US2162850A - Mercury cathode discharge tube - Google Patents

Mercury cathode discharge tube Download PDF

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Publication number
US2162850A
US2162850A US150623A US15062337A US2162850A US 2162850 A US2162850 A US 2162850A US 150623 A US150623 A US 150623A US 15062337 A US15062337 A US 15062337A US 2162850 A US2162850 A US 2162850A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
metal
cathode
layer
anchoring
core
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US150623A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Lems Hendrik
Los Cornelis Bastiaan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV filed Critical Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2162850A publication Critical patent/US2162850A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B39/00—Arrangements for moving, supporting, or positioning work, or controlling its movement, combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B39/002—Piling, unpiling, unscrambling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H3/00—Separating articles from piles
    • B65H3/08—Separating articles from piles using pneumatic force
    • B65H3/0808—Suction grippers
    • B65H3/0816—Suction grippers separating from the top of pile
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J13/00—Discharge tubes with liquid-pool cathodes, e.g. metal-vapour rectifying tubes
    • H01J13/02—Details
    • H01J13/04—Main electrodes; Auxiliary anodes
    • H01J13/06—Cathodes
    • H01J13/12—Positioning or moving the cathode spot on the surface of the pool
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2893/00—Discharge tubes and lamps
    • H01J2893/0072—Disassembly or repair of discharge tubes
    • H01J2893/0073—Discharge tubes with liquid poolcathodes; constructional details
    • H01J2893/0074—Cathodic cups; Screens; Reflectors; Filters; Windows; Protection against mercury deposition; Returning condensed electrode material to the cathodic cup; Liquid electrode level control
    • H01J2893/0075—Cathodic cups
    • H01J2893/008—Means for stabilising the cathodic spot
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/923—Physical dimension
    • Y10S428/924—Composite
    • Y10S428/926—Thickness of individual layer specified
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12806—Refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12812—Diverse refractory group metal-base components: alternative to or next to each other
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12875—Platinum group metal-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12944—Ni-base component

