US2176573A

US2176573A - System of photography

Info

Publication number: US2176573A
Application number: US744225A
Authority: US
Inventors: Hershberg Samuel
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1934-09-15
Filing date: 1934-09-15
Publication date: 1939-10-17
Anticipated expiration: 1956-10-17

Description

s. Q-IERSHBERG SYSTEM OF PHOTOGRAPHY Original Filed Sept. 15. 1934 9 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR 6AM EL HERSHBEPG- BY E Z ATTORNEY Oct; 17, 1939. s. HERSHBERG 2,176,573

SYSTEM OF PHOTOGRAPHY Original Filed Sept. 15, 1934 9' Sheets-Sheet 2 mam 3 INVENTOR SAMUEL 152568626- ATTORNEY 1939. s. HERSHBERG I SYSTEM OF PHOTOGRAPHY Original Filed Sept. 15. 1934 9 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR SAMUEL msnsflsfipa BY2 a ATTORNEY S. HERSHBERG SYSTEM OF PHOTOGRAPHY Oct. 17, 1939.

Original Filed Sep t. 15, 1934 9 Sheets- Sheet -4 INVENTOR 311M061. HEKSI/EERG Anomuza Oct. 17, 1939. s. HERSHBERG SYSTEM OF PHOTOGRAPHY Original Filed Sept. 15, 1934 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR SAMUEL HQGSHBERG- ATTORNEY I Oct. 17, 1939. .s, HERSHBERG 7 2,176,573

SYSTEM OF PHOTOGRAfI-IY Original Filed Sept. 15, 1934 9 Sheets-Sheet 6 INVENTOR 3 R snmua umsqsmc- BY z z ATTORNEY Oct. 17, 1939. s. HERSHBERG SYSTEM OF PHOTOGRAPHY 9 Sheets-Sheet 7 Original Filed Sept, 15, 1934 E Na .INQ ll QJ i$ Mus A5 Q. cm mam i. gm Ev a Eu 3% n =5 3m & K\ 58 INVENTOR SAMUEL He'ZSl/BekG ATTORNEY Oct, 17, 1939. s. HERSHBERG SYSTEM OF PHOTOGRAPHY Original Filed Sept."l5; l934 9 Sheets-Sheet 8 INVETOR Gil/W161. HG'ESHBERG" BYZ z 4 z ATTORNEY Oct. 17, 1939. s. HERSHBERG 2,175,573

SYSTEM OF PHOTOGRAPHY Original Filed Sept. 15, 1934 9 Sheets-Sheet -51 INVENTOR snmuel. HERSHBEEG- BY II a I/ ATTORN Patented on. 17, 1939 SYSTEM OF PHOTOGRAPHY Samuel Hershberg, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Application September 15, 1934, Serial No. 744,225 Renewed March 14, 1939 20 Claims.

This invention relates generally to photography, and more particularly to a system of photography whereby the lighting mechanism, the camera structure and development of the exposed sensitized material cooperate in a substantiaily automatic manner such that an artistic photograph results which heretofore could have been produced only in single operations by tedious hand means and by skilled operators. 9

The main object of this invention is the provision of a system of photography whereby an unskilled operator is enabled to produce a photograph of a quality comparable to that produced by a finished and experienced artisan, and where- 5 by a skilled and experienced artisan is enabled to p oduce more photographs in a g ven amount cf tim and'of a better quality than h retofore, owing t? a subs antial reduction in manual manipulation of the lighting means, focusing and 2c adjustment of the camera and the development of the eiiposed photographic paper Another 'bject of he invention resides in the provision of a system of photography whereby a finished p oof is furnished to the patron within a very short time after the sitting and with a ccmplete ehminatPon of the usual step of proofmaking Another object of the invention is the provision .of a system of photography whereby operating costs are reduced to a minimum owing to: saving of space by virtue of compact and cooperative arrangement of lighting unit, camera unit and developing unit; saving of power costs since bright illumination is used only during actual exposure time; saving of sensitized material costs as high-speed papers may be used in conjunction with the high actinic power of the lighting unit;saving in the cost of chemicals by eliminating inter-tank pollution in the developing unit; saving of labor by substantially automatic manipulation in all three of the aforementioned units; the production of a higher average of perfect prints, the result of proper composition, accurate exposure, scientific lighting, precise timing of development and exact mechanical manipulation.

A further feature of the system of photography, the object of the invention herein, resides in the elimination of guess-work in lighting, composi- 50 tion, exposure and finishing and the substitution thercforof a predetermined scientific technique.

Another feature of the system rests in the substitutionfor the ordinary stand, of a new and unique type of stand embodying an inclined stationary runway so designed that as the camera I is moved along the runway to and from the subject, it is automatically raised or lowered in a vertical plane so that a proper level and tilt of the camera is maintained.

A still further feature of the system in the 5 lighting unit is the provision of a process whereby a change in the lighting of the subject to conform with a change in the position of the subject is readily accomplished. This process involves the mere aiming of one mirror directed 10 to the sitter which act of aiming automatically shifts the light so that it falls upon the subject in the proper direction and intensity.

The aforementioned objects and features of the system of photography together with other incidental techniques and processes will herein after more fully appear in the process of this disclo'sure.

Since the invented system of photography herein involves the cooperation of a developing un t, a camera unit and a lighting unit, each unit will be separately described for purposes of clarity and the interrelationship thereof will be treated accordingly.

The accompanying drawings show preferred embodiments of structures which make possible the practice of the process herein disclosed, the said structures forming the subject matter of separate applications for patent, being a developing unit, a camera unit and a lighting unit, the said applications being identified as follows: Developing machine, Ser. No. 744,886, filed September 21, 1934, Camera, Ser. No. 744,887 filed September 21, 1934 and Photographic lighting system, Ser. No. 744,888, filed September 21, 1934.

