US2167360A - Dynamo-electric machine - Google Patents

Description

W J 19339., M. HANNA DYNAMQ-ELECTRIC MACHINE 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed July 31, 1957 Inventor: M ax R.Ha na, x/ JJMZM Hi Attorney.

Patented July 25, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE DYNAMO-ELECTBIC MACHINE Application July 31, 1937, Serial No. 158,724

13 Claim].

My invention relates to improvements in dynamo-electric machines.

An object of my invention is to provide an improved and simplified ventilating-system for dynamo-electric machines.

Another object of my invention is to provide an improved rotatable member construction for dynamo-electric machines.

A further object of my invention is to provide an improved clamp for securing in position on a dynamo-electric machine rotatable member electrically conductive riser elements connecting a commutator to a winding on the rotatable member.

Further objects and advantages of my invention will become apparent and my invention will be better-understood from the following description referring to the accompanying drawings, and the features of novelty which characterize my invention will be pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming part of this specification.

For a better understanding of my invention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings wherein Fig. 1 is a side elevational view, partly broken away, of a dynamo-electric machine embodying my invention; Fig. 2 is an end elevational view with several sections, partly broken away, of the machine shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is an enlarged partial end view of the commutator risers and riser clamp assembly shown in Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the riser clamp and armature head taken along line L4 of Fig. 3 without the winding; Fig. 5 is a perspective view of my improved riser clamp construction; and Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken along line 6-5 of Fig. 3.

Referring to the drawings, in Figs. 1 and 2, I have shown a dynamo-electric machine including two similar units constructed as a single machine, which provides a compact structure and minimizes the number of driving connections. The stationary member is provided with a fabrlcated frame including two units, both of which are divided into two separable sections along substantially the horizontal center line of the units. Both of the upper sections l and l l are secured together, and both the lower sections l2 and I3 also are secured together. Each section is provided with end shields I4, l5, l6 and I1 arranged at each end thereof, and secured to the outer edges of two semi-cylindrical frame members I8, I9, 20 and 2| by circumferentially spaced apart arms 22 welded thereto. Ventilating openings 22a are formed in the arms to provide inlet passages for cooling air into the interlor of the machine, and a plurality of end shield covers 23 are arranged between the end shields and the semi-cylindrical frames between adjacent arms and are secured thereto by clamps 24. The inner edges of the semi-cylindrical frames l8, I9, and 2| are spaced apart to provide a cooling air outlet passage, and are joined together by a scroll 25 forming an exhaust air ventilating housing arranged to direct the exhaust air from the outlet passage between the semi- 1o cylindrical casings to the exterior of the machine. In order to facilitate removal and replacement of the upper section of the stationary member, a pair of lifting loops 26 are welded to the frame and arranged on each side of the scroll 25. One end of the stationary member is supported by a leg 21 welded to the lower end shield l1, and the other end of the stationary member is supported by a pair of fabricated legs each comprising three struts 28, 29 and 30, joined to a supporting foot 3|. Two struts 28 and 30 of each leg extend from the foot 3| to the lower end shield I6 and the strut 29 extends from the foot 3| to the lower semi-cylindrical frame 20, and all of the struts are welded together to the foot II, and to the end shield l8 and the semi-cylindrical frame 20, thereby providing a simple unitary structure. The dynamo-electric machine is provided by sets of main pole pieces 32 and commutating pole pieces 33 arranged in circum- 30 ferentially spaced apart relation about the inner periphery of each of the semi-cylindrical frames so as to provide two sets of pole pieces having axial ventilating passages between adjacent pole pieces. Each set of pole pieces is secured by studs 34 within a cylindrical frame 35 arranged within each pair of semi-cylindrical casings l8 and 20, and I9 and 2|, respectively. The main pole pieces are provided with main field exciting windings 36, and the commutating pole pieces 33 are excited by commutating field exciting Windings 31 energized in accordance with the desired characteristics of the machine.

