US2163043A - Hair dyeing composition and method - Google Patents

Description

Patented June 20, 1939 UNITED STATES HAIR. DYEING COMPOSITION AND METHOD Wolf Kritchevsky, Chicago, 111., assignor to Kit Products Corporation, Chicago, Ill., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing.

14 Claims.

My invention relates to the coloring of hair.

4 It relates more in particular to a method of and materials for coloring human hair on human heads.

6 The concept of dyeing hair is in general an extremely old one. Although many different types of dyes have been and are used at the present time for dyeing hair, most of them used up to the present time have been unsatisfactory 10 from one of several standpoints. The conventional hair dye employs inorganic salts, usually lead or silver salts, which produce the desired shades by forming sulphides or oxides. This type of dye is unsatisfactory, because it is poisonous and, secondly, because it produces unnatural shades. Actually, this form of dye coats the ,hair rather than dyes it, and so it will be substantially impossible to obtain suitable effects by the use of dyes of this character.

There are a number of organic base dyes now being sold commercially with fair satisfaction to obtain suitable colors and natural appearance in dyeing of human hair. But heretofore most of the dyes of this class have been found to be poisonous and so should not be used on the hair for that reason. Dyes of this class, of which para-phenylenediamine and para-amidophenol may be taken as examples, are applied to the hair with hydrogen peroxide or other oxidizing agent which oxidizes the bases to form colored compounds having a wide variety of shades. The poisonous character of these dyes manifests itself in general by getting into the blood stream and reducing the blood'and by, forming rashes on the skin. While every user of this class of dye does not feel the effects. of poison, the proportionate number of users directly affected is sufliciently high to make these dyes very unsatisfactory.

40 A number of coal tar dyes are known which are non-poisonousand which may be used very satisfactorily to dye human hair ifthe dyeing is carried on at an elevated temperature. In view of the fact that hair cannot be dyed in situ at a temperature high enough to be uncomfortable to the head, and since, further, conditions are not V such as to permit the use of large concentrations of alkali or acid, which otherwise could be used to produce proper results, the non-poisonous coal tar dyes have not been used to any great extent.

They will color the hair, but substantially only a surface coating of the color is applied and this will wash off quite readily, leaving the hair without dye.

66 The object of my invention to overcome the Application February 7, 1938, Serial No. 189,168

objections found in the use of hair dyes known heretofore.

Another object is the provision of means for coloring the hairwith a natural appearingdye which is not too readily removed and which is 5 non-poisonous. v

Another object is the provision of means for dyeing the hair which can be made available to ordinary users and which can be used by the person of ordinary intelligence and experience in 10 dyeing. v

In carrying out my invention, I have made the discovery that if a proportion of urea, or certain derivatives of urea as hereinafter fully described,

is employed with a dye, that dye can be used" much more satisfactorily for coloring the human hair due to the presence and action of the urea or derivative thereof. A number of advantages attend the use of the urea or derivatives thereof but, in general, these may be, classified as the 20 ability to dye at a lower temperature, the production of a, faster and more permanent color on the hair, and the possibility of using dyes for coloring the hair which heretofore were entirely unsatisfactory for the purpose. .Adherence is 25 better, evener, more natural appearing, and in other ways more satisfactory final results are obtained. While the urea or its derivatives may be used with any type of dye which can be used to dye the hair, the invention makes possible the 30 selection of dyes which in themselves are nonirritating to the skin and non-poisonous to the human body. The urea or itsderivatives does not affect the toxicity of the dye; in other words, if a normally non-toxicdye is used, it will be 35 non-toxic in the presence of the urea or its derivatives.

My invention obviously does not concern itself with the use of any particular types of dyes. I

- may accordingly use any suitable coal tar dye, 4o

vegetable dye or dye of animal origin. The dye may be synthetically prepared or it may be a natural dye; acid, direct and basic dyes produce satisfactory results whether they belong to the azo group, anthraquinone ,group,'triphenylmeth- 45 ane group, etc.

Although aqueous solutions have been referred to, it is by no means necessary that the hair be dyed with a water solution of the dye. N naqueous solvents may be used where and if in- 50 dicated and the urea or its derivatives will 1'' nction effectively as a hair dyeing assistant. 5

The dye composition employed may, in addition to the dye proper andurea or its derivatives, contain ingredients like diluents, salt, sugar, as- 66 in which case B and R a While numerous examples may be given of sistants, water proofing agents, flxatives, and the like, now used in the dyeing industries. Gums can also be used which are soluble in urea or its derivatives or in the solvent used with the dye. Gums may be used in such a manner as to form a coating on the hair along with the dye, so that upon drying the coating becomes substantially insoluble. Small proportions of gum damar, rezyls, .glyptals, urea resins, etc., can be used.

The hair dye composition may be made in the form of a powder, cake or stick, to be dissolved in water or other solvent, or in the form of a solution or paste. So far as the present invention is concerned, this may be considered a matter of convenience not affecting the results obtained'by the combination of the dye and urea or its derivatives.

The chemical compounds which I employ herein are characterized by the presence of the functional group I N =C/ and, in general, fall within the scope of the formula 1 tives or substitution products such as halogen,

hydroxy and the like. R. and B may be the same radical or they may be different radicals. In its simplest form, the compound is urea are hydrogen.

chemical compounds which may be employed in admixture with the organic dyes, the following illustrative examples will be suflicient:

canon NIP-C4110 NIH-04H.

