US2160462A - Ramming machine - Google Patents

Description

y 1939- G. H. SCHIEFERSTEIN\ 2,160,462

RAMMING MACHINE Filed Nov. 1936 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 May 30, 1939. H. SCHIEFERSTEIN 1 3 RAMMING MACHINE Filed Nov. ll, 1936 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 F'g' i v 3 1197 GEWG* lifi/mici! .fCl/IEFERJTEIY Patented May 30, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Georg Heinrich Schieferstein, Berlin-Uharlottenburg, Germany Application November 11, 1936, Serial No. 110322 In Germany December 7, 1934 3 Claims.

Thisinvention relates to a ramming machine for driving piles and sheet piling, for consolidating road surfacing materials, concrete, sand or other substances, for crushing purposes, for briquetting coal or other materials and for similar purposes.

More particularly the invention relates to a ramming machine of the type comprising a driving system and a-driven system, adapted to oscillate with a. pronounced natural frequency, wherein the speed ofthe driving system is approximately in tune with the natural frequency of the driven system.

In the usual ramming machines, either hammers or tups are used, with which, however, the work proceeds at a very slow rate. Alternatively, oscillating rammers are used the power and output of which can be easily regulated, especially when' in resonance; however in the case of comparatively powerful blows, such machines tend to jump and to cause damage.

e The present invention aims at obviating the foregoing drawbacks and to this end, substantially consists in coupling, in resonance ramming machines of the type herein-before set forth, two

masses together by means'oi energy-accumulating members, such as springs, rubber members, pneumatic bufl'ers or the like, and setting them in oscillation by an actuating device which, as far as is possible, is attached at the neutral point of oscillation in the, entire system and is preferably .loose coupled. The advantage of this arrangement is that, through the easily attainable opposite' oscillation of the 'two masses, i. e., a phase displacement of 180, the centre of gravity of the wholemachine is able to remain approximately at rest, even when the force of the blows is substantially more powerful than the weight of the machine. Only' slight stresses are set up in the 40 connections of the machine. and specially high ramming eil'ects are obtainable, in all cases, with small expenditure of energy and with light machines. The invention also includes a number of features which will hereinaiter be described, and particularly an embodiment of apparatus for crushing hard materials, in which one mass is designed to receive the material 'a'nd. tm" other is designed as a ram; and, finally, a briquette press in which the one mass is designed as the matrix, and the other as the-ptrix of the extrusion'press. In order more clearly to understand the invention, reference is made to the accompanying 55 drawings which illustrate diagrammatically and by way of example a number of typical embodiments thereof and in which:

Fig. 1 is an elevation of the main portion of a ramming machine with in-built-motor; e

Fig. 2 is an elevation of a similar machine slung on a crane;

Fig. 3 is a slightly modified embodiment, with spring-suspension of the crane hook';

Figs. 4 and 5 are a side and end elevation respectively of a road ramming machine; with springs for guiding the masses and with elastic terminal stops;

Figs. 6 and 7 are a side and end elevation re'- spectively of a ramming device for use at specially high frequencies;

Figs. 8 and 9 are a side and end elevation respectively showing masses guided, in relation to each other, by springs; I Figs. 10 and 11 are an end levation and longitudinalsection respectively of an embodiment designed as a machine for crushing hard materials;

and

Fig. 12 is a partly cut-away side elevation of a brquetting press in accordance with the invention.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, a ramming mass I and a substantially heavier counter mass 2 are connected together by springs '3. When such a dual-mass system, freely Suspended in space, is energised by periodically compressing -the springs 3, the two inasses I, 2 oscillate in opposite directions, that is with a phase displacement of 180, and their amplitudes are inversely proportional to" their weights. consequently an oscillation node, and therefore a point that is stationary in space, is formed in one part of the oscillating springs 3, the distance at which said point is situated from the two masses being inversely proportional to their weights. Mounted in this stationary point is a plate 4, which therefore also remains stationary. Said plate may carry, for example, a motor 5, or other members for actuating an eccentric gear 6 which sets the mass I in oscillation bymeans of a spring 'I acting as a loose coupling. whether the springs 3 are interrupted by the plate 4, or pass freely through the same, is immaterial for the purposes of the invention. The mass system designed in this manner can be employed for a great variety of ramming operations, with the smaller. mass I serving as ram.

