US2163582A - Short wave transmitter - Google Patents

Short wave transmitter Download PDF

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Publication number
US2163582A
US2163582A US106350A US10635036A US2163582A US 2163582 A US2163582 A US 2163582A US 106350 A US106350 A US 106350A US 10635036 A US10635036 A US 10635036A US 2163582 A US2163582 A US 2163582A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cathode
grid
conductor
network
electron discharge
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Expired - Lifetime
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US106350A
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English (en)
Inventor
Buschbeck Werner
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Telefunken AG
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Telefunken AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of US2163582A publication Critical patent/US2163582A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/54—Amplifiers using transit-time effect in tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/08—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce detrimental influences of internal impedances of amplifying elements
    • H03F1/14—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce detrimental influences of internal impedances of amplifying elements by use of neutralising means
    • H03F1/16—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce detrimental influences of internal impedances of amplifying elements by use of neutralising means in discharge-tube amplifiers

Definitions

  • the inductances of the oscillatory circuits must be chosen correspondingly low, in order to arrive at sufiiciently short waves.
  • This entails various disadvantages resulting from the fact that at an increase in the 15 capacity the blind power, i. e., wattless volt-amperes, increases.
  • the larger blind currents i. e., those components of current whose phase is in quadrature with the voltage, entail higher losses, since the transmitter for structural reasons cannot be dimensioned at all places with a view to obtaining a loss-free conduction of the larger currents.
  • the efficiency obviously decreases in this case, which requires a correspondingly larger transmitter to attain a predetermined power, which condition again increases the difliculties.
  • the blind power i. e. wattless power
  • a transmitter for short waves and more especially for ultrashort waves is arranged in such manner that in order to reduce the capacity of the oscillatory circuit, the anode of the tube and the anode of the duplicate (dummy, 1. e., corresponding electrode of an artificial network) serving for neutralization, are directly connected to each other or across a capacitance, and the grid line and cathode lines are concentrically arranged, with the grid line especially at the outside, and the control energy and heating energy are supplied at the symmetrical point of these lines between tube and duplicate.
  • the anode of the tube and the anode of the duplicate dummy, 1. e., corresponding electrode of an artificial network serving for neutralization
  • the grid and cathode lines are therefore constructed concentrically to each other with the cathode line as the inner line, so that the alternating potential at the grid of the tube will be transmitted to the cathode with exactly the same value relative to ground.
  • the alternating grid potential and also the heating potential can be applied to the equi-potential point P corresponding to the point in which the anodes are connected together.
  • the desired wave is obtained by varying the length of the bend-like connection line between the grids of the tube and the duplicate arrangement, and eventually winding this line into a coil.
  • the bent connection can furthermore be adapted for lengthening in the manner of a trombone.
  • the useful energy can be derived either solely by means of transformation from the field of the grid line, or in a capacitive fashion according to Fig. 3, by means of the coupling capacity connected between the two anodes, and which is suitably high as compared with the inner tube capacity. Since this coupling capacity is connected in series with the grid and plate capacities, it also affords the advantage of reducing the capacity of the oscillatory circuit.
  • the eifective plate resistance is suitably so transformed that it appears at the transmitter as a possibly low ohmic resistance thus requiring only a low coupling voltage.
  • a high coupling capacity can be chosen. Since in order to obtain a maximum output energy a definite alternating plate current is required, the blind energy is low at a high coupling capacity, due to the series connection.
  • the stepping down may be carried out suitably in th following manner:
  • a power line which is symmetrical to ground and matched to the antenna, the latter is brought near the transmitter up to a distance that is equal to an electrical length of i. e., an odd multiple of a quarter wave length.
  • This piece of the energy line shall have a lower wave resistance (i. e., surge impedance) W2 than the energy line situatedat the antenna side and having the wave resistance (i. e., surge impedance) W1. Since the antenna together with the actual energy line (hence without the additional part of the energy line) was matched to the transmitter, the input resistance at the transmitter thus remains a purely ohmic resistance and has the value W vvI which is always lower than W1. In rendering the wave resistance of this short energy line variable, the respective optimum impedance matching can be easily achieved (for instance in the case of two parallel wires through varying the distance therebetween). Obviously, if necessary, the capacitive coupling resistance can be compensated by means of two corresponding inductances L.
  • push-pull arrangements may likewise be constructed in the manner set forth, in that two tubes and two duplicate arrangements are provided. It will also be understood, of course, that the term network used in the appended claims includes a dummy tube or any suitable arrangement of reactances simulating the characteristics of a dummy tube.
  • an electron discharge device having a grid, cathode and plate, a neutralization dummy tube also having a grid, cathode and plate, a connection between said two plates; a concentric transmission line having an inner and an outer conductor, connections from said grids to opposite ends of said outer conductor, connections from said cathodes to opposite ends of said inner conductor, whereby said line and the connections between said plates form part of an oscillatory circuit, and means for applying radio frequency input potentials to said transmission line at points thereon which are symmetrically located between said device and dummy tube.