In accordance with the drawings and the several views thereof, right and left-hand designations refer to the relative position of the operator standing at the rear of the camera and facing the subject.

Figure 1 is a left side view in elevation showing the camera on the inclined runway, the latter being the upperface for the developing unit casement. 1

Figure 2 is a left side view in elevation of the developing unit with the side wall of the casement thereof removed showing the housing of the base of the camera and means for the movement of the said housing along the runway.

Figure 3 is a. left side view in elevation of the camera structure proper with the side wall thereof removed. t

Figure 4 is a sectional view of Figure 3 along the line 4-4 thereof and shows the bellows 55 front plate and part of the shutter timing mechanism transvasesection along the line 3-3 of Figure 6.

Figure 9 Isa plan View of the light housings of Figure -7 along the line 8-! thereof.

Figure 101s avwirin'g diagram'showing scheelectrical circuits used in the practines: this system of photography.

Must-ii) inclusive as above described, set

, min the li hting unit.

inseam-dance with the invention and in accordance with the accompanying drawings, the

separate units of the invented system of photography, to wit, the developing unit, the camera unitand the lighting. unit are now to be described.

Developing unit The frame work of the developing unit comprises a plurality of longitudinal base bars 20,- front vertical uprights 23, intermediate vertical uprights I24 and rear vertical uprights 25, the said vertical uprights supporting at the tops thereof the inclined upper frame members 22.

3 Intermediate the height of-the front vertical uprights 23", there is supported a horizontal shelf 2I within thesaid frame work. Panels enclose 3h; framework on the front, rear and side walls,

whilea base plate is provided to form the flooring of thelapparatu's, the remaining top opening being covered by movable light proof curtains Iflgand 1134', the panels and base platesabove mentioned not being shown in the drawings specifically by numerals.

' The mechanism for feeding the previously exsensitized paper from the camera unit includes a conveyer I43 being either gravity acting or driven, but in the present embodiment of the.

"invention, the conveyer is represented as being a long trough substantially u-shaped in crossbein section and being mounted by hangers I44 and I44, said hangers depending from inclined upper frame member. 22, the said conveyer I45 parallel to the said upper frame member 22 The purpose of the conveyer is to receive a sheet of previously exposed sensitized material, which has been cut and dropped on to the said conveyer by the camera unit. The sensitized material}; mounted in the form of a roll in the camera unit, and the cutting results in the production of a definite and uniform size of sheet of sensitized material, the size being adapted to the proportions of the camera and developing units.

The camera unit Cooperating with the above described developing unit is a camera unit. The "casing I for the camera containing most of the camera elements penetrates and extends at the lower end upper frame members 22. Wheels I34 are provided with flanged portions thereby preventing transverse displacement of base member I33 as wheels I34 ride along the inclined tracks therefor, the latter being formed by inwardly projecting flanges from the upper edges of frame members 22. Numeral I25 indicates two longitudinal and inclined racks affixed to the inner surfaces of inclined frame members 22 at the lower edges thereof, while numeral I26 indicates two spur gears engaging with said racks. The said spur gears are mounted upon a shaft I21, the said shaft being trunnioned at the outer ends thereof in the longitudinal walls of the base member I33. Spurgears I26 mesh with a pair of pinions I23 mounted upon a shaft I29 likewise trunnioned in the longitudinal walls of .base member I33. Pinions I23 mesh with smaller pinions I30 mounted upon a shaft I3I trunnioned in longitudinal walls of base member I33 similar to the mounting of shaft I29. Shaft I3I projects through a longitudinal wall of the base member and has affixed at the projecting end a hand wheel I32. It will be seen on Figure 2 wherein one each of the gears I26, racks 125, pinions I28 and 130 are shown, that revolution of hand wheel I32 will cause the base member I33 to ride up and down along the inclined track upon which wheels I34 ride. The manipulation of base member I33 up and down the inclined track is facilitated by means of a counterweight I42 riding within an upright casing I43, the said weight being connected to the base member I33 at the rear transverse wall thereof by a chain I40, the sprocket I4I supporting said chain above the upright casing I43. Situated between the inclined members 22 and below the inwardly projectingflanges thereof are two flexible light proof curtains I36 and I36, the free ends of said curtains being aflixed to-base member I33 at the rear and front walls thereof respectively, the said curtains I36'and I36 traveling with the movements of base member I33. Curtains I36 and I36 are adapted to ride upon rollers I31, I38

and I31, I38 and the extension and shortening thereof with the movements of base I33 is maintained by the action of spring rollers I33 and I 33' respectively to which the ends of the said curtains are affixed.

The camera casing 36I containing most of the camera elements is sensitively and manually adjustable after approximate mechanical adjustment and is adapted to be vertically and horizontally adjustable for composition purposes. Journalled in the top wall of base I33 and adapted to move in the plane of the horizontal with plate I33 is a hand wheel I42. Turning hand wheel I42 in either direction raises or lowers camera casing I about lugs I39.

.The actuating means for the horizontal displacement of camera casing 35I comprises a hand wheel Journalled on the left side and longitudinal wall of base I 33 and designated by numeral I50, the said Journalling being at spindle I5I.

The camera casing for the camera elements designated by numeral 35I comprises forward vertical frame members 352, rear vertical frame members 353 and spaced

transverse frame members

364, 355, 356, 351, 353 and 353. All of the said frame members are so disposed as to have afllxed thereto an upper and side walls to constitute a light proof casing, the said walls, if desirable being capable or removal for repair purposes. The front wall of casing 35I is provided with an opening for afllxation thereto of a bellows u chamber. The said chamber comprises an upper plate 362, side plates 363 and 264 and a lower and downwardly inclined plate 365. Numeral 366 designates a motor within the camera casing.