Fig. 2 shows a ramming machine, similarly y composed of masses I, 2, springs 3, carrier plate 4,

`rnotor 5 and coupling gear E, 1, Suspended, by means of Weak springs 8, from the hook 9 of a crane o, by means of which it can be convenient- .2 i ly lowered onto the place to be rammed. In this embodiment, the carrier springs 8 are attached I to the upper mass 2 and consequently oscillate slightly with the mass 2. The motor is suspend- "Is means oi struts s. Ihe rubber members i'l act as short-stroke springs with a progressively steep and therefore highly pseudo-harmonic curve of elasticity. Any convenient damping characteristic can be obtained, according to the 5 ed from the carrier plate 4 by means of carrier shape 'of the rubber members I'l, which may 5 springs ll, in order to be particularly well probe of more pointed, or flatter, parabolic, or cirtected against vibrations liable to beset up in cular cross section. The. drive and coupling` consequence of irregularities in the impact of again consist of an eccentric gear G and a-ring, the blows delivered by the ram. The motor 5 26. of rubber or like material, interposed bedrives the eccentric gear &through a transmistween a mounting stud 24 and the rim 25 of 0 sion member l2, formed, by way of example, asa the eccentric. In this case, the motor is to be belt. Guide springs !3 serve, in this case, for considered as being attached to the counteraccurately guiding the counter mass 2 on the carmass 2. The rubbing ring 26 acts as a coupling rier plate. r spring and is also subjected to torsional stress u Fig. 3 shows a machine very similar to that by the rim of the eccentric. 5

described with reference* to Fig. 2, except that Figs. 8 and 9 show two masses I, 2, connected the carrier springs 8 are attached to the carrier' and guided by springs 21, 28, the masses being plate 4, so that they hardly oscillate, atjail and also guided in a supporting frame by springs therefore' cannot transmit any oscillations -to !3, the outer springs |3 lying transversely to m the crane n. At the tp a suspension spring the inner springs 21 za. By this means, the l4 is interposed which, both in this embodiment movement of the entire system is completely deand in that shown in Fig. 2, may Supplement or termined, since guides are provided, in two direplace the carrier springs 8. mensions in space, and the third dimension forms Figs. 4 and 5 show an oscillation generator the direction of oscillation. When dealing with 25 designed as a road rammin'g machine. A travelsmall amplitudes, all the guide springs vll, 21, 25 ling frame IS, running on wheels |5, contains a- 28 can be fixed at both ends, whereas for wider counter-mass 2, guided by springs l3, and a ramamplitudes, the attachment at one end must ming mass l, the two masses being connected be yieldably mounted, in each case, in order to together by oscillating. springs 3. This system allow the springs to Shorten when flexed.

30 is Suspended in the frame IS by means of car- Figs. 10 and ll show a row of ramming masses 30 rier springs 8 and an eccentric gear 6, with cou- I, connected together by springs 21, and also a pling spring 1, serves for producing the oscilcounter-mass !a designed as a hollow member to Iations by engaging, in this instance, the counaccommodate material tobe crushed. The masses ter-mass ,2. These and other methods of susl are connected together by guide springs 20 pension and coupling do not per se, form any and oscillation springs 3, and are'energised by 35 i part of the invention. driving and coupling mechanism E, 1. In this In order to render the oscillations inharmonic embodiment, the hollow member Za is mounted or pseudo-harmonic and therefore to prevent the on obliquely` disposed guide springs 29, so as to ,oscillating masses from exceeding predetermined describean oblique oscillatory movement, in or- 0 amplitudes, auxiliary' spring suspensions are pro- 4 dei' that the material introduced, through a 40 vided, in the form of hemispherical members charging hopper' ill, at the one end, will travel I'l, of rubber or like material, which limit the along'the hollow member !a duringthe crushing stroke of inter'mediately disposed plates s, and process, and will drop out, in a crushed condithus the stroke of the ramming mass l connected tion, at the other end.

