US2163244A - Signal translating apparatus - Google Patents

Signal translating apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US2163244A
US2163244A US88141A US8814136A US2163244A US 2163244 A US2163244 A US 2163244A US 88141 A US88141 A US 88141A US 8814136 A US8814136 A US 8814136A US 2163244 A US2163244 A US 2163244A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
anode
vessel
control electrode
grid
cathode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US88141A
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English (en)
Inventor
Reymond J Kircher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AT&T Corp
Original Assignee
Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL48186D priority Critical patent/NL48186C/xx
Application filed by Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc filed Critical Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority to US88141A priority patent/US2163244A/en
Priority to FR824729D priority patent/FR824729A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2163244A publication Critical patent/US2163244A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/08—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce detrimental influences of internal impedances of amplifying elements
    • H03F1/14—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce detrimental influences of internal impedances of amplifying elements by use of neutralising means
    • H03F1/16—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce detrimental influences of internal impedances of amplifying elements by use of neutralising means in discharge-tube amplifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J19/00—Details of vacuum tubes of the types covered by group H01J21/00
    • H01J19/82—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the tube and not otherwise provided for
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J21/00—Vacuum tubes
    • H01J21/20—Tubes with more than one discharge path; Multiple tubes, e.g. double diode, triode-hexode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B9/00—Generation of oscillations using transit-time effects
    • H03B9/01—Generation of oscillations using transit-time effects using discharge tubes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2893/00—Discharge tubes and lamps
    • H01J2893/003—Tubes with plural electrode systems