The actuating mechanism for the opening and closing of the shutter 49! of the camera proper will now be described. Generally, the shutter is opened by mechanical connection to the armature of an electro-magnet or solenoid 415, the shutter remaining open as long as the solenoid continues to be energized. The electrical circuit to the solenoid iscompleted through a two-contact brush 548 and a metallic helical segment disposed on the surface of a non-conducting cylinder which begins to revolve at a constant speed with the initial energization of the solenoid. Proper correlation between the duration of the exposure and the spaced position of the lens with respect to the sensitized paper is effectuated by the lens board mechanically controlling the position of the aforesaid brush along the axis of the afore mentioned cylinder and in contact with the surface thereof.

Numeral 415 represents a solenoid mounted on the front enclosing panel of the camera casing 35! between the bellows 563 and side wall 364 of the bellows chamber. Numeral 416 represents an armature adapted to be drawn within the said solenoid 415 having an expanded annular flange 411 to limit the upward movement thereof. Armature 416 is flattened at-the lower end thereof to permit the pivotal attachment therewith of a short link 419 and a long connecting bar 498 by means of the screw 418 thereat; Numeral 688 represents a short shaft which penetrates the upper end of a short crank support 484 and also the middle portion of a semi-circularly shaped lever 482, the said support 484 and lever 482 being free to rotatethereabout. Shaft 688 is journalied at the forward end thereof and near v the rear "end thereof in the upright arms of a U-shaped support 414, the said support being mounted similarly to and directly below solenoid 415 as best seen in Figure 3.

Lever 482 is pivotally connected to the lower end of link 418 by a pivot 488. Numeral 564 is a short crank support similar to support 484 while 483 represents a longitudinal crank bar integrally affixed to the lower ends of the supports 564 and 484. End supports 564 and 484 together with crank bar 483 comprises a double crank since support 484 is pivotally mounted on shaft 688 and support 564 is pivotally mounted at the upper end thereof to the upperend of an L-shaped upright support 566, the latter being affixed to the forward end of a horizontal support 554. Support 554 is aflixed to and projects vertically from frame member 352.

\ Bellows 563 is attached'to the periphery of the front panel opening of camera casing 35!, the opposite and open end thereof being provided with a plate member 556 to which theforward edges of the bellows are affixed. Plate 556 is provided with a central aperture 413 behind which is mounted a known shutter 48!, the said mounting means not being shown on the accompanying drawings. Shutter 49! is provided with an operating trigger 498 pivotally. connected at the outer end thereof to the upper end of a link bar 488, the said bar 488 penetrating plate 556 through an aperture 489 therein so that the lower end of the link bar 488 lies forward of the plate 556. The lower end of the link bar is pivotally connected to one end of a lever 485 the other end of said lever being in contact with the upper surface of crank bar 483. Lever 485 is pivotally mounted near the center thereof upon a short stud 486, the said stud projecting forwardly from plate 556. It can be seen that any upward movement of the bar 483 will result in the opening of the shutter 49! as best shown on Figure 4, and since the shutter 49! is set for socalled bulb action, it will remain open until the bar 483 is allowed to drop.

With an energization of solenoid 415. the circult to which is completed through a manually controlled shutter release switch 91!, the latter not being shown in the drawings except as shown schematically on Figure 10, or a rotary lighting and shutter control switch 838.

Directly behind the bellows chamber and within a chamber of the camera casing, there is provided a mirror which is adapted to reflect the image of the subject upon a ground glass having external doors 681 and 688 leading thereto as best shown in Figure 1.

The various assemblies comprising the camera structure deriving synchronous motion from the camera motor 366 will now be set forth in functional relationship. With the closing of switch 91! or 838, solenoid 415 is energized therebby allowing the communtator to revolve resulting in the timed opening and closing of the shutter 49! and in the initial energization of motor 386. Motor 366 operates: to feed an exposed portion of the sensitized material into position for a subsequent exposure; to position the previously exposed portion of the sensitized material at the lower edge thereof opposite the counter device; to rotate the commutator thereby closing an auxiliary power circuit to the said motor; to illuminate the counter device andoperate the same; to reset the spring mechanism operating the commutator; to sever the exposed portion of the sensitized material from the rolled stock; to open the discharge gates thereby allowing the exposed sheet of sensitized material to fall on the conveyer I45 to the developing unit; to open its own power circuit at the completion of the above enumerated operations.

The lighting unit The lighting unit is supported by a vertical framework comprising three upright members 888 projecting upwardly from the side walls of the developing unit housing, these upright members being joined by a horizontal connecting bar 88! at the upper terminals thereof, the said connecting bar 88! serving as a support for a depending upright member 888, a cross-section of the said four upright members forming the corners of a substantial square. Panels 828 at tached to the upright members 888 and 888 from vthe connecting bar 88!. to a point above the camera unit form an enclosure for the control mechanism of the lighting unit.

Extending from the connecting bar 88! are two parallel and horizontal frame members 882 adapted to support the main lighting dome and related mechanism as will be more fylly described below. The frame members 882 are reinforced by means of two braces 883 extending from the frame members 882 to the forward upright members 888. Horizontal frame members 802 are fixed in position by means of transverse spacers 886" at the forward ends and 886 at the rear ends. Behind spacer 886" is another transverse spacer 884 having mounted thereon by means of studs 885' a. parallel reinforcing member 885 while a short distance forwardly of 886' is another similar and' parallel spacer 886.

