parts, the following experiment was performed: 9.09 ml. of a blend of emulsifier in a plant spray mineral oil was added to 490 ml. of tap water. This mixture was agitated for 1 minute immediately after which a portion of the mixture was poured into a Babcock bottle and set aside for 1 hours. At the end of this time the amount of oil separated was read. The amount of oil remaining in the emulsion was as follows:
Oil in emul- Emulsifler sion after 1% hours Per cent None 3 1% salad cottonseed oil..." 10
1% bleachable cottonseed o 10 .167 petroleum sull'onate 47 333% salad cottonseed oiL. 80 .167 petroleum sulfonate. .333% crude cottonseed oil 79 167% petroleum sulfonate- .333% bleachable cottonseed o 91 .167 petroleum sullonate The percentages of emulsifier given are based on the amount of spray oil only, and are by volume.
Thus, it can be readily seen that the bleachable cottonseed oil with petroleum sulfonate is a. superior emulsifier to either of its component parts and also that the bleachable oil produces a better emulsifier than either the crude or salad cottonseed oils.
In use, I prefer to use from A2 to 3% of my emulsifier in preparing a soluble oil, although more or less may be used depending on local conditions, such as the type of agitator in the spray tank which is used in preparing and spraying the emulsion and whether a slow or relatively quick breaking emulsion is desired. For average conditions about 2% has been found to be adequate. The proportions of the components used in my emulsifier are not critical, but ordinarily I use about 1 part of the petroleum sulfonate to 2 parts of the bleachable cottonseed oil.
The cottonseed itself has an insecticidal value,
so that any portion of this material which is added to the mineral oil does not reduce the insecticidal value of the finished product. It is permissible to add a higher percentage than indicated above of this bleachable cottonseed oil to the plant spray mineral oil, but is not desirable since it is more expensive. Also the cottonseed oil is less volatile than the plane spray mineral oil ordinarily used, so it is desirable to keep the amount of cottonseed oil to the minimum necessary for emulsification to avoid leaving a large amount of non-volatile residue on the plants sprayed.
Plant spray mineral oils are well known to those skilled in the art. However, it might be said that, in general, suitable oils have a viscosity of from to 325 seconds Saybolt at 100 F. and have a high unsulfonatable residue, say or above by the California State Department of Agriculture method. For dormant spraying less highly refined oils may be used.
Although hydrocarbon spray oils are good insecticides by themselves, they are not efiective against some insect pests. Therefore it is often desirable to add another insecticidal agent such as nicotine, lead arsenate, pyrethrum, rotenone, phenothiazine, thiocyanates or isothiocyanates. The soluble oil described makes an excellent carrying agent for these additional insecticides, which may be dispersed or dissolved in the oil Without afiecting its emulsifying ability.
I claim as my invention:
1. An emulsible oil suitable for use as an insecticide in admixture with water comprising a petroleum sulfonate, bleachable cottonseed oil and a plant spray mineral oil.
2. An emulsible oil suitable for use as an insecticide. in admixture with water comprising from 97 to 99% parts of a plant spray mineral oil and from V to 3 parts of an emulsifier consisting essentially of bleachable cottonseed oil and a petroleum sulfonate.
3. The composition of claim 2 in whichthe ratio of petroleum sulfonate to bleachable cottonseed oil is about 1 to 2.
4. As an oil emulsifier the combination ofda petroleum sulfonate with cottonseed oil from which the free fatty acids have been removed by treatment with a caustic alkali.
5. An insecticidal emulsion comprising water, plant spray mineral oil and emulsifying amounts of a mixture of petroleum sulfonate and bleach able cottonseed oil.
6. An emulsifiable oil suitable for use as an insecticide in admixture with water comprising a petroleum sulfonate, bleachable cottonseed oil and an active insecticide more powerful than petroleum oils.
'7. An emulsible oil suitable for use as an insecticide in admixture with water comprising about 98 parts of a plant spray mineral oil and about 2 parts of an emulsifier consisting essentially of bleachable cottonseed oil and a petroleum sulfonate.
PAUL R. JONES.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US264481A US2177434A (en) | 1939-03-27 | 1939-03-27 | Spray oil emulsifier |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US264481A US2177434A (en) | 1939-03-27 | 1939-03-27 | Spray oil emulsifier |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2177434A true US2177434A (en) | 1939-10-24 |
Family
ID=23006253
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US264481A Expired - Lifetime US2177434A (en) | 1939-03-27 | 1939-03-27 | Spray oil emulsifier |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2177434A (en) |
-
1939
- 1939-03-27 US US264481A patent/US2177434A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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