Definitions

  • This invention relates to signal translating apparatus and more particularly to electron discharge devices especially suitable for use as ultra-high frequency amplifiers.
  • One object of this invention is to reduce distortion in amplifiers including electron discharge devices.
  • Another object of this invention is to facilitate the adjustment of the coupling between electrodes of a plurality of electron discharge de vices, specifically, for example, between the control electrodes and anodes of a pair of such devices operated in push pull.
  • a push-pull amplifier comprises a pair of electron discharge devices each of which ineludes an enclosing vessel having a substantially plane wall, and housing a cathode, a control electrode or grid, and an anode.
  • the control electrode and anode of each device are provided with relatively large area fins which may be substantially coplanar and disposed adjacent and substantially parallel to the plane wall of the enclosing vessel.
  • the two vessels are positioned with the plane walls thereof opposite and substantially parallel whereby the fin on the control electrode of each device is opposite to the fin on the anode of the other device and forms a condenser therewith.
  • the capacitance of the condensers thus formed may be adjusted expeditiously by dielectric or metallic plates slidably mounted between the plane walls of the enclosing vessel.
  • the condensers may be so adjusted that they are of the same capacitance as the internal grid-anode capacitance whereby the appearance of deleterious potentials upon the control electrodes is prevented and distortion in the output of the amplifier is materially reduced or substantially eliminated.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view of signal translating apparatus including electron discharge devices constructed in accordance with this invention, one of the devices being illustrated in phantom;
  • Fig. 2 is a top view partly in cross-section of the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 1, showing the form and relation of the electrodes of the electron discharge devices;
  • Fig. 3 is a view in perspective of another illustrative embodiment of this invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a top view partly in cross section of the apparatus shown in Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of a push-pull amplifier illustrative of one embodiment of this invention.
  • theapparatus shown in Figs. 1 and 2 comprises a pair of similar electron discharge devices, designated generally as and II, each of which includes an enclosing vessel having asubstantially semi-cylindrical 10 portion I2 and a substantially plane wall l3, the vessels being provided with an external press It.
  • a cathode l5 Disposed within each vessel is a cathode l5 which may be a linear filament supported at its ends by wires or rods l6 and I1 sealed in the 18 press I4, preferably at relatively widely spaced points.
  • the cathode has been shown as a filament, it may be of other types, for example, of the equipotential indirectly heated type.
  • the supports I6 and I1 may 20 boundary coaxial with the cathode IS.
  • the control electrode or grid may be supported by a single metallic rod or wire 20 afiixed to one of the annular members lBand sealed in the press l4, preferably in proximity to the leading-in conductor l6 for the cathode l5.
  • Each control electrode is provided with a relatively large area metallic or graphitic plate or fin 2! which is positioned closely adjacent and substantially parallel to the plane wall l3 of the corresponding enclosing vessel.
  • An anode is cooperatively associated with each cathode and control electrode and may be, for example, a single piece metallic'or graphitic casting including an arcuate portion 22, coaxial with the corresponding cathode and control electrode,
  • the anode may be supported by a single metallic rod or wire 21 secured to the flange 26 and sealed in the press l4, preferably in proximity to the leading-in conductor l1 for the cathode IS.
  • the fin 23 is provided with a plane surface 28 disposed immediately adjacent andsubstantially parallel to the plane wall i3 of the corresponding enclosing vessel, and preferably coplanar with the outer surface of the plate member or fin 2
  • the cathode, control electrode and anode of each of the electron discharge devices preferably are spaced as closely together as may be dictated by the desired characteristics of the device and by the mechanical feasibility and the allowances for the necessary insulation requirements.
  • the two electron discharge devices IO and II are mounted with the plane walls l3 thereof opposite, closely adjacent and substantially parallel.
  • on the control electrode or grid of each device is-opposite and parallel to the fin 23 of the anode of the other device and forms a condenser therewith, whereby the control electrode or grid of each device is capacitively coupled to the anode of the other device.
  • the capacitance of the condensers thus formed, and hence the coupling between the control electrodes and anodes, may be adjusted by dielectric or metallic plates 29 each of which is slidably mounted in a groove 30 in a base or support 3
  • each control electrode will receive an identical amount of energy feedback from both of the anodes, but the voltage appearing upon the v control electrode by virtue of its capacitance to one anode is 180 degrees out oi phase with the potential appearing thereon by virtue of its capacitance to the other anode.
  • the net potential, therefore, induced upon each control electrode is zero so that distortion is minimized and substantially eliminated as are the regeneration and oscillation propensities.
  • should be of a good dielectric or insulating material so that the capacity of the plates 29 to ground" will be small.
  • the several electrodes may be accurately positioned within the semi-cylindrical portion l2 of the corresponding enclosing vessel and the leading-in conductors therefor sealed in the press ll. Subsequently the vessels may be sealed by fusing the plane walls
  • a suitable outlet, not shown, may be provided for allowing evacuation of the enclosing vessel.
  • the two electrode units may be mounted in a single enclosing vessel 32, the several electrodes being substantially identical in construction to those illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 and supported solely by the leadingin conductors therefor.