Par- 76 allel and below spacer 884 is another cross member 881 depending therefrom by means of studs 881'. Rotatably suspended below cross member 881 by means of a bolt and nut 888 is a plate 889, the said bolt and nut 888 penetrating member 881 and plate 889 through aligned orifices therein. At the outer ends of plate 889 are affixed the upper circular surface 8E4 of the lighting dome 8! l and two spaced parallel bars M8, the said bars 8l8 being disposed at right angles to plate 889. Plate 889 is rotatably actuated by means of a longitudinal tie bar 818 pivotally connected to one end \of said plate, the said tie bar 818 being controlled by a handle 828 situated on a small panel 829, the latter superposing the panel 828 which faces the operator, all as best seen in Figure 5. The motion of handle 828 is communicated to tie rod M8 by means of a shaft having, sprocket 823 thereon, chain 822, thence by mechanism not shown to a gear M8 the latter having a concentric arm affixed thereto 8". Arm M1 at the outer end thereof is pivotally connected to the rear end of the abovementioned tie bar 8l8. Numeral 82! represents an idler sprocket which is mounted upon a short shaft 824 and serves merely to position the chain 822. Handle 823 is provided witha known position indicator 821.

Lighting dome 8!! is provided with a circular upper surface 8, a depending cylindrical surface 8!3 from the perimeter thereof, a frustum of a cone surface 8!2 extending outwardly from the lower edge of M3 and a depending cylindrical surface 8!! from the lower perimeter of 8!2. Lowermost cylindrical surface 8| l' is'provided with diametrically opposed openings 8! I" and a circular base plate 8 affixed to and extending .beyond the lower edge of the cylindrical surface 8H.

Afiixed to the under surface of 8 are a series of sockets concentrically arranged to carry bulbs Afiixed to the ends of bars 8l8 are two spaced and parallel bars 832' and 833 being at right angles to bars 8!8. At each juncture of these bars, there being four altogether, a vertically depending rod, 834, 838, 838 and 831 fixes the intersection of the cross bars thereat and at the lower end of each rod is provided an orifice. Rods 834 and 838 are connected immediately above the lower extremities thereof by a horizontal spacer 838 through which the said rods penetrate, while 848 represents a horizontal frame member contacting spacer 838 at the lower surface thereof and is penetrated and supported by said rods 834 and 838. Rods 838 and 831 similarly carry corresponding spacer 839 and frame member 84!. Numerals 848 and 84! represent guy wires connecting the extremities of frame members 848 and 84! to the bars "8 and serve to support the said frame members. Frame members 848 and 84! are provided at the extremities thereof with depending

vertical guideways

842, 843, 844 and 848. Guide-

ways

842 and 843 together and guide-

ways

844 and 848 form race-ways for plates 848 and 848' respectively.

,Plates 848, 848' carry illuminator housings 88! and 882 respectively, adjacent the upper edges thereof the said housings corresponding in structure and being oppositely disposed. Figure 9 .of the drawings shows housing 88! in detail and thus also brings out the details of housing 882.

Housing 88! is supported byaflixation to the =inner surface of plate 848 and constitutes a box-like structure having a removable inner translucent wall- 883 to permit the penetration of light therethrough from incandescent bulbs or light sources 884, 888 and 888 mounted within said housing. Translucent wall 883 may be composed of any suitable substance known in the art such as opal" glass, or tracing cloth. Projecting rearwardly from and afflxed to plate 848 adjacent the lower edge thereof, is a bar 888 carrying at its outer extremity a housing 882 having therein an incandescent bulb 882 and having an inner wall comprising an outer sheet of clear glass 884 and an inner sheet of transparent material 888 having an image thereon. Sheet of glass 884 has the inner surface thereof lightly silvered so that when bulb 882' is not illuminated, sheet of glass 884 acts as a mirror while when bulb 882' is illuminated, the image on transparent material 888 is made visible through sheet of glass 884.

Projecting forwardly and downwardly from and afllxed to the inner surface of plate 848 is a bar 841 carrying at the outer end thereof a housing 848 having a bulb 848 therein. Housing 848 positioned below the level of housing 882 as best seen in Figure 7 of the drawings.

Housing 852 together with the appurtenant structure, being the counter part of housing 88! and its appurtenant structure as above described is incompletely shown in Figure 6 whereon 848 represents a movable plate, 881, 888 and 859 represent incandescent bulbs, 848 represents a bar carrying a housing 888, 8.8! represents a bar carrying a housing 883.

Plates

848 and 848 are vertically and slidably displaceable and thereby serve to vertically position the housings 85!, 852, 882, 863, 848 and 858.

Plate 848 has affixed to the upper edge thereof two cables 888 and 889, the said cables being substantially parallel and flexible. Cables 888 and 889' rise vertically turning inwardly about a pair of idler pulleys being positioned at the junctions of frame member 848 and guide-way 842 and frame member 84! and guide-way 843. The said cables continue from the idler pulleys to drums 888 and 889 respectively where they are affixed. Drums 888 and 889 are keyed to a horizontal shaft 818,'the said shaft being journailed at the ends thereof in brackets 833' and 832'.

Similarly, plate 848' is provided with cables 881 and 888 turning about a pair of idler pulleys positioned at the Junctions of frame member 848 and guideway 844 and frame member 84! and guideway 848. The said cables continue from the idler-pulleys to drums 881 and 888 respectively where they are affixed. Drums 881 and 888 are keyed to a horizontal shaft 81! journalled at the ends thereof in brackets 833" and 832". Brackets 838' and 833" depend from the forward edge and ends of bar 833 while

brackets

832 and 832" depend from the rear edge and ends of bar 882.