The rotatable member of the dynamo-electric machine is provided with a hollow shaft 38 sup- .45 ported by bearings arranged in hubs 39 and 40 formed on the end shields l6 and I1 respectively, and is provided with an internal gear coupling member ll secured by bolts 42 to one end of the shaft, and a disk type coupling 43 secured to the other end of the shaft. As has been explained, the dynamo-electric machine comprises two similar units arranged on each side of the central cooling air exhaust passage. Each of these units is provided with a separate rotatable member unit having a current collecting device or a commutator 44 mounted on the shaft 38 adjacent an end thereof, and a laminated armature core 45 which is secured in position on the shaft 38 between a shoulder 46 formed on the shaft and an end ring 41 at one end and an armature head 48 at the other end. The laminated core 45 is provided with a plurality of winding slots 49 in which is arranged a distributed armature winding 50, the inner end turns 5| of which are supported on the end ring 41. The end ring 41 is secured to the shaft 38 by circumferentially spaced apart ribs 52 projecting axially beyond the supporting ring, and the outer end turns 53 of the winding 50 are supported on the armature head 48 which is secured to the shaft 38 by circumferentially spaced apart studs or screws 54.

In'commutator type machines, it is necessary to electrically connect the distributed armature winding to the commutator segments by electrically conductive riser elements, and in a large machine, the stresses on these riser elements become relatively large, so that some provision must be made for supporting and securing them in position.

I have found that the distribution of a large number of risers around the periphery of an armature ofiers considerable resistance to the passage of a cooling medium therebetween, and thereby tends to limit the ventilation and proper cooling of the machine, as well as increasing the windage loss of the machine. In order to provide ventilating openings between the riser elements, I arrange them in groups as shown in Fig. 3, so that a plurality of riser elements have ends 55 arranged in the required circumferentially spaced apart relation for connection to the respective armature coils of the distributed winding 50, and opposite ends 56 circumferentially spaced apart as required for connection to the respective segments of the commutator 44. The intermediate portions of the risers are insulated from each other and arranged in closely adja-' cent relation, and secured together by an insulating tape 51, or in any other suitable manner. The riser elements are arranged in pairs of groups, or sets, with substantially radially extending central portions 58 arranged in axial alignment. These pairs of riser elements have substantially tangentially extending lower and upper portions 59 and 80 of one group extending in the opposite direction from lower and upper tangentially extending portions BI and 62, respectively, of the other group of the pair. This arrangement provides relatively large axially extending openings between adjacent pairs of groups of risers for the passage. of a ventilating medium therethrough. As shown in Fig. 3, the riser ends 55 connect each coil end to commutator segments spaced apart substantially 360 electrical degrees and thereby form equalizer connections of the conventional involute equalizer type.

In order to secure these riser elements in position on the armature, a plurality of segmental riser clamps 63 is secured to the armature head 48 by screws 64 extending through bosses 85 and 66 formed on the clamps 63, and these clamps are arranged with substantially radially extending edges 51 in abutting relation, so that outer substantially flat surfaces 68 of the clamps 63 provide a substantially smooth radially extending annular surface at the outer edges of the armature, thereby decreasing the air resistance and windage loss of the machine. Fig. 5 illustrates the riser clamp from the side which is secured against the armature head and the riser elements. Substantially radially extending flanges 69, 18, 1| and 12 are formed on each of the two longitudinal edges 51 of the riser clamps. The flanges 18 and 12 extend axially of the machine, and the other flanges 89 and 1| extend circumierentially of the machine. As shown in Fig. 6, the circumferentially extending flanges 69 and 1| at opposite edges 81 of adjacent riser clamps are arrangedin abutting relation and form a channel which is arranged in closely spaced relation with one of the substantially radially extending flanges 13 formed on the armature head 48. This provides substantially radially extending riser passages in which the substantially radially extending portions 58 of the risers are securely clamped in position on the armature. Adjacent the inner ends of each riser clamp are arranged two flanges 14 and 15 extending substantially tangentially in angularly opposite directions, and arranged axially adjacent each other, so as to provide guides for the oppositely extending tangential inner portions 59 and SI of the groups of risers, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3.