  • are provided with curved portions 36 adjacent their attachment to the grids so that the area of opposed portions of these fins is very small and the input capacity is maintained relatively low.
  • associated with the control electrode of each electrode unit is disposed opposite and sub stantially parallel to the fin or plate member 23 on the anode of the other electrode unit and forms a condenser therewith.
  • the fins may assume whatever structural properties that may be desirable for the fullest realization of all functions which they perform.
  • a narrow fiat envelope 33 which is disposed between the two electrode units and has opposite walls substantially parallel to the plate members or fins 2
  • the envelope 33 is provide with inlet and outlet ports 34 and 35 respectively sealed in walls of the enclosing vessel 32.
  • a fluid, liquid or gas, may be introduced into and removed from the envelope 33 for varying and adjusting the capacitance of the condensers formed by the plate members or fins 2
  • the fiuid may be a conductive material, for example mercury, or a non-conductive material having a high dielectric constant, such for example as oil.
  • the level of the fluid within the envelope 33 may be such that the capacitance between each fin 2
  • the envelope 33 may have therein a quantity of a suitable gas under pressure, the dielectric constant being determined by the nature of the gas and the pressure.
  • the gas and the pressure at non-operating temperatures may be so chosen that at the temperatures extant in the device during operation the dielectric constant of the gas is increased in amount such as to counteract and oflset any positive increment in the capacity between the plate members or fins on the grids and anodes.
  • the electron discharge devices heretofore described may be utilized in a push-pull amplifier as illustrated, for example, in Fig. 5.
  • the grids or control electrodes l9 may be connected to opposite ends of the secondary winding of an input transformer T1, a source, such as a battery C being provided to apply a suitable biasing potential to the grids.
  • the anodes 22 may be connected to opposite ends of the primary of an output transformer T2 and have a suitable potential applied thereto from a source such as a battery B.
  • the capacitances between each grid and the corresponding anode are indicated by the ,copdensers C1 and C1.
  • the capacitances between the grid of each device and the anode of the other device are indicated by the condensers C: and C1.
  • the latter capacitances are adjusted as described hereinabove so that the resultant energy feedback to each grid is substantially zero in accord with the capacity bridge type of neutralization.
  • Signal translating apparatus comprising a pair of enclosing vessels having juxtaposed walls and each housing a plurality of electrodes, and means including plate members immediately adjacent said walls and within said vessels forming a condenser capacitively coupling an electrode within one vessel to an electrode within the other vessel.
  • Signal translating apparatus in accordance with claim 1 comprising means exterior to said vessels and between said walls for varying the coupling between the coupled electrodes.
  • Signal translating apparatus comprising a pair of enclosing vessels, a plurality of electrodes within each of said vessels, leading-in conductors for said electrodes, and juxtaposed plate members separate from said leading-in conductors and within said vessels forming condensers coupling two of the electrodes within one vessel to two of electrodes within the other vessel.
  • Signal translating apparatus in accordance with claim 3- comprising means exterior to said vessels and insertable between said plate members for varying the capacitance of said condensers.
  • An-electron discharge device comprising an enclosing vessel having a substantially plane wall, a cathode, a control electrode and an anode within said vessel, means electrically connected to said control electrode consisting of a plate member extending substantially parallel to and immediately adjacent said wall, and means electricaly integral with said anode consisting of a plate member substantially coplanar with said first plate member and also immediately adjacent said wall.
  • An electron discharge device comprising an enclosing vessel having a substantially plane wall, a cathode, a cylindrical control electrode encompassing said cathode, an arcuate anode cooperatively associated with said cathode, metallic fins extending individually from said control electrode and said anode and electrically connected thereto, said fins being disposed immediately adjacent said plane wall and substantially parallel thereto, and means outside of said vessel forming condensers with said fins.
  • An electron discharge device comprising a pair of electrode units each including a cathode, a control electrode and an anode, the control electrode of one of said units having a fin portion, the anode of the other of said 'units having a fin portion adjacent said first fin portion and forming a condenser therewith, and means between said fin portions for adjusting the cae pacitance of said condenser.
  • An electron discharge device comprising a pair of electrode units each including a cathode, a control electrode having a fin portion, and an anode having a fin portion, the fin portion of the control electrode of each of said units being opposite the fin portion of the anode of the other unit, whereby the control electrode of each unit is coupled to the anode of the'other unit, and means between opposite of said fin portions and substantially parallel thereto for varying the coupling'between said control electrodes and said anodes.
  • Signal translating apparatus comprising a pair of enclosing vessels each housing a cathode, a control electrode and an anode, means including members within said vessels capacitively coupling the control electrode within each vessel to the anode within the other vessel, and means for varying the capacitive coupling between the control electrode in each vessel and the anode in the other vessel.
  • Signal translating apparatus comprising a pair of enclosing vessels each housing a cathode