Shafts 818 and 81! carry

sprockets

812 and 813, respectively, immediately forward of drums 889 and 888, said sprockets being interconnected 4 by a chain 814. Shaft 81! at the forward end which is affixed to theforward end of a short shaft 818. Shaft 818 is journalled at its forward end by penetrating a plate 819, and at its rear end in a bracket 884', the latter depending from the 'rear edge of reinforcing member 884. The rear end of shaft 818 projects beyond its anaws journal and connects with a universal joint 882, the latter being afilxed to the forward end of a shaft 883. Shaft 883 in turn connects with a shaft by means of a pair of bevel gears (not shown), which shaft carries thereon a sprocket which is connected by a chain to a sprocket the latter being carried on a shaft which is journalled by means of orifices in the upper ends of upright members 888, the said upright members being the two forward ones. Said shaft has mounted thereon the drum 893 (see Fig. 5). It is seen from the foregoing mechanism that motion from the drum 893 is communicated to shafts 818 and 8H resulting in the raising and lowering of

plates

846 and 848.

The concentric drum 893 has coiled thereabout a flexible cable 894. One end of cable 894 is aflixed to the housing 933 while the other end of said cable is coiled about another drum 895 from which drum the said cable continues and terminates in aflixation to the base plate I33 of the camera casing. The disposition of cable 894 is best seen in Figure 5 wherein said cable' rises from housing 933, frictionally engages drum 893,

proceeds downwardly to frictionally engage drum" 895 and then offsets therefrom to run parallel with inclined frame members 22. Drum 895 is concentric with shaft 898, the said shaft 896 being journalled by means of orifices in the two forward upright members 888.

The housing 933 aforementioned is divided into two illuminating chambers by a vertical intermediate wall 934, the said housing having mounted therein four

incandescent bulbs

935, 938, 931 and 938, two in each chamber. camera casing base I33 is directly communicated to the said housing 933 by cable 894, the motion of said cable also serving to raise and lower housings 85I and 852. Housings 933, 85I and 852,882

and 883, and 848 and 858 move in unison while the vertical positioning of the said housings is a function of the position of the camera casing base I33. Inasmuch as the base I33 of the camera casing is moved for proper focussing and aiming in relation to the subject, it is seen that the lighting of the subject is thereby automatically-controlled by the movement of the housings; the relative positions of the housings having been suitably arranged in a predetermined fashion.

Situated within the lighting dome 8I I. are two known spot lights 891. and 898 being provided with lenses 899 and 988, condensing mirrors 98I and 982, incandescent bulbs 983 and 984 and sockets for said bulbs 985 and 986, respectively. The size of the diverging beam emitted by said spot lights is controlled by the shifting of the sockets within said spot lights by any known means such as linear slots 9 and 9I2 wherein sockets 985 and 988 are adjustably mounted by means of depending bolts 981 and 988 from the said sockets and nuts therefor 989 and 9I8. Spot light 891 is trunnioned between the lower ends of vertical rods 835 and 831 by means of trunnions 891' while spot light 898 is trunnioned between the lower ends of vertical rods 834 and 838 by means of trunnions 898'. The spot lights, being thus pivotally mounted, are capable of being tilted in a vertical plane thereby casting the beams of light emitted from the said spot lights 891 and 898 upon two

screens

943 and 944 respectively,said screens being more fully described below. Projecting forwardly in the plane of the horizontal from the side walls adjacent the rear edge of each of the spot lights 891 and 898 are fingers 9I3 and 9 respectively. Fingers 9I8 and Motion of the 9 are pivotally connected by means of links 9l5 and M8, the latter being joined at the upper ends thereof, to a link 8". Link 8" is caused to move either up or down by reason of communication of motion from shaft 818 thereto through suitable structure not shown.

By reason of the fact that the spot lights 88 and 898 derive their motion from shaft 8182mm latter in turn derives its motion from drum 888v the camera base I83,'-'.it is therefore seen thatmovement of all the sources of illumination except bulbs 955, vertically, with relation to the sitter, is synchronized and co-ordinated.

Screens 943 and .944 heretofore mentioned are composed of any suitable flexible material such as cotton or linen and have provided on the inner surfaces thereof a coating of suitable light refleeting and diffusing material such as aluminum paint or dull white paint.

Screens

848 and 844 are supported at the upper ends thereof by afllxation to and winding about spring rollers 8 and 942, the said screens extending'downwardly over direction controlling idlers 848 and 848', land 958 and finally terminating. in

weighted edges

958 and 954 respectively, all as bestseen in Figure 7. Spring rollers 8 and 842 are provided with the usual ratcheting means of ordinary window-shade rollers. In order to raise or lower screens 948 and 944, edges "land 8 84 thereof are manipulated like ordinary window shade rollers. Rollers 8 4I- and 842-"are'disposed pare allel to bars 8I8 and are mounted upo'n'brackets 939 and 948 respectively, said brackets projecting upwardly from the outer ends-of bars 882- and 833. Idlers 948 and'848'are mountedbetweefi the upper ends of upright arms 841, and'848, said arms projecting upwardly from frame bers 848 and 84! while idlers 848 andlif'ajre mounted between the outer ends of "lateral "in! 9ll, and 982. respectively, said-arms projecting laterally and outwardly from. guide-,wa'ys fll,

843, 844 and 848, respectively. I v

For the connecting and disconnecting of elec; trical current to the"- various sources-of illumination described hereinabove, aknown Seamentel' rotary switch on 1,8 provided. he saidbwitch 838 is mounted upon an auxiliary panel therefor 938' located on panel 828 directly torwardto the left of auxiliary panel 828. Switch" 888 is operated by means of an operating lever 951 which projects radially from a short shaft 888, tne" s'aid, shaft being journalled in panel 888'. adapted to successively make and-break-contact with radially disposed and concentric conducting segments a, b, c, d, e, f, a, h, 1', k, and m, the disposition of said segments being best shown in FigurelO.