with said plates by means of struts IS; The By reducing the dip of the supporting springs 45 stroke is limited by these elastic members in such 29, the conveying movement can be retarded, and

. a manner that, during the final portions of the can be accelerated by increasing the dip, being oscillation movement, the total damping force therefore adjustable in accordance with the increases at a more than linear rate and thus progress of e r s Pr0ceSS-.

produces the pseudo-harmonic oflset which pro- The relatively large number of single rams l 50 'tects the appliance from damage, especially when may of course be replaced by a smaller 'number idling, and increases the precision of the ramor rams of correspondingly greater length. ming. This latter condition is speciaiiy desir- Rubber buflers, for generating inharmonic osable when facing boards s are employed for ciilation, and the other details of the previretaining the newly spread concretetobe rammed. ously described embodiments, may also be pro- 55 The same purpose is also served by stops 20, vided. Moreover, the elastic coupling shown may of rubber or like material, which rest on brackbe replaced by an -inertia coupling, a triction ets z on the frame Is 'and on' which bear plates icou'plin o an mpu o p n of kno t p 22 connected with the ram mass l by struts' 'and may function as a kinetic or potential cou- 23, so that they exactly limit the maximum pins. I 'eo i dcwnstroke of. the mass l with a slight degree 'For particularly large machines, a Plurallty f of elastiity. i i synchronised coupling members may be employed.

Figs. 6 and 7 show a ramming or jigging ma;- Flg. 12 shows ahorizontally oscillating mass lb chine 'to be actuated with particularly shoit and counter-mass 2b, designed'as the ram and strokes and specially high frequency. Themasses mould of a briquetting press, in which the mass l, 2 are again Suspended, by carrier' sprin s I, !b is provided .With a chargng pp or on a supporting frame of any kind, on which powdered coal, concrete, clay, or the like, and,

they are guided by springs II. In accord-nce faces the mass lb, with an opening for the diswith the short strokes to be produced in this charge ofthe compressed products 32. In this instance, the oscillation -damring is obtained case, the relative guidance of the masses is 7c solely by means of hemi-.spherical members eflected by means of a ram 33 provided on the of rubber or like material. In this case they mass lb and running in bearings 34 in the mass are in close contact with the spring plate I! 2b. They-are connected together 'by oscillation which, in turnis 'attachd to. tli`e mass i by springs 3 and are set in oscillation'by an eccentric gear 6, with coupling spring'l. springs 'u m hold the masses osciilably in relation to r the frame of the machine. The material to be compressed is fed through the hopper s, durexerted by the springs |3b of the mass lb durin 'a flexing movement should be equal to the sum of the oppodtely directed forces exerted by the springs I! of the mass 2b, it being assumed that the driving and coupling mechanism i, 'I is also balanced, in respect of forceand inertia action, in known manner.

In this casealso, springs (and especially rubber buflers) working inharmonically may be empioyed, together in' the preceding embodiments. This machine may also be mounted at any angle, or vertically, instead ot horizontally.

The guiding springs ll,

which has only a small clamping with the other details specified lib, 21, :a are in most cases'not heavily loaded and may consist of wood I claim:

1. In a ramming machine, an oscillating device comprising two masses, an energy accumulating installation connected to'said masses to permit oscilltion of both masses substantially on a common azis, a supporting member iastened to the neutral point or oscillation node of said energy aocumulating installation, a driving device mounted on said supporting member. and a loose coupling' connecting said driving device to one of said masses.

2. A machine. as claimed in claim 1, comprising a stationary portion and means fastening i said supporting member to said stationa'y portion.

3. A machine, as claimed in claim' 1, comprlsing a station'ary portion and carrier sprlngs between said stationary portion and the oscillating device to insulate said stationary portion from periodic reactions.

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