Definitions

  • Our invention relates to mercury-cathode discharge tubes and more particularly to cathodespot anchoring bodies for such tubes.
  • Such bodies are made of a metal whose 5 surface is capable of being wetted bythe cathode mercury, either by amalgamation or due "to its cleanliness. rIf the bodies are made-of an oxidizable metal, such as nickel, it is necessary-to completely remove by reduction the oxide layer Vwhich is always formed during the manufactureof'the tube, in order to allow the amalgamation. On the other hand, if the bodies are madefo'fa metal fwhich oxidizes with diliiculty, i. e. metals Awhich remain vclean and lretain their anchoring vproperties under all*4 conditions and even lat high temperatures, it is necessary touse one of the noble metals, which are comparatively expensive.
  • the 4composite vanchoring member from a substratum of a metal Which has satisfactory vanchoring properties Abut which readily oxidizes Yat high temperatures, and provide this substraturngprior to the assembling of the tube, with 'a thin coveri- 'ing'or protective layer of a metal which also has satisfactory anchoring properties b'ut'which does not oxidize at high temperatures.
  • the protective orcovering layer need have a thickness 'of only a few'microns becausegitis .not intended to remain 'int'act during even normal operation of the finished tube, Aas the Vcore when uncovered cannot oxidize in the vacuum of the tube and its surfacehas satisfactoryanchoring properties.
  • the anchor-ing body remains free from oxide 'during the manufacture of the tube, and after the tube is completed, the loss of the covering layer can no longer affect the anchoring properties of the anchoring body.
  • Fig. 2 is a lsectionized view of an anchoring l5 body according to one embodiment of the 4invention; and 'v Y Y y Fig.c3 is Y'a sectionized View of an anchoring 20 Y
  • The'rectier shown in Figure 1 has an Yenvelope comprising a 'cup-shaped metal member I, for injstance ⁇ of chrome iron, and a glass member 2 hermetically fused together at II.
  • a mercury'cathode 3 Disposed in the bottomo'f member I is a mercury'cathode 3, 25 whereas a 'main anode V8 is supported from the lower endoi a conductor 6 whose rupper'end is ⁇ secured to a metal disc 4 hermetically sealed in glass portion 2 and carrying a suitable terminal.
  • a cooling ljacket I2 Surrounding the metal member ⁇ I is. a cooling ljacket I2 'having an inlet opening I3 and an outlet opening I4, and through whichv al circulating cooling medium, such as water, is circulated in the direction of the arrows during operation of the rectifier.
  • Jacket I3 is secured to metal 55 member I by a copper bolt .I5 secured, for instance by welding, to the bottom of member I and serving to supply current to cathode 3.
  • an anchoring body 26 Secured to the upper surface of the bottom of member I is an anchoring body 26, later to be discussed.
  • annular member 25 for instance of molybdenum
  • the anchoring body 26 is formed of a core 2l of a metal of good anchoring properties but which readily oxidizes, and a thinprotective layer 28 of a material oi good anchoring properties and which does not oxidize.
  • the core 2l may be of a metal such as nickel, or molybdenum, whereas the layer 28 may be'of a metal such as platinum, iridium, palladium, or rhodium.
  • the layer 28 does not serve any function during the operation of the tube, it may be very thin, for instance of the order of a few microns. For example in the case of platinum it may be about 5 microns.
  • core 22 is secured to member I, for instance by welding or soldering, and the layer 28 is then applied by the wellknown electroplating process or by cathode disintegration.
  • nickel has the advantage that itV amalgamates with mercury when it has a clean surface, and on the other hand is attacked by the mercury and the cathode spot at such a low speed that a completely satisfactory life of the anchoring body and thus of the tube can be obtained.
  • anchoring body of Figure 3 which comprises ar core 29, a layer 30 of the same material as core 21 of Figure 1, and a covering or protective layer 28.
  • Core 29 is made of an inexpensive metal which can be worked in a satisfactory and simple manner, for instance by drawing or pressing.
  • metals such as copper, or aluminium, or alloys having a high percentage of copper may be used; however we prefer to use copper because it has a high heat conductivity. This allows a maximum heat dissipation from the active surface of the anchoring body through the body to the artificial cooling liquid, to thereby maintain the active surface at the proper temperature, essential for satisfactory functioning of the anchoring body.
  • the thickness of layer 30 depends upon the material used, and in the case of nickel we have found that a thickness of about 2 mm. gives a sufciently long life of the anchoring member. Greater thicknesses may even be inadvisable since, particularly when a copper core is used, dissipation of heat is unnecessarily reduced by the poorer heat conductivity of the thicker nickel layer. Y
  • a dischargeV tube comprising an envelop, an anode, a mercury'cathode, and a cathode-spot anchoring body, said body comprising a nickel substratum, and a thin protective layer of platinum.
  • a discharge tube comprising an envelope, an anode, a mercury cathode, and a cathode-spot anchoring body, said body comprising arcore of an inexpensive metal, alayer of nickel upon said core and adapted to act as the final anchoring body, and a thin protective layer of platinum upon said nickel layer.
  • a discharge tube comprising an envelope, an anode, a mercury cathode, and a cathode-spot anchoring body, said body comprising a core ⁇ oi. an inexpensive metal, a layer of. nickel upon said core and having a thickness of about 2 mm., and a thin protective layer of platinum upon said nickel layer.
  • a discharge tube comprising an envelope, an anode, a mercury cathode, and a cathode-spot anchoring body, said body comprising a copper core, a layer .ofl nickel upon said core, and a thin protective layer of A ⁇ platinum upon said nickel layer and having a thickness of the order of a few microns.
  • Y Y l 5.
  • a discharge tube comprising an ,envelope having a metal portion, an anode, a mercury cathode Within said metal portion, and a cathode-spot anchoring body secured to said metal portionLsaid body: comprising a core of an inexpensive metalof highrheat conductivity and having one surface secured to said metal -portion, a layer ⁇ of nickel covering the remaining surfaces ,lofsaid core, and a thin protective layer of platinum upon said nickel layer.
  • Itubeja cathode-spot anchoring member comprising a substratum of a readily-.oxidizable metal of good anchoring properties selected from the group consisting of nickel and molybdenum, and a ⁇ thin protective layer of a non-oxidizableand mercuryresistant.
  • metal of good anchoring properties selected from the group consisting of platinum, iridium, palladium and rhodium.
  • a cathode-spot anchoring member comprising a substratum of a readily-oxidizable metal of good anchoring properties selected from the group consisting of nickel and molybdenum, and a thin protective layer of a non-oxidizable and mercuryresistant metal of good anchoring properties se-I lected from the groupconsisting of platinum,
  • iridium palladium'andrhodium, said layer lhaving a thickness' of ⁇ the order of several microns.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
US150623A 1936-07-06 1937-06-26 Mercury cathode discharge tube Expired - Lifetime US2162850A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2162850X 1936-07-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2162850A true US2162850A (en) 1939-06-20

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US2162850A (fr)
FR (1) FR823981A (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2729748A (en) * 1950-08-17 1956-01-03 High Voltage Engineering Corp Apparatus for sterilizing foods, drugs and other substances by scanning action of high-energy electrons

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2729748A (en) * 1950-08-17 1956-01-03 High Voltage Engineering Corp Apparatus for sterilizing foods, drugs and other substances by scanning action of high-energy electrons

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR823981A (fr) 1938-01-29

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