Switch on. in its upper vertical position closes no circuits while by virtue at the'staggered arransement or the segments thereabout, the said switch is capable of seven distinct positions when rotated either left or right of the aforesaid upper vertical position.

Situated directly below and. on the-:sameplope with auxiliary panel 838. is another auxiliary panel 83l carrying thereon. three known toggle type switches 884, 988.'.and 888.; Switches 884- and 988 each either makeor break a single cir? cuit while switch .885 either makes or breaks two circuits simultaneously.

In the operation of the lighting unit. the subs uc no. is

tical axis of lighting dome 8I I. At this point in right profile is to be photographed first, switch 888 is shifted to its "on' position thereby completing a circuit from the electrical line through conductors 861 and 888 to the outlet n. Current travels from outlet 11. by means of conductors not shown in the drawings to

bulbs

884, 836 and 851. The illumination of bulbs 884, 838 and 851 lights up the features of the sitter sufiiciently for the proper focussing and composition thereof by movement of the camera base member I33. The act of moving the camera base member I33 for focussing and composition purposes eifectuates the proper vertical positioning of all the sources of illumination; the lower the position of the camera base member I33 along the inclined runway therefor, the lower is the position of the sources of illumination except for bulbs 855 the position of which is fixed within dome 8| I.

The image of the sitter having been properly focussed the camera is set for exposure.

Rotary switch 838 is moved in a clock-wise direction to its first consecutive "on position, that is contacting the conducting'segment a said movement resulting in completion of a circuit to outlet p through conductor 861, resistor 888', conductors 918, 9H and 888, and also switch 865. Current travels from outlet 11' by means of conductors not shown in the drawings to bulb 848.

It is understood that the rotation of the lighting dome 8 together with horizontal frame members 848 and 8M and.all the-mechanism depending therefrom may be effected now or atany time su equent to the camera focussing of the sitter, t e said rotation being accomplished by manipulating handle 828. Handle 828 is rotated until the sitter is able to see his reflection in the mirrored surface in the housing 883, it being understood that all of the above steps are taken for the photographing of the right profile and all the steps hereinbelow until the contrary is stated are for the photographing of the right profile of the sitter. The extent of rotation of dome 8 is controlled by the sitters seeing his full view in the mirrored surface of housing 883 when looking forward, and in order that the sitter see such full view, the latter gives the operator instructions as to the extent to which the said dome 8 must be moved by means of handle828. The rotation and final position of dome 8| I, by reason of the fact that the relative spatial interrelation of the various illuminating sources rotatable therewith has been predetermined relative to housing 853,

results in proper illumination of the subject in all planes. The relative spatial interrelation of the various illuminating sources follow the pattern of the approved style for a particular position of the sitter and it is from this pattern that your applicant makes automatic such illumination for diiferent positions of the sitter in the several upright positions and in the several face positions.

The rotation of dome 8| I and the rotatable elements therewith results in positioning housing '848 so that the head of the sitter is situated be- 848 is to outline the head of the subject in socalled "backlighting or in Rembrandt style.

If these last mentioned effects are not desired,

ject is seated or allowed tostand along the vertoggle switch 888 is shifted to its off position thereby opening the circuit to bulb 888'.

Switch 838 is now advanced in a clock-wise direction to its second position thereby contacting conducting segment completing a circuit therethrough to outlet u. Current travels from outlet u through conductors not shown in the drawings -to bulb 883' which upon illumination makes the mirrored surface in housing 883 transparentso that the sitter is able to see the image therebehind in said housing. The purpose of illuminating housing 883 at this time is to further attract the attention of the sitter to this point so that his head and eyes may appear properly directed ina finished photograph; furthermore, the subject matter of the image is conveniently alterable by merely substituting different transparencies therein. This device, utilizing known principles of psychological suggestion aids in the inducement of pleasant expression on the sitters countenance.

Switch 838 is now advanced in clock-wise direction to its third position thereby contacting conducting segment e completing a circuit therethrough to outlet 1;. Current travels from outlet 0 through conductors not shown in the drawings to bulbs 855. Illumination from bulbs 855 is reflected from the upper surface of plate 8I5 through the openings 8 I I and is in turn reflected from screens 843 and 8 upon the sitter. Because of the multiplicity of bulbs 855 and the indirectn'ess with which the light therefrom reaches the sitter, said light is highly diffused and of sufliciently low intensity so that it constitutes general or socalled atmosphere illumination.

Switch 838 is now advanced in clock-wise direction to its fourth position thereby contacting conducting segment completing a circuit therethrough to outlet w. Current travels from outlet w through conductors not shown in the drawings to bulb 835 serving thereby to increase or augment the quantity of illumination being cast by bulb 838 from one of the chambers of the housing 833.

Switch 838 is now advanced in clock-wise direction to its fifth position thereby contacting conducting segment 71. and completing a circuit therethrough to outlet :2: whence current travels through conductors not shown in the drawings to

bulbs

858 and 858, serving thereby to augment the illumination already being cast by housing 852.

Further clock-wise advancement of switch 838 to its sixth position results in contacting conduct ing segment k thereby completing a circuit through conductors 881 and 888 which short circuits the circuit comprised of resistor 888' and conductor 818. The shortcircuiting of resistor 888 causes all of the light sources which have been receiving current therethrough to increase to their maximum brilliancy so that the combined actinic power of said sources of illumination is of the proper degree with relation to the shutter timing of the camera in the camera unit. It is to be noted at this point that the reason for illuminating the various light sources in successive steps of greater brilliance rather than to bring them on simultaneously is to avoid excitement, fright, starting and squinting of the sitter.