The ventilating system of the rotatable member unit is constructed so that it is essentially a ventilating impeller or fan, rotating in the direction of the arrow 16a in Figs. 2 and 3. An axially extending ventilating opening 16 is formed in each riser clamp 53, and curved walls 11 and 18 extend axially thereabout to form curved intake guides or vanes.' The curved wall 18 extends slightly beyond the flat surface 68 of the riser clamp and forms an additional impeller blade or vane for a cooling medium, and the inner end of the opening 18 is arranged in communication with axial openings 19 in the armature head between the radially extending flanges 13. A plurality of axially extending ventilating openings 80 is formed in the inner side of the armature head 48 which communicates with the ventilating openings 18 between the flanges 13 and with a plurality of axially extending ventilating passages or openings 8| formed in the laminated armature core 45. The axially extending ventilating passages 8i in the laminated core communicate with axially and radially extending ventilating passages formed between the supporting ribs 52 of the end ring 41, and a radiallyextending annular plate 82 is secured by welding between the inner ends of the ribs 52 of the end rings of the two rotatable member units on the opposite side thereof from the intake vanes. A plurality of impeller fan or exhaust vanes 83 is secured adjacent the outer edge of the radially extending plate 82, and is formed with curved surfaces arranged to blow a ventilating or cooling medium radially outwardly into the ventilating exhaust scroll 25 from the radial passages between the ribs 52. The vanes 83 also draw air from the axial ventilating passages between the pole pieces 32 and 33 and the air gap between the pole pieces and the armature. Annular rings 84 are arranged about the outer radial edges of the fan blades 83 and reinforce and secure together these blades. Thus, each rotatable member unit is essentially a single fan having intake guides or vanes, intermediate passages, and discharge or exhaust blades or vanes.

While I have illustrated and described a particular embodiment of my invention, modifications thereof will occur to those skilled in the,

art. I desire it to be understood, thereiore, that my invention is not to be limited to the particular arrangement disclosed, and I intend in the appended claims to cover all modifications which do not depart from the spirit and scope my invention.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by letters Patent of the United States is:

l. A dynamo-electric machine having a stationary member and a rotatable member, a winding arranged on said rotatable member, axial ventilating passages extending through said rotatable member, a commutator associated with said rotatable member, means including a plurality of electrically conductive riser elements for connecting said winding to said commutator, and a plurality of riser clamps each provided with a ventilating intake vane and having a ventilating opening formed in each of said clamps communicating with said rotatable member ventilating passages, said riser clamps having flanges arranged to clamp saidriser elements on said rotatable member.

2. A dynamo-electric machine having a stationary member and a rotatable member, a winding arranged on said rotatable member, axial ventilating passages extending through said rotatable member, a commutator associated with said rotatable member, means including a plurality of electrically conductive riser elements having radially extending portions and substantially tangentially extending portions adjacent the ends thereof for connectmg said winding to said commutator, and a plurality of riser clamps each provided with a curved ventilating intake guide and having a ventilating opening formed therein communicating with said rotatable mem-- ber ventilating passages, said riser clamps having flanges arranged to clamp said riser elements on said rotatable member and supporting elements arranged as guides for said substantially tangentially extending portions of said riser elements.

3. A dynamo-electric machine having a stationary member and a rotatable member provided with a laminated core, axial ventilating passages extending through said laminated core, a winding arranged on said laminated core, a commutator associated with said rotatable member, means including a plurality of electrically conductive riser elements for connecting said winding to said commutator, and a plurality of riser clamps each provided with a ventilating intake vane and having a ventilating opening therein communicating with said laminated core ventilating passages, asid riser clamps having flanges arranged to clamp said riser elements on said rotatable member.

4. A dynamo-electric machine having a stationary member and a rotatable member provided with a laminated core, winding slots in said laminated core, a winding arranged in said winding slots, axially extending ventilating openings extending through said laminated core, an armature head arranged to secure said laminated core on said rotatable member and having ventilatinx openings communicating with said laminated core ventilating openings, a commutator associated with said rotatable member, means including a plurality of electrically conductive riser elements for connecting said winding to said commutator, a plurality of riser clamps arranged to clamp said riser elements in position on said rotatable member and each having a ventilating opening therein communicating with said armature head ventilating openings, and means for securing each of said riser clamps to said armature head.

5. A dynamo-electric machine having a stationary member and a rotatable member provided with a laminated core, axially extending ventilating openings through said laminated core, a winding secured to said laminated core, a commutator associated with said rotatable member, means including a plurality of electrically conductive riser elements extending in opposite directions substantially circumferentially of said rotatable member for connecting said winding to said commutator, said riser elements being arranged in a plurality of circumierentially spaced apart groups to provide ventilating openings between adjacent circumterentially spaced apart groups communicating with said ventilating openings in said laminated core, each of said groups including riser elements extending in both of said directions, and means for securing said risers in said arranged positions on said rotat able member.

