US2172152A - Radio frequency multipactor amplifier - Google Patents

Radio frequency multipactor amplifier Download PDF

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Publication number
US2172152A
US2172152A US191707A US19170738A US2172152A US 2172152 A US2172152 A US 2172152A US 191707 A US191707 A US 191707A US 19170738 A US19170738 A US 19170738A US 2172152 A US2172152 A US 2172152A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
anode
cathode
amplifier
multipactor
electron
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US191707A
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English (en)
Inventor
Philo T Farnsworth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Farnsworth Television and Radio Corp
Original Assignee
Farnsworth Television and Radio Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Farnsworth Television and Radio Corp filed Critical Farnsworth Television and Radio Corp
Priority to US191707A priority Critical patent/US2172152A/en
Priority to GB5738/39A priority patent/GB525243A/en
Priority to FR850635D priority patent/FR850635A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2172152A publication Critical patent/US2172152A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/76—Dynamic electron-multiplier tubes, e.g. Farnsworth multiplier tube, multipactor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03C—MODULATION
    • H03C1/00—Amplitude modulation
    • H03C1/16—Amplitude modulation by means of discharge device having at least three electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03C—MODULATION
    • H03C5/00—Amplitude modulation and angle modulation produced simultaneously or at will by the same modulating signal
    • H03C5/02—Amplitude modulation and angle modulation produced simultaneously or at will by the same modulating signal by means of transit-time tube
    • H03C5/04—Amplitude modulation and angle modulation produced simultaneously or at will by the same modulating signal by means of transit-time tube the tube being a magnetron

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electron multiplying devices, and particularly to a radio-frequency multipactor amplifier.
  • an electron multiplier particularly adapted to act as a radio-frequency amplifier; to produce a radio-frequency muitipactor amplifier having a photosensitive cathode; to produce a radio-frequency amplifier using repeated 1 impacts on secondarily emissive surfaces to increase the output current; to provide means for utilizing photo-emission and secondary emission together in a multipactor amplifier; to provide a multipactor amplifier in which the output current is linearly responsive to light directed upon a photosensitive element therein; to provide such an amplifier in a form wherein a signal may be modulated upon the output; to provide a multipactor amplifier wherein the use of focusing to provide.
  • a multiplier amplifier in which multiplication may be started by ionized particles existing therein, by photoemission, or by an electron gun.
  • the present application is concerned only with a.-c. multipliers, and in the form presented is 40 particularly suited to amplify a radio-frequency carrier and permit modulation of a signal current thereon in a single tube.
  • Fig. l is a schematic sectional view of a tube 45 embodying my invention, together with a circuit diagram indicating a preferred mode of operation.
  • Fig. 2 is a sectional view of my device taken along line 2-2 of Fig. l.
  • an evacuated envelope I of glass or similar material has formed at one end thereof a re-entrant stem! terminated by a conventional press 4.
  • An electron gun of conventional type is supported on 55 said stem, having a heater cathode 5 having a resistance coil 6 therewithin and a concave emittingface l.
  • the coil 6 may be energized by a d.-o. current source 9, such as a storage battery,
  • the emitting face I is preferably coated with thermionically active material to increase the strength of current given oif, using for this purpose any of the materials and methods well known in the art.
  • a ring-shaped control electrode I2 is positioned immediately before the concave surface I, a lead I 4 sealed through the press 4 acting as a support and providing an external connection through which signal current may be. led from a blocking condenser I5 connected to an antenna It or other source.
  • the gun thus formed is in axial alinement with a multiplying chamber formed by a cylindrical collecting anode supported by a lead 26 sealed through said envelope I.
  • Concen- 25 trically within anode 25 is a cathode screen 21 formed of fine wire gauze sensitized for photoemission and to provide a high secondary emission ratio and supported by a lead 29 sealed through the envelope I.
  • the screen is preferably formedof fine, woven silver wire, but may also be made by punching out a sheet or any other known method for producing a finely apertured structure in which the ratio of apertured area to total area is of the order of one to four.
  • the silver may be oxidized, or coated with caesium which in turn is oxidized, to increase the ratio of secondary emission. Any of the photoemission-aiding and emission ratio increasing means known in the art are deemed a full equivalent of this cathode structure treating method.
  • Anode 30 may be formed by winding spaced turns of wire into a helix, and maintaining the separation between adjacent turns by spot welding to spacing rods 32 evenly spaced within the periphery of the helix parallel to the axis thereof.
  • the current to be amplified is applied to a carrier input circuit 35, to which is inductively coupled an amplifier input coil 36 tuned by a variable capacitance 31 shunted thereacross.
  • Oneside of coil 36 is connected through lead 29 to the secondarily emissive and photosensitive cathode screen 21.
  • the other side of coil 36 is grounded and connected through a. blocking condenser 39 to the accelerating anode so through lead 3
  • To the anode 30 is also connected the positive terminal of a source 40 of steady d.-c., the negative terminal of which is grounded.
  • a positive potential is also applied to collect ing anode through lead 26 from a d.-c. source 4
  • an output coil 42 tuned by a variable capacitance l4, and having inductively coupled thereto a coil 45, from which the amplified and modulated carrier output may be taken for further use.
  • Free electrons in the multiplying space will be attracted by the positive potential on the anode 30, but due to the small area presented by the anode, the greater number of electrons will pass through and continue toward the screen 21, on which the greater number will strike, producing I secondaries. Some will pass through,
  • apertured area to the total area, or one to four.
  • the output current is linearly proportional to the electron supply at the beginning of each cycle, as stated with reference to the photosensitive cathode as described above. and so by applying a signal current to the control electrode 12 of the electron gun, the carrier will be modulated thereby. It will thus be seen that the device herein presented affords a simple method of modulating a signal current on a radio-frequency carrier, and greatly amplifying the modulated carrier.
  • a radio-frequency tube having an evacuated envelope containing an electron gun comprising a cathode and an anode cooperating when'energized to produce an electron beam, a control electrode between said cathode and anode, means for applying a multipactor amplifier signal current to said control electrode, and a multiplying chamber in registry with said gun, including a. cylindrical collecting anode adapted to be positively energized by asteady source of d.-c., a secondarily-emissive electron-permeable cylindrical cathode held concentrically within said collecting anode, and a cylindrical electronconcentrically placed within said cylindrical cathode and adapted to be positively energized.
  • a radio-frequency multipactor amplifier tube having an evacuated envelope containing an electron gun comprising a cathode and an anode cooperating when energized to produce an electron beam, a control electrode between said cathode and anode, means for applying a signal current to said control electrode, and a multiplying chamber in registry with said gun, including a cylindrical collecting anode adapted to be positively energized by a steady source of d.-c., a photosensitive secondarily-emissive electron-permeable cylindrical cathode held concentrically within said collecting anode, and a cylindrical electron-permeable accelerating anode concentrically placed within said cylindrical cathode and adapted to be positively energized.
  • a radio-frequency multipactor amplifier tube comprising an evacuated envelope having therein a collecting anode adapted to be positively energized, an electron-permeable secondarily emissive cathode within said collecting anode, an electron-permeable accelerating anode within said cathode adapted to be positively energized, an electron gun in registry with said accelerating anode, comprising a cathode and an apertured anode arranged when energized to produce an electron beam, and a control electrode arranged to be energized by a'signal current.
  • a radio-frequency multipactor amplifier tube comprising an evacuated envelope having therein a cylindrical collecting anode arranged to be positively energized, an electron-permeable photosensitive secondarily emissive cylindrical cathode concentrically placed within said collecting anode, a helical accelerating anode concentrically supported within said cathode and arranged to be positively energized, and an electron gun positioned to direct, when energized, a beam of electrons into said helical anode, said gun having a control electrode arranged to be energized by signal potentials;
  • meable secondarily emissive cathode concentric including an evacuated envelope having therein an accelerating helical anode, an electron-per-' meable secondarily emissive cathode concentric thereabout, a cylindrical collecting anode concentrically placed about said cathode, an electron beam source having a control electrode and arranged to direct electrons into said helical anode,
  • a radio-frequency multipactor amplifier including an evacuated envelope having therein an accelerating helical anode, an electron-perthereabout, a cylindrical collecting anode concentrically placed about said cathode, an electron beam sourceshaving a control electrode and arranged to direct electrons into said helical anode, leads sealed through said envelope to said electron beam source and said control electrode, means connected with said leads for energizing said source, means'for applying signal potentials to said control electrode through said lead thereto, leads sealed through said envelope to said accelerating anode, said secondarily emissive cathode and said collecting anode, a variable input impedance connected in series with a blocking condenser across said cathode and said helical anode, a carrier frequency input circuit coupled to said variable input impedance whereby said accelerating anode and said secondarily emissive cathode may be energized in opposite phase by a carrier current, a d.-c. potential source having its celerating