Since all of the illuminating sources have been energized as has above been set forth the exposure may be caused to take place by advancing switch 838 in a clock-wise direction to its final and seventh position thereby contacting conducting segment m which closes the circuit to sole noid 415. If the operator desires to leave his 73 91! is connected to one end of a two-conductorcable of substantial length, and is not shown in the drawings other than as above indicated.

After exposure has been completed, switch 638 is cranked anti-clockwise to its upper vertical position, which extinguishes all of the lights except those receiving current through toggle switch 9,64.

7 Where it is desired to photograph the left profile of the sitter, all of the abovementioned operations are repeated, except that they are performed in the opposite direction. Thus toggle switch 864 is shifted to its off position, which extinguishes

bulbs

984, 936, and 851. Next, toggle switch 966 is moved to its on position thereby completing a circuit to outlet 0, whence current travels via conductors not shown, to

bulbs

983, 931, and 854. Next, the camera is properly positioned along its track, and focussed, in a manner identical with that when the right profile was photographed.

Rotary switch 838 is now moved anti-clockwise to its first consecutive on" position, thereby contacting segment b and completing a circuit therethrough to outlet q, whence current travels via conductors not shown to bulb 858'. If back lighting is not desired, switch 965 is shifted to its off position. Handle 826 is now rotated until the sitter is able to see his full head-on image in the mirrored surface of housing 862.

Switch 830 is now rotated anti-clockwise to its second position thereby contacting segment 11 completing a circuit to outlet t and therethrough via conductors not shown'to bulb 862".

Next switch 638 is moved to its third anticlockwise position thereby contacting segment e, thus illuminating bulbs 955 as set forth above, since segment e is continuous in both clockwise and anti-clockwise revolutions of arm 959. Switch 830 is then shifted anti-clockwise to its fourth position thereby contacting segment 9 completing a circuit therethrough to outlet s and thence viai conductors not shown to bulb 938.

Next, switch 838 is moved anti-clockwise to its,

fifth position, thereby contacting segment 7' completing a circuit therethrough to outlet r whence current travels via conductors not shown to

bulbs

855 and 856.

When switch 838 is further rotated in an anti--.

clockwise direction to its sixth and seventh po sitions, the circuits completed thereby are identical to those which were completed in the sixth and seventh positions in the clockwise rotation thereof since segments 70 and m are continuous in 'rotated so that the sitter may see his full face reflected therefrom, it follows that all of the related light sources will be correctly positioned in the horizontal plane.

The intensity of light emitted by housings and 852 is greater than that emitted by housing 933, so that the former 85l and 852 constitute the drawing" or accentuating light sources while the latter 933 constitutes the light source which serves to heighten the tones of the shadow portions of the photograph. Where the sitter sees his reflection in housing 863 and switch 830 is rotated clock-wise or sees his face reflected housing 862 and switch 838 is rotated anti-clockwise, an approved style of lighting results in which the greater portion of the face seen in the photograph is less brilliantly illuminated than the lesser portion of the face. Where the sitter sees his reflection in housing 862, yet the sitter shows his right side or the right side of his face to the lens and switch 838 is rotated anti-clockwise, or conversely where the sitter turns his head to his right thus showing the left side of his face to the lens, and sees his image reflected from housing 863, and switch 838 is rotated in a clockwise direction, another approved style of lighting results, which is so called open lighting. In open lighting the greater portion of the face is more intensely illuminated and the lesser portion of the face is less brilliantly illuminated.

Since most of the light which falls on the face of the sitter falls at an angle of approximately forty-five degrees, because of the automatically proper coordination between movement of the camera along its runway, and the vertical positioning of the movable light sources, as has-been set forth above, this system is capable of many other approved styles of lighting which will a1 ways lie'basically correct. In the hands of a skilled operator, the versatility of the lighting system is readily seen. By studying the image of the sitter in the groundglass handle 826 may be turned at random until a pleasing effect is produced, and since the rotation of switch 838. for the most part, serves to increase the intensity of the light sources, rather than inaugurate new ones, composition decided upon at low intensity will, retain its quality when the illumination is sufliciently intense for exposure.

In the hands of an unskilled operator, this lighting system may be operated so that very little judgment is required. For normal lighting effects, vertical positioning of the light sources is fully automatic, while horizontal positioning is accomplished by merely turning handle 826, until the sitter can see both of his ears in the proper reflecting housing, either 862 or 883. Where it is desired to havegan unskilled operator duplicate unusual effects, these may be originally determined by a skilled operator, and all the unskilled operator need do is follow explicit instructions involving very little judgment. Dial 821 being accurately calibrated, he need only manipulate handle 826 until the pointer coincides with a certain calibration marking on the dial. In this manner, a good lighting style once conceived may be reexecuted at will.

Where the subject is possessed of unusually fair complexion or light hair, proper lighting may be simply obtained by shifting

switches

964 or 966 to their off" position. In that case, composition and focussing is performed before this is don or focussing is performed with switch 838 advanced in either direction the requisite number of steps.

It will now be observed that the system of photography hereinabove described comprises the combination of three units, a camera unit, a de- II veloping unit and a lighting unit. In each unitthere are assemblies and sub-assemblies which are novel by themselves; while in the combine.-

tion of the three units or in the combination of any two units novelty resides. There exists novelty in the combination of the elements from one unit with elements of each of the other units.