While urea itself is useful for my present purposes, I have found that urea derivatives of the type where R and R are in part at least alkyl groups which contain not more than four carbon atoms are unusually suitable for my present purposes and I have found the monoalkyl derivatives such as represented by compounds 14, 15 and 16 to be especially satisfactory.

A solvent for the dye should be employed in which the urea or derivative thereof is soluble. Normally, water is preferably employed although other solvents in which urea or its derivatives is soluble may be employed such as ethyl alcohol or other organic solvents or mixtures thereof with water. a

The urea or derivative thereof may be used in proportions varying from 1% to n even higher on the basis of the solvent employed. The amount of dye used may range from a fraction of 1% of the solvent up to 10% and more, depending upon the density of the shade desired. When solid preparations are produced, and merchandised as such, they can be made up either of the dye and urea or derivative thereof alone, or mixtures of the dye, urea or derivative thereof and salt, sugar, Glaubers salt, or other organic or inorganic salt, gum, water-proofing agent, diluent, fixative, and the like, used when dyeing. For the preparation of package dye compositions or the like in dry, powdered form. an urea derivative should be employed which does not melt below about 55 degrees C. in order to insure that the product will remain. in powder form even under unusually high temperature conditions due to weather or storage conditions.

Mechanics of the method consist of dissolvlng the hair dye composition in water or other solvent to make a solution of suitable strength, depending upon the shade desired. This solution is applied tothe hair with a brush, sponge, or by other means of contact, such as dipping until the hair is properly saturated with the solution. The temperature maybe modified somewhat to suit the particular dye used, but it should not be sufllciently high to be markedly uncomfortable to the head. The product can be made in the form of a paste which can be put on the head as a pack. Whatever the means of application, the dye solution should be allowed to dry completely and the hair then thoroughly rinsed with warm water. After-this, the hair is dried again. As an example of the use of my invention, the following compositions may be considered.

For blond hair:

Parts Compound 15 10 Cupranll Brown C. I. 560 1 The above to be dissolved in 89 parts of water.

For reddish brown hair:

Parts Compound 14 1 10 Direct Brown G X C. I; 606 1 Cupranil Brown B. C. I. 560 1 Pontacyl Black R X C. I. 289 5 This is dissolved in'a suitable amount of water depending upon the shade desired, 87.5 parts of water giving a medium shade.

- While most of the examples given are used in water solution, compositions are readily made for use with a mixture of water and organic solvents, or for use with pure organic solvents.

It should be understood that the invention is not limited to use with any particular class of dyes or with anyparticular process; Any dye suitable for the purpose can be use with the urea or derivatives thereof and, when applied to the hair in the form of a solution orpaste, will produce a hair coloring of greatly improved character. While my invention does not, in general, contemplate the use of toxic dyes on the human head due to their deleterious 'exect upon body tissue, nevertheless urea and its derivatives, when used in accordance with my invention, will improve the action of such dyes when used in hair dyeing.

Whenever the term hair is employed in the claims, it will be understood to mean hair on the human head.

What I claim as new and desire to protect by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. The method of dyeing hair which comprises treating the hair with a composition including an organic dye and a chemical having the nucleus 3. The method of dyeing hair which comprises 15 treating the hair with a compositionincluding an organic dye having an acidic group and a chemical having the general formula 20 0=c I H wherein R and R are hydrogen, organic hydrocarbon radicals or derivatives thereof. 25 4. The method of dyeing hair which comprises treating the hair with a composition including an organic dye having an acidic group and a chemical having the general formula wherein R and R are members selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, cyclo- 35 alkyl, aryl,.aralkyl, alkylol, aralkylol, and derivatives thereof.

5. The method of dyeing hair which comprises treating the hair with a composition including a water-soluble organic dye and a chemical com- 0 pound, having a melting point not substantially less than 55 degrees 0., corresponding to the general formula I wherein R and R are members selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkvl, alkylol, aralkylol, and derivatives thereof.

6. A hair dyeing composition comprising an organic dye and a chemical compound having the nucleus 7. A hair dyeing composition comprising an organic dye and a chemical compound corresponding to the general formula 69 I NR:

wherein R and R are hydrogen, organic hydrocarbon radicals or derivatives thereof.

I 8. A hair dyeing composition comprising a water-soluble organic dyeand a chemical'compound corresponding to the general formula wherein R and R are members selected from 75 the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, cycloaikyi, aryl, araib'l, aligyloi, aralkylol, and derivatives thereof.

9. A hair dyeing composition comprising a water-soluble organic dye and a chemical compound having the general formula wherein R. is an alkyl radical.

10. A hair dyeing composition comprising a water-soluble organic dye and a chemical compound having the formula 11. A hair dyeing composition containing a water-soluble dye, a solvent therefor, and a chemical compound corresponding to the general formula NR1: wherein R and R are hydrogen, organic hydrocarbon radicals or derivatives thereof, the chemical compound comprising between approximately 1% and 25% and the organic dye comprising between about a fraction of 1% and 10%, the percentages being by weight and based upon the amount of the solvent.

and urea.

14. A hair dyeing composition comprising a dry mixture including at least one innocuous water-soluble coal tar dye and urea, the urea being present in amounts in excess of that of the dye.

WOLF KRITCHEVSKY.