  • an electron discharge device having a grid, cathode and plate, a neutralization dummy tube also having a grid, cathode and plate, a connection between said two plates, a concentric transmission line having an inner and outer conductor, connections from said grids to opposite ends of said outer conductor, connections from said cathodes to opposite ends of said inner conductor, whereby said line and the connection between said plates form part of an oscillatory circuit, and means for applying heating energy for the cathode of said device, and radio frequency energy for said grid of said device to points on said transmission line which are at low radio frequency potential and symmetrically located with respect to said device and dummy tube.
  • An ultra short wave transmitter circuit comprising an electron discharge device having an anode, a cathode, and a grid, a network having capacitive elements so arranged and spaced that their characteristics simulate those of the electrodes of said electron discharge device, connections between corresponding elements of said electron discharge device and network, the connection between the grid of said device and the corresponding element of said network consisting of a hollow electrical conductor, the connection between the cathode of said device and the corresponding element of said network comprising a conductor arranged concentrically within said hollow conductor, and an input circuit coupled between a point of low radio frequency potential on said hollow conductor and a point on said inner conductor.
  • An ultra short wave transmitter circuit comprising an electron discharge device having an anode, a cathode, and a grid, a network having capacitive elements so arranged and spaced that their characteristics simulate those of the electrodes of said electron discharge device, connections between corresponding elements of said electron discharge device and network, means for maintaining the connection between the anode of said device and the corresponding element of said network at a radio frequency potential which is low relative to the radio frequency potential of the cathode, the connection between the grid of said device and the corresponding element of said network consisting of a hollow electrical conductor, the connection between the cathode of said device and the corresponding element of said network comprising a conductor arranged concentrically within said hollow conductor, and an input circuit coupled between a point of low radio frequency potential on said hollow conductor and a point on said inner conductor.
  • An ultra short wave transmitter circuit comprising an electron discharge device having an anode, a cathode, and a grid, a network having capacitive elements so arranged and spaced that their characteristics simulate those of the electrodes of said electron discharge device, connections between corresponding elements of said electron discharge device and network, means for maintaining the connection between the anode of said device and the corresponding element of said network at a radio frequency potential which is low relative to the radio frequency potential of the cathode, the connection between the grid of said device and the corresponding element of said network consisting of a hollow electrical conductor, the connection between the cathode of said device and the corresponding element of said network comprising a conductor arranged concentrically within said hollow conductor, and means for applying signal energy to said grid and heating energy to said cathode at points on said hollow conductor and said inner conductor which are symmetrically located with respect to the ends thereof.
  • An ultra short wave amplifier system comprising an electron discharge device having an anode, a cathode and a grid, a concentric line having an outer conductor and an inner conductor, said outer conductor having a point thereon of high radio frequency potential, means for impressing between said grid and cathode the potential diiierence between the potential on said point on said hollow conductor and the potential at an adjacent point on said inner conductor, said inner conductor constituting part of the anode-cathode circuit of said device, and means for impressing a signal voltage between a point on said outer conductor having relatively low radio frequency potential and another point on said inner conductor.
  • An ultra short wave amplifier system comprising an electron discharge device having an anode, a cathode and a grid, a concentric line having an outer conductor and an inner conductor, said outer conductor having a point thereon of high radio frequency potential, means for impressing between said grid and cathode the potential difference between the potential on said point on said hollow conductor and the potential at an adjacent point on said inner conductor, said inner conductor constituting part of the anode-cathode circuit of said device, means for impressing a signal voltage between a point on said outer conductor having relatively low radio frequency potential and another point on said inner conductor, and means for neutralizing the effect of capacity between said grid and anode.
  • An ultra short wave amplifier system comprising an electron discharge device having an anode, a cathode and a grid, a concentric line having an outer conductor and an inner con,- ductor, said outer conductor having a point thereon of high radio frequency potential, means for impressing between said grid and cathode the potential difference between the potential on said point on said hollow conductor and the potential at an adjacent point on said inner conductor, said inner conductor constituting part of the anode-cathode circuit of said device, means for impressing a signal voltage between a point on said outer conductor having relatively low radio frequency potential and another point on said inner conductor, and means for neutralizing the effect of capacity between said grid and anode, said last means comprising a network having capacitive elements so spaced that their characteristics simulate those of the electrodes of said electron discharge device.
  • a multi-electrode electron discharge device having a cathode and a grid, a section of concentric line whose outer conductor forms a part of a resonant circuit, means for supplying input signals between the inner and outer conductors of said line at a voltage nodal point on said resonant circuit, and connections for impressing upon said grid and cathode the potential difference existing between said conductors at a point on said resonant circuit having relatively high radio frequency potentials, said resonant circuit forming a tank for said electron discharge device.