I wish 'it distinctly understood at this time that the mechanisms described in the above speciiication to accomplish certain movements were conventional and that such mechanisms are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the in- .vention; minor changes and variations in the integration of several parts of each unit and in the parts themselves may be resorted to without departing from .the spirit of the invention; minor changes and variations in the means of transferring motion and in the synchronization of the several parts of each unit and in the units themselves may be resorted to without departing from the spirit of the invention; and lastly, minor changes and variations in the means to accomplish the defined results hereinbefore developed may be resorted to without departing from the scope of the invention and without departing from the scope of the appended claims.

.I claim:

1. In a system of photography, tracks,- a camera movable on said tracks, the motion having horizontal and vertical components, a casing supporting said tracks, means of light-proof communication between the camera and the casing whereby exposed sheets of sensitized material from the camera are dischargeable at all positions of the camera into the said casing, and lighting means mounted independently of the said camera and means to regulate said lighting means in correlation with the movement of the said camera.

2. In a system of photography, a camera movable in ii. direction having vertical and horizontal components, lighting 'means mounted independently of the camera and meansto regulate said lighting means in correlation with the movement of said camera.

3. In a system of photography adapted for use with a subject: tracks, a camera movable on said tracks in a direction having vertical and horizontal components, a casing supporting said tracks, means of light-proof communication between the camera and the casing whereby-exposed sheets of sensitized I material from the camera are dischargeable at all positions of the camera into the said casing, and. lighting means mounted independentlyof the said camera and being pivotally and concentrically movable with relation to said subject and means to regulate said lighting means vertically in correlation with the movement of the camera.

4. In a system of photography, a camera, means to move the same in a direction having vertical and horizontal components, a casing supporting said means, means of light-proof communication between the camera and the casing whereby exposed sheets of sensitized material from the camera are dischargeable at all positions of the camera into the said casing, lighting means mounted independently of the said camera and means to regulate said-lighting means in correlation with the movement of the said camera.

5. In a system of photography adapted for use with a subject: inclined tracks, a camera whereby exposed sheets of sensitized material from the camera are dischargeable at all positions of the camera into the said casing, lighting means.mounted independently of the said camera and being pivotally and concentrically movable with relation to said subject and means to regulate said lighting means vertically by movement of the said camera.

6. In a system of photography adapted for use with a subject: a camera, means to move the same in a direction having vertical and horizontal com* ponents, a casing supporting said means, means of light-proof communication between the camera and the casing whereby exposed sheets of sensitized material from the camera are dischargeable at all positions of the camera into the said casing, and lighting means mounted independently of the said camera and being pivotally and concentrically movable with relation to said subject.

7. In a system of photography adapted for use with a subject: tracks, a camera vertically and horizontally movable on said tracks, a casing supporting said tracks, means of light-proof communication between the camera and the casing whereby exposed sheets of sensitized material from the camera are dischargeable at all posi tions of the camera; into the said casing, lighting means mounted independently of the said camera' and concentrically movable with relation to said subject and automatically regulable by movement of the said camera.

9. In a system of photography adapted for use with a subject: inclined tracks, a camera movable on said tracks, a casing supporting said tracks, means oi light-proof communication between the camera and the casing whereby exposed sheets of sensitized material from the camera are dischargeable at all positions of the camera into the said casing and lighting means mounted independently of the camera and being pivotally and concentrically movable with relation to said subject.

10. In a system of photography for use with a subject: inclined tracks, a camera movable on .said inclined tracks, lighting means pivotally and concentrically movable and being mounted independently with relation to said subject of the camera.

11. In a system of photography, tracks, a camera movable on said tracks, lighting means mounted independently of the said camera and means to regulate said lighting means in correlation with movement of the said camera.

12. In a system of photography for use with a sitter, a camera, means to move the same in a direction having vertical and horizontal components, illumination sources, mechanism to regulate said sourcesvertically in correlation with the movement of said camera and means to pivotally with relation to said sitter.

and concentrically move said illumination sources 13. In a system of photography for use with a subject capable of rotational displacement:- a camera, means to move the camera in a direction having horizontal and vertical components, ii lumination sources, means to move said illumination sources pivotaily and concentrically about said subject as a pivotal center and means to correlate the rotational displacement of said illumination sources with rotational displacement of said subject.

14. In a system of photography for use with a subject, a camera, means to move the same in a direction having vertical and horizontal components, and illumination sources pivotally and concentrically movable with relation to said subject.

15. In a system of photography for use with a subject capable of rotational displacement: tracks, a camera movable on said tracks, illumination sources vertically regulable by movement of said camera, means to move said illumination sources pivotally and concentrically about said subject as a pivotal center, means to correlate the rotational displacement of said illumination sources with rotational displacement of said subject, and means to light up the desired illumination sources in predetermined combination."

16. In a system of photography, 9. camera movable on said tracks, illumination sources and reflector means therewith pivotally and concentrically arranged about said subject, means of automatically regulating the vertical displacement of the said illumination sources by movement of the said camera, and means to light up the desired illumination sources in a predetermined combination.

17. In a system of photography for use with a subject in an illuminated field: a camera movable in a direction having horizontal and vertical components, and illumination sources pivotally and concentrically movable as a unit with relation to said subject and producing said field of illumination.

18. In a system of photography, a movable camera, lighting means movable independently of the camera, means to move the lighting means in predetermined correlation with the movement of said camera.

19. In a system of photography, a movable camera, lighting means movable independently of the camera, means to correlate the vertical movement of said camera and said lighting means, whereby the vertical movement of said camera and the vertical movement of said lighting means are mutually dependent in, predetermined interrelation.

20. In a system of photography adapted for use with a subject, a movable camera, lighting means movable as a unit independently of said camera, means to correlate the movement of said camera and said lighting means whereby a predetermined movement of one causes a predetermined-movement of the other, said lighting means being also capable of an independent pivotal and concentric movement about said subject.

SAMUEL HERSHBERG.