  • a control electrode and an anode plate members within said vessels forming condensers coupling the control electrode in each vessel to the anode in the other vessel, each plate member being electrically connected to one of said control electrodes or anodes and each member in one vessel being opposite one member in the other vessel, and means exterior to said vessels and insertable between opposite plate members for varying the capacitance of said condensers.
  • Electron discharge apparatus comprising a pair of enclosing vessels having opposed walls, a cathode, an anode, and a control electrode within each of said vessels means coupling the control electrode in each vessel to the anode in the other vessel including conductive members adjacent said walls, and coupling adjusting means between said walls.
  • Electron discharge apparatus comprising a extending between said opposite extended portions.
  • Signal translating apparatus comprising" a pair of enclosing vessels having opposed walls, an electrode unit within each of said vessels including a cathode, a control electrode and an anode, condensers coupling each control electrode to the anode of the other unit, including plate members within said vessels and adjacent said walls, and means between said walls for varying the capacitance of said condensers.
  • Signal translating apparatus comprising a pair of enclosing vessels having juxtaposed plane parallel walls, an electrode unit within each of said vessels including a cathode, a grid encompassing said cathode, ahd an arcuate anode, each grid and anode having a large surface plane fin adjacent said walls and substantially parallel thereto, the fin of each control electrode being opposite the fin of the anode of the other unit and forming a condenser therewith, and slidable plate members between said walls for varying the capacitance of said condensers.
  • An electron discharge device comprising an enclosing vessel, an envelope in said vessel, a plurality of electrodes within said vessel having portions adjacent said envelope and forming a condenser therewith, and means for introducing a fluid into said envelope for varying the capacitance of said condenser.
  • An electron discharge device comprising an enclosing vessel, a plurality of electrodes within said vessel, means defining a chamber between two of said electrodes, and inlet means for said chamber whereby a fluid may be introduced into said chamber for varying the capacitance between said two electrodes.
  • An electron discharge device comprising an enclosing vessel, an envelope within said vessel, a plurality of electrode units within said vessel each including a pair of electrodes having portions adjacent said envelope and forming condensers coupling the pair of electrodes of one unit to the pair of electrodes of the other unit,
  • densers may be adjusted.
  • Antelectron discharge device comprising an enclosing vessel, a pair of electrode units within said vessel each including a cathode, a grid and an anode, the grids and anodes having tins and the fin on the grid of each unit being opposite the iin on the anode of the other unit and forming a condenser therewith, and an envelope extending between said opposite fins and adapted to have a fluid introduced therein for varying the capacitance of said condensers.
  • a push-pull amplifier comprising a pair of similar electrode units each including a cathode, a grid and an anode, the grid of each of said units having a portion in proximity to the anode of the other of said units and forming a con denser therewith, and means between said portions of the grids and anodes which are in proximity for adjusting the capacitance of each of said condensers to a value commensurate with the grid-anode capacitance of each or said electrode units.
  • An electron discharge device comprising a pair oi similar electrode units each including a cathode, a grid encompassing the cathode, and an arcuate anode coaxial with the grid, each grid having a plate member electrically integral therewith and each anode having an integral tin substantially coplanar with the plate member of the corresponding grid, each anode tin being opposite and substantially parallel to the plate member of the grid of the other electrode unit and forming a condenser therewith, and means removably insert'able between each of said plate members andthe opposite iin for varying the capacitance of the condenser formed thereby.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
US88141A 1936-06-30 1936-06-30 Signal translating apparatus Expired - Lifetime US2163244A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL48186D NL48186C (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1936-06-30
US88141A US2163244A (en) 1936-06-30 1936-06-30 Signal translating apparatus
FR824729D FR824729A (fr) 1936-06-30 1937-06-18 Dispositifs à décharge électronique

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US88141A US2163244A (en) 1936-06-30 1936-06-30 Signal translating apparatus

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US2163244A true US2163244A (en) 1939-06-20

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US88141A Expired - Lifetime US2163244A (en) 1936-06-30 1936-06-30 Signal translating apparatus

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US (1) US2163244A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
FR (1) FR824729A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
NL (1) NL48186C (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE748743C (de) * 1939-11-07 1944-11-09 Einrichtung zur Neutralisation einer Roehrenanordnung fuer Ultrakurzwellen
US2423443A (en) * 1942-12-31 1947-07-08 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High power electronic discharge device for generating ultra high frequency radiations
US3217202A (en) * 1961-06-12 1965-11-09 Rca Corp Variable-mu electron discharge device

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE748743C (de) * 1939-11-07 1944-11-09 Einrichtung zur Neutralisation einer Roehrenanordnung fuer Ultrakurzwellen
US2423443A (en) * 1942-12-31 1947-07-08 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High power electronic discharge device for generating ultra high frequency radiations
US3217202A (en) * 1961-06-12 1965-11-09 Rca Corp Variable-mu electron discharge device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR824729A (fr) 1938-02-15
NL48186C (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)

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