Landscapes

  • Image-Pickup Tubes, Image-Amplification Tubes, And Storage Tubes (AREA)
  • Cathode-Ray Tubes And Fluorescent Screens For Display (AREA)
  • Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
US191707A 1938-02-21 1938-02-21 Radio frequency multipactor amplifier Expired - Lifetime US2172152A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US191707A US2172152A (en) 1938-02-21 1938-02-21 Radio frequency multipactor amplifier
GB5738/39A GB525243A (en) 1938-02-21 1939-02-21 Radio frequency multipactor amplifier
FR850635D FR850635A (fr) 1938-02-21 1939-02-21 Multiplicateur pendulaire pour l'amplification de hautes fréquences

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US191707A US2172152A (en) 1938-02-21 1938-02-21 Radio frequency multipactor amplifier

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2172152A true US2172152A (en) 1939-09-05

Family

ID=22706611

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US191707A Expired - Lifetime US2172152A (en) 1938-02-21 1938-02-21 Radio frequency multipactor amplifier

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US2172152A (fr)
FR (1) FR850635A (fr)
GB (1) GB525243A (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2925528A (en) * 1955-12-15 1960-02-16 Hartnell-Beavis Michael Carl Electronic valves
US3096490A (en) * 1957-02-28 1963-07-02 Raytheon Co Traveling wave device modulation system
US11588421B1 (en) 2019-08-15 2023-02-21 Robert M. Lyden Receiver device of energy from the earth and its atmosphere

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2925528A (en) * 1955-12-15 1960-02-16 Hartnell-Beavis Michael Carl Electronic valves
US3096490A (en) * 1957-02-28 1963-07-02 Raytheon Co Traveling wave device modulation system
US11588421B1 (en) 2019-08-15 2023-02-21 Robert M. Lyden Receiver device of energy from the earth and its atmosphere

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR850635A (fr) 1939-12-21
GB525243A (en) 1940-08-23

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