  • An ultra short wave transmitter circuit comprising an electron discharge device having an anode, a cathode, and a grid, a network having capacitive elements so arranged and spaced that their characteristics simulate those of the electrodes of said electron discharge device, connections between corresponding elements of said electron discharge device and network, the connection between said anode and the corresponding element of said network including a capacity whose value is higher than the interelectrode capacity of the electron discharge device, the connection between the grid of said device and the corresponding element of said network consisting of a hollow electrical conductor, the connection between the cathode of Said device and the corresponding element of said network comprising a conductor arranged concentrically within said hollow conductor, and an input circuit coupled between a point of low radio frequency potential on said hollow conductor and a point on said inner conductor.
  • An ultra short wave transmitter circuit comprising an electron discharge device having an anode, a cathode, and a grid, a network having capacitive elements so arranged and spaced that their characteristics simulate those of the electrodes of said electron discharge device, connections between corresponding elements of said electron discharge device and network, the connection between said anode and the corresponding element of said network including a capacity,
  • connection between the grid of said device and the corresponding element of said network consisting of a hollow electrical conductor
  • connection between the cathode of said device and the corresponding element of said network comprising a conductor arranged concentrically within said hollow conductor, a utilization circuit coupled to both sides of said capacity, and an input circuit coupled between a point of low radio frequency potential on said hollow conductor and a point on said inner conductor.
  • An ultra short Wave transmitter circuit comprising an electron discharge device having an anode, a cathode, and a grid, a network having capacitive elements so arranged and spaced that their characteristics simulate those of the electrodes of said electron discharge device, connections between corresponding elements of said electron discharge device and network, the connection between said anode and the corresponding element of said network including a capacity whose value is higher than the interelectrode capacity of the electron discharge device, the connection between the grid of said device and the corresponding element of said network consisting of a hollow electrical conductor, the connection between the cathode of said device and the corresponding element of said network comprising a conductor arranged concentrically within said hollow conductor, a symmetrical load circuit coupled to both sides of said capacity through a feeder which matches the impedance of said load and that portion of said amplifier to which said feeder is connected, and an input circuit coupled between a point of low radio frequency potential on said hollow conductor and a point on said inner conductor.
  • an electron discharge device having an anode, a cathode and a grid, a network having capacitive elements whose characteristics simulate those of the electrodes of said electron discharge device, connections including a section of line having an outer conductor and an inner conductor for respectively coupling together certain electrodes of said device to corresponding elements of said network, said outer conductor forming part of a resonant circuit, and means for maintaining the connection between said anode and the corresponding element of said network at substantially zero radio frequency potential.
  • an electron discharge device having an anode, a cathode and a grid, a network having capacitive elements whose characteristics simulate those of the electrodes of said electron discharge device, connections including a section of line having an outer conductor and an inner conductor for respectively coupling together the electrodes of said device to corresponding elements of said network, one of said conductors comprising the connection between said grid and the corresponding element of said network while the other conductor comprises the connection between said cathode and the corrresponding element of said network, said outer conductor forming part of a resonant circuit, and means for maintaining the connection between said anode and the corresponding element of said network at substantially zero radio frequency potential.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
US106350A 1935-11-19 1936-10-19 Short wave transmitter Expired - Lifetime US2163582A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1935T0046031 DE688045C (de) 1935-11-19 1935-11-19 Mittels einer Roehrennachbildung anodenneutralisierte Verstaerkeranordnung fuer kurze Wellen grosser Leistung
DE478849X 1935-11-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2163582A true US2163582A (en) 1939-06-27

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ID=25944332

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US106350A Expired - Lifetime US2163582A (en) 1935-11-19 1936-10-19 Short wave transmitter
US111346A Expired - Lifetime US2170653A (en) 1935-11-19 1936-11-18 Electron discharge tube for ultra high frequency systems

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US111346A Expired - Lifetime US2170653A (en) 1935-11-19 1936-11-18 Electron discharge tube for ultra high frequency systems

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (2) US2163582A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE688045C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR813706A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB478849A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (2) NL80058B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL62596C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1941-02-27
US2423443A (en) * 1942-12-31 1947-07-08 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High power electronic discharge device for generating ultra high frequency radiations
US2424685A (en) * 1946-05-29 1947-07-29 Eitel Mccullough Inc Multiunit electron tube
US2534077A (en) * 1947-03-21 1950-12-12 Reconstruction Finance Corp Multiunit electron discharge tube

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR813706A (fr) 1937-06-08
NL51108C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE688045C (de) 1940-02-10
NL80058B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB478849A (en) 1938-01-26
US2170653A (en) 1939-08-22

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