6. A dynamo-electric machine having a stationary member and a rotatable member provided with a laminated core, axially extending ventilating openings through said laminated core, a winding secured to said laminated core, a com-' mutator associated with said rotatable member, and means including two sets of electrically conductive riser elements extending tangentially in opposite directions from said winding to said commutator for connecting said winding to said commutator, all of said riser elements extending in each respective direction being arranged in a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart groups and each group of one set of riser elements being arranged in closely adjacent relation to a group of the other set of riser elements to provide pairs of groups having ventilating openings between adjacent circumferentially spaced apart pairs of groups communicating with said ventilating openings in said laminated core.

7. A dynamo-electric machine having a stationary member and a rotatable member provided with a laminated core, axially extending ventilating openings through said laminated core, a V

riser clamps each having a ventilating opening therein communicating with said ventilating openings in said laminated core for clamping said riser element groups on said rotatable member.

8. A dynamo-electric machine having a stationary member and a rotatable member provided with a laminated core, winding slots in said laminated core, a winding arranged in said winding slots, axially extending ventilating openings through said laminated core, an armature head arranged to secure said laminated core on said rotatable member and having ventilating openings communicating with said laminated core ventilating openings, a commutator associated with said rotatable member, means including a plurality of electrically conductive riser elements for connecting said winding to said commutator, said riser elements being arranged in a plurality of groups, and a plurality of riser clamps each having a ventilating opening therein communicating with said ventilating openings in said armature head, said riser clamps having flanges arranged to clamp said riser element groups on said rotatable member.

9. In combination, an armature head having a plurality of axially extending ventilating openings therethrough, a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart substantially radial axially extending flanges on said armature head intermediate said ventilating openings, a plurality of riser clamp elements each having a ventilating opening therein, said riser clamp elements having flanges extending therefrom cooperating with said substantially radial armature head flanges to form substantially radially extending riser passages, and means for securing said riser clamp elements on said armature head.

10. In combination, an armature head having a plurality of axially extending ventilating openings therethrough, a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart substantially radial axially extending flanges formed on said armature head intermediate said ventilating openings, a plurality of riser clamp elements each having a ventilating opening therein with curved walls extending axially thereabout, said riser clamp elements having substantially radial flanges extending therefrom adjacent said ventilating openings in abutting relation with the next adjacent riser clamp elements and cooperating with said radial armature head flanges to form substantially radially extending riser passages, and means for securing said riser clamp elements on said armature head.

11. In combination, an armature head having a plurality of axially extending ventilating openings therethrough, a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart substantially radial axially extending flanges formed on said armature head intermediate said ventilating openings, a plurality of riser clamp elements each having a ventilating opening therein with curved walls extending axially thereabout arranged to provide cooling medium impeller surfaces, one of said curved walls on each of said riser clamp elements also being arranged to provide an intake ventilating vane, said riser clamp elements having substantially radial flanges extending therefrom adjacent said ventilating openings arranged in abutting relation with the next adjacent riser clamp elements and in closely spaced relation with said substantially radial armature head flanges to form substantially radially extending riser passages, and means for securing said riser clamp elements on said armature head.

12. In combination, an armature head having a plurality of axially extending ventilating openings therethrough, a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart substantially radial axially extending flanges formed on said armature head intermediate said ventilating openings, a plurality oLriser clamp elements each having a ventilating opening therein with curved walls extending axially thereabout, said riser clamp elements having substantially radial flanges extending therefrom adjacent said ventilating openings in abutting relation with the next adjacent riser clamp elements and in closely spaced relation with said radial armature head flanges to form substantially radially extending riser passages, a substantially tangentially extending flange formed on each of said riser clamp elements adjacent the inner end of said riser passages arranged to provide a riser guide, and means for securing said riser clamp elements on said armature head.

13. A riser clamp having a ventilating opening therein, longitudinally extending curved walls arranged about said ventilating opening, a longitudinally extending groove adjacent a longitudinal edge of said riser clamp, an angularly extending flange arranged adjacent an end of said groove, and an impeller flange extending radially and circumferentially from said segmental riser clamp adjacent the other end of said groove.

MAX R. HANNA.

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